The preparation, properties and X-ray structures of gold(I) trithiophosphite complexes

The first gold(I) trithiophosphite complexes were synthesised and fully characterised. Reaction of (tht)AuX (X = Cl, C₆F₅; tht = tetrahydrothiophene) with trithiophosphites (RS)₃P (R = Me, Ph) and the bicyclic [(SCH₂CH₂S)PSCH₂]₂ (²L) afforded the corresponding molecular complexes (RS)₃PAuX [R = Me, X = Cl (1); R = Me, X = C₆F₅ (2); R = Ph, X = Cl (3); R = Ph, X = C₆F₅ (4)], and ²L(AuX)₂ [X = Cl (5), X = C₆F₅ (6)]. Reacting (tht)AuCl consecutively with two mole equivalents of (MeS)₃P and then AgOTf, gave the ionic compound {[(MeS)₃P]₂Au}OTf (7). The compounds were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR measurements and mass spectrometry, and the crystal and molecular structures of 1, 3, 6, two polymorphs of 2 as well as the known (MeO)₃PAuCl (8) were determined by X-ray diffraction. The halide complexes 1 and 8 are isostructural and exhibit infinite chains of “crossed-sword”-type aurophilic interactions with Au?Au contact distances of 3.2942(3) and 3.1635(4) Å, respectively. Complex 6 exhibits a long Au?Au contact of 3.4671(9) Å. Au?S interactions between 3.3455(7) and 3.520(2) Å are present in the structures of 1 and one polymorph of 2.     

Crystal structure of the 1:2 molecular complex between thecis-anti-cis isomer of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 and 3-chloro-6-methylbenzenesulphamide

Reaction of thecis-anti-cis isomer of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 with a mixture of 2-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulphamide and 3-chloro-6-methylbenzenesulphamide gives a crystalline product which has been characterized using X-ray crystallography. The complex (I) contains both isomers in a 83.0 (0.6):17.0 (0.6) ratio in favour of the 3-chloro-6-methyl-isomer. The joint crystallization of the crown ether with the mixture of the guest isomers might serve as a route for the partial extraction of one of them. The complex with host: guest ratio 1:2 crystallizes in a triclinic space group ,a=13.087(4),b=9.217(2),c=8.120(2) Å, =92.05(3),=100.52(3), =80.64(2)°, withZ=1. The structure was refined toR=0.041. Each of two equivalent guest molecules interacts with the macrocyclic ring by two NH...O hydrogen bonds, with N...O distances of 2.912(5) and 3.040(5) Å. Supplementary Data relevant to this paper have been deposited with the British Libary as Supplementary Publication No. SUP 82180 (30 pp.).     

X-ray diffraction study of benzothiacrown compounds and their complexes with heavy metal cations

The structures of a series of substituted benzothiacrown compounds containing the dithia-15-crown-5, dithia-18-crown-6, or monothia-15-crown-5 fragment and their complexes with Ag⁺ and Pb2⁺ ions were studied by X-ray diffraction. In free benzothiacrown compounds, the sulfur atoms are preferably located outside the macrocyclic cavity, and their lone electron pairs (LEPs) point away from the center of the macrocycle, which is unfavorable for the formation of inclusion complexes. Flexible macrocyclic fragments can change their conformations in accord with the coordination requirements of heavy metal cations. As a result, benzothiacrown compounds involved in complexes adopt a crown conformation, in which LEPs of all hetero-atoms point toward the cation. The sulfur atoms are involved in coordination of Ag⁺ to a greater degree than the oxygen atoms due to high affinity of soft sulfur atoms for silver cations. On the contrary, the sulfur and oxygen atoms are involved to approximately the same degree in coordination of Pb2⁺ ions. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 967–976, May, 2007.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic and X-ray structural studies of mercury(II) halide complexes of 4-methoxybenzoylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane

The reactions of the title ylide {(C₆H₅)₃PCHCOC₆H₄OCH₃)} (MBPPY) with mercury(II) chloride and mercury(II) bromide in equimolar ratios using methanol as the solvent produces crystals of [(MBPPY) · HgCl₂]₂ (1) and [(MBPPY) · HgBr₂]₂ (2), respectively. Single crystal X-ray analyses reveal the presence of centrosymmetric dimeric structures containing the ylide and HgX₂ (X = Cl or Br) in both cases. The IR and NMR data of the product [(MBPPY) · HgI₂]₂ (3), formed by the reaction of mercury(II) iodide with the same ylide, are similar to those of 1 and 2. Analytical data indicate a 1:1 stoichiometry between the ylide and Hg(II) halide in each of the three products.     

Synthesis and X-ray structural investigation of 6-chloro-10-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine

An X-ray structural study of 6-chloro-10-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine prepared by the reaction of cyclohexanone with 2-amino-5-chlorobenzofenone was carried out. At 20°Ca=24.215(6),b=8.967(2),c=15.006(3) Å, =115.57(2)°,V= 2939(1) ų,d _calc=1.310 g cm^–3,Z=4, space groupC2/c, 1324 reflections, MoK,R=0.038. The cyclohexene ring has a half-chair conformation. The phenyl substituent is rotated 71.2° with respect to the plane of the quinoline fragment.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1467–1468, August, 1994.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of new phosphinooxazoline complexes of iron

The first phosphinooxazoline chelate complexes of iron were synthesized, and their structural and electronic properties were studied.The known phosphinooxazolines 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole (7a), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole (7b), (S)-4-benzyl-2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole (7e) and (R)-2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole (7f) were synthesized by a modified three step literature procedure with improved 67-60% overall yields. The new electronically tuned phosphinooxazolines 2-(5-bromo-2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole (7c), 3-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-4-(diphenylphosphino)-N,N-dimethylaniline (7d) and 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole (7g) were synthesized in three to six steps with 59-29% overall yields. Reaction of 7a-f with CpFe(CO)₂I (110 °C, 2 h, toluene) gave the iodide salts of the new iron phosphinooxazoline complexes [CpFe(CO)(7a-f)]⁺ in 87-21% yield. The new complexes were characterized by X-ray and the molecular structures confirm the octahedral coordination geometry and the half-sandwich structure about the iron center. The impact of different oxazoline ligands on the steric and electronic properties of their iron complexes was determined by analysis of selected bond lengths, ν_CO stretching frequency and the oxidation potentials of the ligands and the iron complexes.     

X-ray studies of lanthanide(III) complexes with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate anion

Polycrystalline complexes of lanthanide(III) with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid were obtained as hydrated compounds of general formula Ln(C₈H₇O₄)₃?·?nH₂O. After slow recrystallization we obtained single crystals of complexes and determined their structures. Praseodymium(III) and neodymium(III) form isostructural dihydrated complexes [Ln(C₈H₇O₄)₃(H₂O)₂], which crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P 1. Sm(III), Eu(III), Gd(III), Ho(III) and Tb(III) compounds are hexahydrates and also crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P 1. Dihydrated compounds form polymeric chains with metal centres linked by oxygen atoms of bridging carboxylates. Each metal ion is coordinated by chelating carboxylic group and two water molecules. Complexes of the second isostructural group form dinuclear units [Ln₂(C₈H₇O₄)₆(H₂O)₄]?·?8H₂O. Lanthanide(III) ions are linked by oxygen atoms of two chelating–bridging carboxylate groups. In the dimeric structure each metal ion coordinates additionally two chelating carboxylic groups and two water molecules.     

Spectroscopic and structural studies on metal halide complexes of 4-vinylpyridine

Fourier transform infrared spectra (4000–400 cm⁻¹) are reported for metal(II) halide 4-vinlypridine complexes of the following stoichiometries: [MX₂(4-vipy]_n (n=4, M=Ni, X=Cl or Br; n=2, M=Cd, X=Cl, Br or I) and assignment are given for all the observed bands. These spectra were compared with X-ray powder diffraction patterns of complexes. It is shown that the proposed structures for these complexes derived from FTIR spectra are consistent with the X-ray powder diffraction measurements and the elemental analysis results. Coordination effect on 4-vinylpyridine has also been investigated.     

Surface tension measurements in the study of molecular complexes

Surface tension measurements can be used to investigate molecular complex formation in liquid solutions for strong and weak complexes. The association constant and epthalpy for triethylamine-iodine, hexamethylbenzene-tetracyanoethylene and ethanol-iodine in cyclohexane are 4·55×10³, 218 and 0.93M⁻¹ at 25° C and 12·5, 7·7 and 5·1 kcal/mol respectively. These values compare well with those reported in the literature by other methods.     

Pyridine-type complexes of transition-metal halides. III: Structural and thermal relationships among the cobalt(II) complexes with halide ions and 2-, 3-, and 4-Methylpyridine,the crystal structure of dibromotetrakis (3-methylpyridine)cobalt(II)

The correlation between structure and thermal properties of halogeno methylpyridine cobalt(II) is described. The ternary mixed tetrakis-derivatives and the tetrahedral bis-complexes of cobalt(II) chlorides and bromides formed with picolines are structurally very similar to the cadmium(II) and nickel(II) analogues, the iodides are somewhat different, however. On the basis of the characteristic correlation between the densities calculated from powder diffraction data and the molecular weights, the densities of a few thermal intermediates, which have not yet been prepared, are predicted. The square bipyramidal structure of dibromotetrakis(3-methylpyridine)cobalt(II) is described, and the deformation of the octahedra is discussed in detail. Structural study was extended by molecular mechanics (MM+ and MMX) and molecular orbital (SINDO1) calculations.     

X-ray structural studies on metal complexes with nucleotides and pyridoxal-amino acid Schiff bases. Models for platinum binding to DNA and pyridoxal catalyzed reactions

X-ray structural studies on metal complexes with nucleotides and with pyridoxalamino acid Schiff bases are briefly reviewed. The results with ternary metal nucleotide complexes show that the oxopurine nucleotides coordinate to the metal ion through the N(7) atoms of the bases incis position. The relevance of this mode of binding is discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of action of the novel platinum drugs. On the basis of the studies on metal pyridoxal-amino acid Schiff base complexes, the variations in stereochemistry of the ligands in different metal complexes have been related to the catalytic activity of various metal ions in pyridoxal-catalyzed nonenzymatic reactions.     

Insertion reactions of phenyl isocyanate into hafnium nitrogen bonds: synthesis and reactivity of hafnium complexes bearing substituted pyrrolyl ligands

A bis(diethylamido)hafnium compound [C₄H₃N(CH₂NMe₂)-2]₂Hf(NEt₂)₂ (1) has been prepared in 79% yield by reacting Hf(NEt₂)₄ with 2 equiv. of [C₄H₃NH(CH₂NMe₂)-2] in heptane via deamination. Reacting compound 1 with 2 equiv. of phenyl isocyanate at room temperature in diethyl ether results in the PhNCO being inserted seletively into hafnium-NEt₂ bonds to generate [C₄H₃N(CH₂NMe₂)-2]₂Hf[PhNC(NEt₂)O]₂ (2) in 56% yield. Similarly, while reacting 1 with 2 equiv. of phenyl isocyanate for a week in toluene produces a mixture of 2 and [C₄H₃N(CH₂NMe₂)-2]Hf[PhNC(NEt₂)O]₃ (3). For comparison, reacting Hf(NEt₂)₄ with 4 equiv. of PhNCO in a toluene solution at room temperature results in the PhNCO inserted into Hf-N bonds, and forms a tetrakis-ureato hafnium compound Hf[PhNC(NEt₂)O]₄ (4) in 88% yield. A theoretical calculation found that the unpaired electrons of the ureato fragments of 2 are resonance delocalized between the C-O, C-NPh, and C-NEt₂ bonds, which are all partially doubly bonded.     

Synthesis, X-ray structure and anti-corrosion activity of two silver(I) pyrazino complexes

Two new silver(I) pyrazine complexes [Ag₂(ampyz)(NO₃)₂]_n, 1 and {[Ag(2,3-pyzdic)](NO₃)}_n, 2 (where ampyz = aminopyrazine, and 2,3-pyzdic = 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxamide) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analysis. Complex 1 has a 2D sheet structure through both bridging μ_O,O′-(NO₃) groups and μ_N,N′-pyrazine moieties. A 3D structure with a characteristic (10,3)-d or 10³-utp net is formed through extensive hydrogen bonding. Complex 2 has a 1D chain structure through bridging μ_N,N′-pyrazine moieties. Strong hydrogen bonds further connect these chains to extend the dimensionality to a 3D network structure. The complexes were tested as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 0.1 M nitric acid medium using potentiodynamic polarization technique. Both complexes are of mixed type corrosion inhibitors with dominant anodic effect. The inhibition efficiencies are 68% and 50% for complexes 1 and 2, respectively. The inhibition mechanisms of both inhibitors are mainly due to adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the surface of mild steel. All data were compared and fitted to the kinetic-thermodynamic model. The binding constants K are 3263 and 1147 for complexes 1 and 2, respectively.     

Viscometry in the study of molecular complexes

Viscometric method has been used to study the interaction between the weak interacting systems such as benzene-CCl₄-cyclohexane, toluene-CCl₄-cyclohexane ando- xylene-CCl₄-cyclohexane. The equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic parameters have been reported and compared with literature data.     

Hypersensitivity and its application to structural analysis of lanthanide complexes

Hypersensitivity of the ternary complexes Ln(β-dik)4HMQ(where Ln=Nd, Ho, Er,β-dik=acetylacetonate(AA), dibenzoylmethanate(DBM) and MQ=4-methylquinoline) in acetone solution is studied based on the dynamic coupling model. The structures of these complexes in solution are deduced. Their coordination polyhedrons are all distorted square antiprism. Neodymium complexes have D2 symmetry, while holmium and erbium complexes have exact D2d symmetry.     

Synthesis,characterization, and X-ray crystal structures of metal complexes with new Schiff-base ligands and their antibacterial activities

Two new potentially hexadentate Schiff bases, [H₂L¹] and [H₂L²], were prepared by condensation of 2-(3-(2-aminophenoxy)naphthalen-2-yloxy)benzenamine with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy benzaldehyde and o-vanillin, respectively. Reaction of these ligands with cobalt(II) chloride, copper(II) perchlorate, and zinc(II) nitrate gave complexes ML. The ligands and their complexes have been characterized by a variety of physico-chemical techniques. The solid and solution state investigations show that the complexes are neutral. Molecular structures of [CuL¹], [CoL¹]?·?C₇H₈, and [ZnL²]?·?CH₃CN, which have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, indicate that [CuL¹] and [ZnL²]?·?CH₃CN display distorted square planar and distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, respectively; the geometry around cobalt in [CoL¹]?·?C₇H₈ is almost exactly between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. The synthesized ligands and their complexes were screened for their antibacterial activities against eight bacterial strains and the ligands and complexes have antibacterial effects. The most effective ones are [CuL²] against Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus subtilis, [H²L¹] against S. subtilis, and [H₂L²] against S. subtilis.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of novel bridged platinum(II) biscarbene complexes

Novel bridged platinum(II) biscarbene complexes are reported: 1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-methylene-4-diimidazolin-2,2′-diylidene platinum(II) (3) and 1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-ethylene-4-diimidazolin-2,2′-diylidene platinum(II) complexes 4 are directly accessible in high yields starting from platinum halides. The one-pot synthesis obviates the need for multi-step reactions via metal precursors or free carbenes. An X-ray crystal structure of 1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-methylene-4-diimidazolin-2,2′-diylidene platinum(II) dibromide (3b) confirmed the structural similarity to the known corresponding palladium complexes. Since free 1,1′-di-R-3,3′-methylene-4-diimidazolin-2,2′-diylidenes are only available in low yields this synthetic route provides an easy access to the corresponding carbene complexes.     

Structural and spectroscopic study of chelate carbonyl and phosphoryl antimony(v) complexes

Chelate complexes of antimony tetrachloride with dibenzoylmethane and (benzoylchloro-methyl)diphenylphosphine oxide were stndicd by X-ray diffraction, I R, and Raman spectroscopy. The antimony atom has a slightly distorted octahedral coordination in the complexes. The bond lengths in the chelate cycles are evidence for an appreciable electron delocalization in the O-C-C-C-0 and O-C-C-P-0 chains. Unlike the C₃O₂Sb chelate cycle, the chelate cycle with the phosphorus atom is nonplanar. The assignment of the stretching vibrations frequencies of the C-O, P-0, C-C, Sb-O, and Sb-CI bonds was presumably made on the basis of the IR and Raman spectral data.Deceased in 1995.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1474–1479, June, 1996.     

Impact of finite-temperature and condensed-phase effects on theoretical X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal complexes

The impact of condensed-phase and finite-temperature effects on the theoretical X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal complexes is assessed. The former are included in terms of the all-electron Gaussian and augmented plane-wave approach, whereas the latter are taken into account by extensive ensemble averaging along second-generation Car–Parrinello ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories. We find that employing the periodic boundary conditions and including finite-temperature effects systematically improves the agreement between our simulated X-ray absorption spectra and experimental measurements. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The use of thermo-XRD-analysis in the study of organo-smectite complexes

Summary Thermo-XRD-analysis is applied to identify whether or not the adsorbed organic species penetrates into the interlayer space of the smectites mineral. In this technique an oriented smectite sample is gradually heated to temperatures above the irreversible dehydration of the clay, and after each thermal treatment is diffracted by X-ray at ambient conditions. In the thermal treatment of organo-clays, under air atmosphere at temperatures above 250°C, the organic matter is in part oxidized and charcoal is formed from the organic carbon. In inert atmosphere e.g. under vacuum above 250°C the organic matter is pyrolyzed and besides small molecules, charcoal is formed. If the adsorbed organic compound is located in the interlayer space, the charcoal is formed in that space, preventing the collapse of the clay. A basal spacing of above 1.12 nm suggests that during the adsorption the organic compound penetrated into the interlayer space. Thermo-XRD-analyses of montmorillonite complexes with anilines, fatty acids, alizarinate, protonated Congo red and of complexes of other smectites with acridine orange are described. To obtain information about spacings of the different tactoids that comprise the clay mixture, curve-fitting calculations on the X-ray diffractograms were adapted.