波兰农产品中农药残留检测技术现状

介绍波兰农产品中农药残留检测技术。波兰的农药残留检测技术标准以欧盟标准为框架,在实际检测过程中各实验室可根据自身仪器设备条件、样品基质及目标农药的性质,自主开发检测方法,但需根据SANCO 12571:2013对方法进行验证,并向波兰认可中心提供验证报告。样品制备技术以基于乙腈提取/分配、Qu ECh ERS净化为主(EN 15662:2008),各实验室对标准中大部分步骤进行了调整和创新,以满足实际工作的需要;一些经改进的经典方法,如基质固相分散法(MSPD)和基于丙酮提取、二氯甲烷萃取的LUKE法在波兰农产品检测实验室也有较为广泛的应用;最终定性定量分析以GC–MS/MS和HPLC–MS/MS法为主,以GC,HPLC和紫外分光光度法等分析方法为辅。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法在食品中农药残留分析中的应用

目前,高效低毒的极性农药逐渐取代了传统的非极性有机氯类农药,高效液相色谱(HPLC)非常适合这类农药的分离。同传统的紫外和荧光检测器相比,串联质谱(MS/MS)检测器在多反应监测模式(MRM)下具有更好的检测灵敏度和选择性,大大降低了假阳性分析结果的概率,非常适合复杂食品基质中低含量农药残留物的分析。本文综述了近年来HPLC-MS/MS在食品中农药残留分析中的研究进展,重点介绍了HPLC-MS/MS分析食品中农药残留的样品前处理技术。     

气相色谱–串联质谱法测定中药材中35种农药残留的样品处理方法

分析对比气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS/MS)法测定中药材中35种农药残留的3种样品处理方法,为中药材中农药残留检测提供参考.以乙腈为提取溶剂,样品经高速匀浆提取后,取提取液进行净化处理.比较了基于QuEChERS原则的处理方法、石墨化碳黑–氨基复合固相萃取(GCB–NH2)法和亲水亲油平衡材料固相萃取(HLB)法3种...     

植物源性食品中多农药残留GC-MS高通量快速检测技术研究进展

植物源性食品基质复杂、农药种类繁多、农药残留限量标准严格,因此建立植物源性食品中多农药残留高通量快速检测技术十分重要。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术是多农药残留高通量检测领域应用最为广泛的一种技术。然而现阶段植物源性食品中多农药残留GC-MS高通量检测仍存在问题。国内外科研工作者对其进行了大量研究,在现有设备的基础上开发前处理新技术以及复杂信号高通量解析新算法是提高该检测水平的关键。该文对近年来国内外发展的基于GC-MS的植物源性食品中多农药残留高通量快速检测技术及相关文献进行了归纳和总结,重点从适合于不同种类农药提取的新型样品前处理技术、基于“数学分离”的复杂信号高通量解析新算法等方面阐述了植物源性食品中多农药残留高通量快速检测的最新进展,并对其存在的问题提出了相关建议,旨在为食品多农药残留高通量快速检测提供参考。     

植物性食品中除草剂类农药及其代谢产物的多残留检测技术及研究进展

对近年来植物性食品中除草剂类农药及其代谢产物的多残留提取、净化、检测技术进行了综述。     

高分辨质谱在食品农药残留检测中的研究进展

利用准确、可靠的色谱－质谱联用分析技术开展我国食用农产品中农兽药残留、有机污染物等有害物质的筛查和检测具有重要意义。高分辨质谱具备更高的分辨率和质量精度,在复杂食品基质中痕量化合物的定性确证和定量检测方面拥有很大应用潜力。该文综述了四极杆/飞行时间质谱（Q/TOF MS）、四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱（Q/Orbitrap MS）技术的特点,重点分析了2017年至2022年国内外植物源和动物源食品中农药残留检测的高分辨质谱应用情况。从高分辨质谱技术本身的发展、食品安全监管部门和第三方检测机构的技术需求3个方面讨论了高分辨质谱技术的发展前景,展望了其未来研究的主要方向。     

气相色谱在食品检测方面的应用及进展

对近年来气相色谱技术在食品检测方面的应用进行综述,主要包括农药残留分析,食品添加剂分析,兽药残留分析以及食品包装材料中挥发物分析,并对未来的应用进行了展望。     

气相色谱-串联质谱技术在环境监测中的应用进展

气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS/MS)因其强抗干扰能力和高灵敏度的特性,在环境监测领域得到广泛应用。综述了近年来GC–MS/MS技术在环境监测中关于空气、水、土壤及沉积物中污染物检测工作中的应用,并对该方法的性能进行了评价;根据环境监测的特点和需求,对GC–MS/MS技术在环境检测中的应用进行了展望。     

磁性固相萃取吸附剂用于富集环境和食品中残留农药的研究进展

残留农药在体内积累会影响人的健康。种类多样的残留农药广泛存在于环境和食品中,建立高效的样品前处理技术对痕量残留农药进行富集尤为重要。磁性固相萃取技术因其简单、易操作和吸附剂回收方便等优点,被广泛用于富集残留农药。本文介绍了近年来多种材料参与构建的磁性固相吸附剂在残留农药检测中的应用,并对磁性固相吸附剂的发展趋势进行了展望。     

三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱联用技术在农兽药残留检测中的研究进展

三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱(QTRAP-MS/MS)联用技术可提供多种扫描模式,在保留良好选择性和灵敏度的同时提高仪器定性检测能力,在农兽药残留检测中具有独特优势。本文综合分析了近五年QTRAP-MS/MS在国内外农兽药残留检测中的应用现状,从QTRAP-MS/MS的结构及原理和检测前处理等方面展开概述,并对其未来发展趋势从前处理技术、微型便携化仪器、与其他仪器联用等方面进行展望,以期为食品安全、农药兽药残留检测提供参考。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.