弱等效原理的实验检验

惯性质量与引力质量相等是广义相对论基本理论假设之一，这个假设称为等效原理。本文介绍等效原理的检验实验的框架以及检验实验的历史、现状和未来。     

关于广义相对论的第四个验证

广义相对论的三大验证(引力、红移、光线偏折和水星近日点进动)是爱因斯坦在建立广义相对论时提出来的.1964年Shapiro提出了第四个检验,即“雷达回波时间延迟”实验[1].后来,实验结果以越来越高的精度证明了广义相对论的这个预言.本文的目的是介绍时间延迟效应的理论计算和实验     

北京光速各向异性实验的广义相对论(及度规理论)预言值

基于广义相对论及度规引力理论的基本原理,计算了北京“光速各向异性检验”实验的预期值。结论是该实验将不可能在广义相对论传统观点和文献[1]提出的观点之间作出判断。     

《相对论、宇宙与时空》连载⑤——爱因斯坦与狭义相对论(下)

4 广义相对论的实验验证 爱因斯坦发表广义相对论的时候,求出了场方程的一些近似解.他提出了3个检验广义相对论的实验:1)引力红移;2)轨道进动;3)光线偏折[1,2,4-17].     

月球尘埃影响对广义相对论的验证

在《对广义相对论更精确的实验检验》[2]一文中叙述了科学家们用发射激光到安置在月亮上的5个反射器来验证等效原理从而间接检验广义相对论的阿波罗(Apollo)测月计划.在此实验中,微弱的光线是一个问题.     

爱因斯坦与广义相对论的诞生——纪念广义相对论发表100周年

介绍了爱因斯坦建立广义相对论的伟大贡献.他最先发现了等效原理,最先指出万有引力本质上是时空弯曲的几何效应.爱因斯坦也是最先给出广义相对论基本方程——场方程的人.他提出的检验广义相对论的3个重要实验已被观测所证实.爱因斯坦是广义相对论的唯一创建者.     

激光用于引力波探测的研究──双激光光源法及同步积累法

一、引 言广义相对论的提出已有半个多世纪了.然而在过去相当长的一段时间内,对于它的观察检验,仅限于所谓三大验证.这是因为对于地球上的实验条件,广义相对论所预言的效应是极其微弱的.近来,由于科学技术的发展,给研究万有引力本质的实验工作提供了新的可能.在这类工作中,较为活跃的应当属于探测引力波的研究.1969年,韦伯宣布他测到来自银河系中心发出的引力波信号.由于引力辐射的存在是广义相对论具有决定性的预言,因此,他的工作引起了广泛的注意.尽管现在已倾向于判定韦伯收到的信号不是引力波,但却促使人们认识到了实验检验引力波理论的…     

引力场的二分量理论和验证广义相对论的新实验

美国斯坦福大学以W.Fairbank为首的研究组,正在考虑验证广义相对论的极为精密的新实验. 从1915年爱因斯坦发表广义相对论以来,通过水星近日点的移动,光线在引力场中的折射及光谱线的红移等现象的观测,验证了广义相对论的正确性.但是,上述新实验是以最近提出的引力场二分量理论来验证广义相对论的一种新尝试. 众所周知,电磁场中有电场和磁场.与此相似,可认为引力场也由两个分量所构成.由于牛顿势和库仑势在形式上是相同的,因而牛顿势对应于电场势.根据牛顿引力理论,不存在对应于磁场的分量.而按上述理论,在广义相对论所讨论的引力场中必然存…     

引力的"磁性"是怎么回事

爱因斯坦广义相对论的重要结论之一是引力也应有“磁”分量，两个旋转物体之间会有引力“磁”矩的相互作用．而按牛顿引力论，两个物体的引力只决定于二者的质量，并不与二者旋转运动方向有关．因此，检验是否存在引力“磁”分量，乃成为区别牛顿引力论与广义相对论的关键之一．检验的方法是利用旋转物体，例如，在空间放置一个陀螺，按牛顿理论。     

重力加速度的新探索

简要介绍了重力加速度在理论和实验上的新探索，即“引力常数Ｇ”的可变性对重力加速度的影响，阐述了在广义相对论等引力理论基础上重力加速度的后牛顿效应．     

The physical meaning of canonical quantization in terms of reference systems

The canonical approach to general relativity in terms of reference systems is discussed to show that Einstein's principles of equivalence and general relativity imply the physical insignificance of quantized general relativity. In particular it is demonstrated that even the (anholonomic) flat-space canonical formalism leads to physically uninterpretable results. This lack of quantum content of general relativity is reflected by Rosenfeld's uncertainty relations and can especially be removed by modifying general relativity in the spirit of classical Einstein-Cartan theory with teleparallelism.     

Gravitational effects in quantum mechanics

To date, both quantum theory and Einstein’s theory of general relativity have passed every experimental test in their respective regimes. Nevertheless, almost since their inception, there has been debate surrounding whether they should be unified, and by now, there exists strong theoretical arguments pointing to the necessity of quantising the gravitational field. In recent years, a number of experiments have been proposed which, if successful, should give insight into features at the Planck scale. Here, we review some of the motivations, from the perspective of semi-classical arguments, to expect new physical effects at the overlap of quantum theory and general relativity. We conclude with a short introduction to some of the proposals being made to facilitate empirical verification.     

爱丁顿与广义相对论的验证

简单介绍了在广义相对论诞生之初,验证其理论正确性的三个天文实验,并详细介绍了爱丁顿为验证广义相对论,发起并组织的观测1919年5月29日的日全食考察队的具体情况.这是爱丁顿认为他在天文学研究中最激动人心的事件.     

Quantum Gauge General Relativity

Based on gauge principle, a new model on quantum gravity is proposed in the frame work of quantum gauge theory of gravity. The model has local gravitational gauge symmetry, and the field equation of the gravitational gauge field is just the famous Einstein‘s field equation. Because of this reason, this model is called quantum gauge general relativity, which is the consistent unification of quantum theory and general relativity. The model proposed in this paper is a perturbatively renormalizable quantum gravity, which is one of the most important advantage of the quantum gauge general relativity proposed in this paper. Another important advantage of the quantum gauge general relativity is that it can explain both classical tests of gravity and quantum effects of gravitational interactions, such as gravitational phase effects found in COW experiments and gravitational shielding effects found in Podkletnov experiments.     

Measurement of the time dilation in rotational movements

Time dilation in rotational movement is shown to be a combination of two different phenomena: time dilation of theory of special relativity and time dilation of theory of general relativity. Two laboratory experiments are suggested to verify this. It is also shown that the uncertainty principle is covariant in the weak field approximations.     

Gauge Theory Gravity with Geometric Calculus

A new gauge theory of gravity on flat spacetime has recently been developed by Lasenby, Doran, and Gull. Einstein’s principles of equivalence and general relativity are replaced by gauge principles asserting, respectively, local rotation and global displacement gauge invariance. A new unitary formulation of Einstein’s tensor illuminates long-standing problems with energy–momentum conservation in general relativity. Geometric calculus provides many simplifications and fresh insights in theoretical formulation and physical applications of the theory.     

Some problems of our natural sciences

Two categories of limitations of present-day physical science are discussed. The first relates to the inadequacy of physics to deal with the phenomena of life and consciousness. The second relates to weaknesses within physical theory itself, with regard to the definition of space-time points in general relativity and quantum mechanics as well as with regard to problems of quantum mechanical measurement theory.     

A non-covariant theory of gravitation,I

Homogeneous isotropic models of the universe, based on the general theory of relativity, lead to the existence of a preferred frame of reference, which is similar to the absolute space of, Newton, and a preferred time coordinate, which resembles the absolute time of Newton. These concepts seem to be in contradiction to the principle of covariance on which the general relativity theory is based. A theory of gravitation is therefore proposed which uses the world picture of general relativity but is not covariant. In the three crucial tests, the proposed theory gives the same results as the general relativity theory. However, in contrast to general relativity, the present theory predicts the emission of gravitational waves by spherically symmetric systems, and gravitational waves are found, in general, to have both transverse and longitudinal components.     

Thermodynamic compatible model of microfractured porous media and Stoneley waves

Nonstationary theory of two-velocity continuum describing the propagation of acoustic waves inmicrofractured porousmedia is based on general physical principles: the first law of thermodynamics, the conservation laws, the kinematic relationships in the metric tensor and the Galilean principle of relativity. As a physical application, the theory of the Stoneley wave in microfractured porous media is developed. The simulation results are compared with the results of physical measurement of the Stoneley wave parameters in the boreholes. It is shown that an additional fluid transport through fractures makes it possible to satisfactorily correlate the experimental and theoretical data. In general, the developed theory is a nonlinear physical model of fluid dynamics in fractured porous media.