Ag担载对TiO2光催化活性的影响

 采用光化学沉积法合成了Ag/TiO2光催化剂,以苯酚降解反应考察了光催化剂活性随Ag担载量的变化,用TEM观察了Ag在TiO2表面的分布与形貌,以漫反射紫外-可见光谱(DRS)分析了不同Ag担载量的光催化剂的光谱特征. 结果表明,适宜担载量的Ag可显著提高TiO2的光催化活性. TEM观察显示,Ag在TiO2表面形成纳米级团簇结构,随Ag担载量的增加,团簇尺寸增大. DRS分析表明,Ag的担载对TiO2紫外区域的光谱特征没有影响. 根据Ag团簇的能级随其几何尺寸的变化分析了Ag担载量的变化对TiO2光催化活性的影响机理.     

Au/TiO2的制备及其光催化氧化丙烯的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Au/TiO2光催化剂,使用X射线能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Au颗粒的尺度约为4—6nm;Au4f7/2的结合能为83.3eV,与Au0的标准峰位(84.0eV)相比,向低结合能方向移动了0.7eV,使其表现出俘获电子的特性.以丙烯的光催化氧化为指标反应,对制备的Au/TiO2的活性进行了评价,结果显示,Au/TiO2的光催化活性明显高于单一TiO2的,且当Au的担载量在0.1—5.0%范围内变化时,催化活性随着担载量的增加而显著增加.     

MCM-41分子筛担载纳米TiO2复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶胶.凝胶法将TiO2担载在介孔MCM-41分子筛上,制备了不同TiO2含量的系列TiO2/MCM-41复合材料,利用X射线衍射、N2吸附、紫外-可见光谱和透射电镜等方法对其进行表征.TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿相,复合材料的比表面积和孔体积随其中TiO2担载量(复合材料中TiO2与MCM-41的质量比)的增加而减小,TiO2的平均粒径随其担载量的增加而增大.以罗丹明B的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了TiO2/MCM-41复合材料的光催化降解活性.结果表明,在紫外光照射下,罗丹明B在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学,复合材料对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性明显高于商用TiO2(P-25),复合材料的光催化降解活性由复合材料的吸附能力和所含TiO2的光催化活性共同决定.     

MCM-41分子筛担载纳米TiO2复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶胶-凝胶法将TiO2担载在介孔MCM-41分子筛上, 制备了不同TiO2含量的系列TiO2/MCM-41复合材料, 利用X射线衍射、N2吸附、紫外-可见光谱和透射电镜等方法对其进行表征. TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿相, 复合材料的比表面积和孔体积随其中TiO2担载量(复合材料中TiO2与MCM-41的质量比)的增加而减小, TiO2的平均粒径随其担载量的增加而增大. 以罗丹明B的光催化降解为探针反应, 评价了TiO2/MCM-41复合材料的光催化降解活性. 结果表明, 在紫外光照射下, 罗丹明B在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学, 复合材料对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性明显高于商用TiO2 (P-25), 复合材料的光催化降解活性由复合材料的吸附能力和所含TiO2的光催化活性共同决定.     

水洗处理对Au/TiO2催化剂光催化活性的影响

以Au(S2O3)3-2为金前驱体, 分别采用水洗(W)和旋蒸(E)工艺制备了Au/TiO2催化剂. 用UV-Vis漫反射光谱(DRS)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和原子吸收光谱(AAS)对制备的催化剂样品进行了表征, 通过光催化降解甲基橙对催化剂光催化活性进行了评价. 结果表明, 通过水洗处理, 催化剂样品表面形成了具有较好分散性的金纳米粒子(2-5 nm), 而旋蒸工艺制备的样品表面形成一层金的包覆结构. Au/TiO2催化剂的光催化活性与制备工艺密切相关. 在相似的金负载量下, 水洗法制备的样品比旋蒸法制备的样品具有更高的光催化活性.     

TiO2晶型对Au/TiO2上光催化分解臭氧的影响

以不同晶型TiO2为载体,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/TiO2光催化剂,并用紫外-可见漫反射光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)等手段进行了催化剂表征,详细考察了Ti O2晶型对Au/TiO2光催化分解臭氧活性的影响.结果表明,光催化分解臭氧的活性顺序为Au/P25>Au/Anatase>Au/Rutile,这与不同的单一Ti O2对光催化臭氧分解的活性顺序是一致的.但在TiO2上沉积金后,其对光催化臭氧的分解活性有了显著的提高.由催化剂的Au4fXPS分析发现,不同晶型Ti O2上的电荷向金簇迁移的能力有明显差异,加之载体本身对光催化臭氧分解活性不同,两者协同作用导致负载金催化剂光催化分解臭氧活性的不同.SPS信号强度与催化剂光催化活性有很好的对应关系,SPS信号越强,光生电子和空穴分离效率越高,光催化活性越好.     

Au掺杂方式对锐钛矿TiO2光催化性能的影响

结合超临界乙醇干燥技术, 采用沉积-沉淀(DP)和共沉淀(CP)法分别制备了具有单一锐钛矿晶相的Au/TiO2和Au(0.2%, 原子分数)-TiO2光催化剂, 通过XRD、BET、TEM、XPS和Raman手段表征样品中Au的掺杂形态, 以光催化降解甲基橙为模型反应考察了样品的光催化活性. 结果表明, DP法制备的Au/TiO2在110 ℃干燥处理后, 表面存在的Au3+能有效地促进锐钛矿TiO2光催化性能, 其一级反应速率常数比纯锐钛矿TiO2提高了3.2倍, 比商用光催化剂Degussa-P25提高了4.1倍, 而当Au3+被还原为Au0后光催化活性下降. 用CP法制备的Au-TiO2并没有较大地提高锐钛矿TiO2光催化性能, 在焙烧温度达到800 ℃时, Au向表面迁移聚集, 造成锐钛矿TiO2晶格氧空位和缺陷位增加, 使光催化活性下降.     

纳米TiO2光催化剂的酸催化水解合成与表征

以TiCl4为钛源,采用酸催化水解法控制TiCl4水解速度,合成了纳米TiO2光催化剂。以苯酚的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了酸催化剂种类、水解温度、煅烧温度对TiO2光催化活性的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、低温氮物理吸附,分析了TiO2光催化剂的晶相结构、光谱特征以及表面形貌。结果表明,以HCl为催化剂、水解温度98℃、煅烧温度500℃下制得TiO2活性最高。最佳条件下合成的TiO2前驱体为无定型结构,400℃煅烧时几乎完全转化为锐钛矿相,800℃时完全转化为金红石相。随着煅烧温度升高,TiO2光吸收阈值红移,TiO2粒子尺寸增大,比表面积下降,光催化活性降低。     

Eu~(3 )、Si~(4 )共掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的协同效应

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了Eu/Ti/Si纳米光催化剂,并通过XRD、FT-IR、EPR等进行了表征.结果表明,掺入Eu3 和Si4 ,阻止了TiO2从锐钛矿晶型向金红石晶型的转变,使TiO2的粒径减小,且Eu3 能够促进Si4 进入TiO2的晶格中.以甲基橙为光催化反应模型化合物,考察了光催化剂的活性.测定了甲基橙在不同光催化剂上的吸附常数,探讨了催化剂对甲基橙的吸附机理.Eu3 和Si4 的最佳掺入量分别为wEu=0.03%、wSiO2=39.06%,且Eu3 和Si4 同时掺入TiO2光催化剂产生协同效应.讨论了光催化活性与催化剂性质的关系.     

Eu3＋、Si4＋共掺杂TiO2光催化剂的协同效应

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了Eu/Ti/Si纳米光催化剂, 并通过XRD、FT-IR、EPR等进行了表征.结果表明,掺入Eu3＋和Si4＋, 阻止了TiO2从锐钛矿晶型向金红石晶型的转变, 使TiO2的粒径减小, 且Eu3＋能够促进Si4＋进入TiO2的晶格中.以甲基橙为光催化反应模型化合物, 考察了光催化剂的活性.测定了甲基橙在不同光催化剂上的吸附常数,探讨了催化剂对甲基橙的吸附机理. Eu3＋和Si4＋的最佳掺入量分别为wEu=0.03％、wSiO2=39.06％,且Eu3＋和Si4＋同时掺入TiO2光催化剂产生协同效应.讨论了光催化活性与催化剂性质的关系.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.