GC–MS法测定水体中甲基汞和乙基汞

用巯基棉富集,四乙基硼化钠衍生,气相色谱–质谱联用法测定水体中的甲基汞和乙基汞,线性范围为10~150 ng/L,线性范围内的重复性相对标准偏差(n=10)甲基汞为4.63%,乙基汞为5.52%,方法回收率甲基汞为99.00%~103.01%,乙基汞为85.49%~97.59%。通过四乙基硼化钠衍生把甲基汞和乙基汞化转化成全烷基化合物,降低了甲基汞和乙基汞的活性,减少甲基汞和乙基汞在色谱柱上的吸附和峰拖尾的现象。方法适合实验室大批量样品的测定。     

液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱联用技术测定水产品中汞化合物形态分析方法探讨

建立了高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术测定水产品中汞化合物形态的分析方法。采用盐酸提取样品,C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm)分离,流动相为5%甲醇-0.06 mol/L乙酸铵-0.1%半胱氨酸,3种汞化合物的线性范围均为0~100μg/L,相关系数(r)均大于0.999 0,检出限为0.5~0.8μg/L;汞化合物各形态的RSD均小于5%;不同质量浓度下无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞的加标回收率分别为72%~90%、99%~118%、93%~111%;鱼肉标准物质(GBW 10029)、人发标准物质(GBW 09101B)中汞形态的测定值均在标准值范围内,甲基汞的FAPAS国际比对结果Z评分为1.0。该方法前处理简便、线性范围宽、精密度高、准确性好,适用于水产品中汞化合物的形态分析。     

高效液相色谱–电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法测定海水中的烷基汞

建立了高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术测定海水中烷基汞的方法。对色谱和质谱的实验条件进行了优化,在最优化条件下,5 min内可实现甲基汞和乙基汞的分离和测定。甲基汞和乙基汞的检出限分别为5 ng/L,3 ng/L,线性相关系数均大于0.999,样品加标回收率为84%~94%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.3%~4.9%(n=7)。该法快速、简单、准确可靠,可用于海水及浓盐水样品中烷基汞的测定。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用快速测定水样和生物样品中的4种汞形态

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)联用快速测定4种汞形态的分析方法。以0.1%L-半胱氨酸、2 mmo L乙酸铵水溶液和甲醇体系(p H 6.8)为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式,在约3 min内实现了二价汞、甲基汞、乙基汞和苯基汞4种形态在反相色谱C18柱上的完全分离,4种汞形态检出限分别为0.06,0.05,0.08和0.06,在0.5~10μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均在0.9995以上。用该方法对标准样品人发(GBW07601)、黄鱼(GBW 08573)和金枪鱼(ERM-CE464)中的汞形态和总汞量进行测定,结果与标准参考值一致。方法成功应用于2种水样和3种鱼肉样品中汞形态的测定。两种水样汞形态的加标回收率(加标水平为0.5μg/L和5μg/L)在95%~122%之间,相对标准偏差小于5%。鱼肉样品中无机汞和甲基汞含量进行实验室间比对,结果满意。     

固相萃取–HPLC–ICP/MS法测定水中的烷基汞

建立了固相萃取、高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术测定水中烷基汞的方法。对固相萃取、高效液相色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱的实验条件进行了优化。在优化条件下,甲基汞和乙基汞的检出限分别为0.5,0.7 ng/L。对地表水、工业废水和生活污水3种水样分别加标10.0,50.0 ng/L进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.3%~9.6%(n=6),加标回收率在81.0%~103.0%之间。该方法灵敏度高,实用性强。     

高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用分析汞化合物形态的研究

建立了高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用测定汞化合物形态的分析方法。实验对淋洗液组分浓度、氧化剂和还原剂浓度、载气流速及紫外消解管长度等操作条件进行了优化,获得了令人满意的分析结果。在优化的分离检测条件下,20μg/L的汞化合物标准溶液平行7次进样分析,甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的色谱峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.0%、2.9%和2.4%;3种汞化合物的线性范围为10~1000μg/L,25μL进样检出限分别为3、2和4μg/L。用建立的方法测定了脉红螺样品中甲基汞的含量,甲基汞和乙基汞的加标回收率分别为90%和92%。     

汞的形态分析研究 Ⅱ.固相萃取预富集-液相色谱分离测定不同形态的有机汞

本文报道了固相萃取预富集处理样品继以液相色谱分离测定不同形态痕量有机汞的方法.二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)作络合剂及甲醇作洗脱液的预富集系统能在线富集甲基汞(MeHg)、乙基汞(EtHg)和苯基汞(PhHg).用于测定加标海水中MeHg、EtHg和PhHg,回收率分别为96.9％、102.4％和98.0％;相对标准偏差分别为3.5％、5.0％和5.0％;检测下限分别为 1.0μg/L、1.2 μg/L和 1.2 μg/L.     

HPLC–ICP–MS法测定农田土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞

采用HPLC反相C18柱分离、ICP–MS检测,建立了农田土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞的分析方法。以0.5mol/L的硝酸溶液为浸提剂,超声波提取1 h,在优化的仪器条件下测定,甲基汞和乙基汞的质量浓度在0.1~50ng/m L范围内与谱线强度呈良好线性关系(r≥0.999),检出限分别为0.1,0.2 ng/m L;加标回收率分别为89.26%~94.26%,76.88%~79.27%;相对标准偏差分别为1.67%~2.38%,2.58%~3.84%(n=5)。该方法样品前处理简单、重现性好、检出限低、准确度高,适合于农田土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞的同时测定。     

GC–MS法测定塑料及其制品中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯

采用气相色谱–质谱联用法检测塑料及其制品中阻燃剂三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯的含量。样品采用微波萃取,萃取温度为100℃,时间为10 min,浓缩样品溶液至近干后定容至1 m L,用0.45μm滤膜过滤,采用气相色谱–质谱联用仪进行定性定量分析。三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯的质量浓度在0.1~10.0μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数为0.999 8,检出限为0.02 mg/kg。空白样品加标回收率为85.1%~94.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差在1.60%~4.15%(n=7)之间。该方法准确度高,重现性好,可作为塑料及其制品中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯的检测方法。     

磁固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定环境水中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯

建立了磁固相萃取结合气相色谱/质谱联用测定环境水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的方法。萃取的最佳条件为:在100 mL水样中加入20 mg磁性Fe3O4@SiO2-C18微球,振摇萃取10 min后,用2.0 mL二氯甲烷解析5 min。在优化条件下,DBP和DEHP的检出限分别为0.1μg/L和0.3μg/L(S/N=3),线性范围为1.0~100μg/L,线性相关系数分别为0.9992和0.9990。方法应用于河水、湖水和井水样的分析,DBP的加标回收率为83.2%~103%,相对标准偏差小于6.8%,DEHP的加标回收率为82.2%~107%,相对标准偏差小于7.9%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.