碳掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管的制备及其可见光催化性能

以尿素作为碳元素前驱体对TiO2纳米管进行掺杂,采用比表面积测定、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线荧光光谱、X射线光电子能谱、固体漫反射紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对产物进行了表征。 结果表明,以尿素作为前驱体可制备C掺杂的TiO2纳米管,C掺杂后,TiO2纳米管的可见光催化活性明显提高。 此外,研究了C掺杂量、煅烧温度、催化剂用量和pH值对TiO2纳米管光催化降解活性的影响,发现当C的掺杂量为5.3%、催化剂用量为1.5 g/L、溶液的pH值为5时,在其催化作用下,可见光光照3 h后罗丹明B的降解率可达到91%。     

光催化甲胺磷降解效率和降解机理的研究

本文以自制的纳米TiO2为光催化剂,研究了光催化条件(溶液pH值、催化剂浓度及甲胺磷浓度)对甲胺磷在水中降解率的影响。结果表明:通过优化催化条件,可以大大提高甲胺磷的降解率。在甲胺磷浓度为20 mg/L,反应液起始pH为10.00,催化剂用量为0.5 g/L,光照时间为3 h的条件下,甲胺磷的降解效率可达到71.8%。通过化学计算模拟了甲胺磷的分子构型,并结合离子色谱的检测结果初步探讨了甲胺磷光催化降解的反应机理。     

锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米管的离子液体辅助水热合成及紫外光催化活性

在离子液体[Bmim]OH辅助的水热条件下合成了结晶度较好的偏钛酸纳米管,经470℃煅烧2 h,可转变为锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管.对产物的物相、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征.结果表明,锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管的比表面积约为355 m2/g,主孔径约为25 nm.锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管和偏钛酸纳米管均呈现出明显的紫外光催化降解对氯苯酚的活性,锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管的降解效率约为44%(1 h).离子液体的加入不仅可扩大水热合成的温度范围,且有助于提高偏钛酸纳米管的结晶度.     

水热法制备掺杂铁离子的TiO2纳米粒子及其兴催化反应研究

以TiCl4为前驱体，采用水热法制备了掺杂铁离子的TiO2纳米粒子，利用XRD对不同条件下制备的产物进行了表征，探讨了反应温度、胶体溶液pH值和反应时间对水热反应的影响。考察了所制备的Fe^2 -TiO2纳米粒子光催化降解罗丹明B的催化性能，实验发现，制备的掺杂0．1％Fe^3 -TiO2纳米粒子与纯TiO2相比，具有更好的催化活性。     

无氧条件下Pt/TiO2光催化重整降解一乙醇胺水溶液制氢

以一乙醇胺（以下简称乙醇胺）为电子给体,在无氧条件下进行了Pt/TiO2光催化重整制氢的研究.详细讨论了诸多因素如催化剂表面Pt化学状态、Pt担载量、溶液pH值、乙醇胺溶液浓度等对产氢效率的影响,并用XRD、HNMR、XPS等进行了深入表征,探讨了Pt/TiO2光催化重整降解乙醇胺和产氢的反应, 实验表明,利用所制备的光催化剂, 可实现在消除水中有机污染物的同时制取氢气的目标.催化剂表面的Pt以Pt0的化学状态存在, 有利于析氢;溶液pH值和浓度的变化对产生速率也有一定的影响.同时发现Pt/TiO2光催化重整乙醇胺制氢反应的最佳条件是:Pt的最佳担载量约为0.5％～1.0％;乙醇胺溶液最佳浓度约为0.05 mol•L－1;最佳溶液pH值范围为4～10;氨基取代的羰基类化合物是其主要中间产物.     

不同形貌TiO2的水热合成及对苯酚的降解研究

采用水热合成法, 通过对溶液的pH值、反应物配比、陈化温度及陈化时间等条件的控制, 合成出不同晶型及形貌的TiO2纳米粒子. 结果表明, 溶液的pH＝11, n(钛酸丁酯):n(三乙醇胺)＝1:2, 陈化温度为150 ℃, 陈化时间为48 h时, 能得到较规则的、长径比约为4:1的棒状TiO2. 当溶液pH<10时, 得到球形的TiO2纳米粒子; 陈化时间为24 h时, 得到纺锤形TiO2纳米晶. 以上合成的纳米粒子均为锐钛矿型, 但当溶液的pH>12时, 则得到板钛矿型TiO2粒子. 以苯酚为降解模型, 考察了不同形貌TiO2的光催化活性.     

纳米TiO2分散稳定性及降解甲醛的研究

用自制纳米TiO2粉体(粒径<10nm),研究了超声分散,pH值对纳米TiO2-水体系的分散和稳定过程的影响,以TiO2分散体系对甲醛降解能力来表征其分散效果。实验结果表明,对纳米TiO2-水体系进行长时间超声强烈振荡(8h以上),对粒子在水中的分散起决定性作用,超声分散经历三个重要阶段:初级分散(超声2h左右),逆分散(3-5h),完全分散(8h以上);研究结果证实,pH值对纳米TiO2-水分散体系的稳定性起主要作用,分散体系的稳定性随pH值的增大而显著提高,在pH=8.5左右,分散液可达7天以上无沉降,其降解甲醛能力最佳。用1%浓度的分散液对甲醛进行光催化降解,其降解率达97%以上,该催化剂重复使用多次后,对甲醛的降解率由开始的97.4%到最终维持93%,表明该催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能。云彩的影     

Sm-N-P-TiO_2纳米光催化剂在模拟太阳光下光催化降解4-氯酚的动力学

采用改进的溶胶-水热技术,制备了新型高性能Sm-N-P-TiO2纳米光催化剂。考察了条件因素对4-氯酚(4-CP)溶液在模拟太阳光下光催化降解的影响规律,并对不同催化剂的光活性进行了对比研究。结果表明,在实验条件下,4-CP光催化降解行为符合准一级动力学规律;随着4-CP溶液浓度增大,一级反应速率常数不断降低。在4-CP溶液初始浓度40 mg/L、催化剂用量1.5 g/L、溶液pH=5.2、溶液温度36℃、500 W氙灯照射2 h条件下,4-CP完全分解,表观速率常数Kapp为5.32×10-2min-1,Sm-N-P-TiO2的光催化活性是混晶型纳米TiO2(P25)的3.49倍;TOC去除率达到96.8%。     

TiO2纳米管与纳米线的制备及光电化学研究

利用钛箔表面沉积一层TiO2纳米粒子作为晶种,与NaOH反应,通过改变反应温度制备了TiO2纳米管与纳米线.在170℃,48 h的条件下合成了TiO2纳米管.在180℃时得到另一种一维的TiO2纳米线.并用XRD,SEM,SAED,EDS及HRTEM等分析手段对两种产物的成分、形貌、结构进行表征.对TiO2纳米管电极的光电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,TiO2纳米管与纳米线为锐钛矿型和金红石型的混晶结构.TiO2纳米管单色光的光电转化效率达到10.38%.与钛酸盐纳米管相比,混晶结构TiO2纳米管显示出优良的光电转化性能.     

(Ni-Mo)/TiO2纳米薄膜光催化降解刚果红的性能与机理

用恒电流复合电沉积方法制备(Ni-Mo)/TiO2薄膜,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构和光谱特性进行了表征,以刚果红为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化性能进行了测定,并讨论了刚果红溶液的pH值对薄膜光催化活性的影响.采用循环伏安技术和向溶液中加入活性物种捕获剂的方法对薄膜光催化降解机理进行了探索.结果表明:(Ni-Mo)/TiO2薄膜是由粒径为50-100nmTiO2纳米粒子相和纳米晶Ni-Mo固溶体相构成的复合薄膜.薄膜具有较高的光催化活性,卤钨灯照射80min后,复合薄膜光催化刚果红的降解率是多孔TiO2(DegussaP25)/ITO(氧化铟锡)纳米薄膜的2.43倍.(Ni-Mo)/TiO2薄膜光催化活性的提高主要归因于薄膜层中有效形成的(Ni-Mo)/TiO2异质结和良好的电子通道,以及Ni-Mo纳米晶合金对溶解氧和激发电子还原反应的催化作用.分别给出了在紫外和可见光下薄膜光催化降解刚果红的反应机理.     

超声波-二氧化钛光催化耦合法降解高效氯氰菊酯

采用超声波-TiO2光催化耦合法降解高效氯氰菊酯,考察了高效氯氰菊酯初始浓度、降解时间、溶液pH、催化剂用量等对高效氯氰菊酯农药残留的降解效果,并利用水果进行了实物模拟.结果表明:利用超声波-TiO2光催化耦合法能够有效地降解高效氯氰菊酯农药残留.在弱酸环境中,当纳米TiO2投放量为1.2g/L时,经2h超声催化降解,不同浓度的高效氯氰菊酯农药稀释液均被有效降解,降解率最高可达98.3%.     

Effect of Binder on the Structure and Properties of Silicon Powder-supported TiO2 Photocatalysis Material

Recoverable TiO2 photocatalysis material supported by silicon powder was prepared with sol-gel method, afterwards the silica gol and sodium silicate were used as molding binder respectively to investigate their effects （including binder type and binder addition quantity） on the crystal structure and catalysis properties of photocatalyst. In this work, the catalysis activity was defined as the degradation rate of methyl orange solution upon ultraviolet lamp irradiation, and the specific areas were determined with nitrogen desorption method. TiO2 crystal form was measured with X-ray powder diffraction and their micro-morphology was observed with SEM. Experimental results indicate that these two binders do not affect the crystal form transformation of TiO2, but silica gol can increase the specific surface area of TiO2 photocatalyst obviously and the addition of sodium silicate can decrease it. In all, silica gol is a better candidate than sodium silicate for higher catalysis property. In conclusion, 6% silica gol is the optimal addition concentration. Under this condition, the ratio of anatase to rutile TiO2 is 64：36, the specific area is 29.67 m^2/g, and as expected, the degradation rate of methyl orange could be as high as 90% after irradiation for 5 days.     

Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管的制备及其光电催化降解染料废水性能

采用阴极电沉积和阳极氧化法制备了Fe2O3改性TiO2纳米管(Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs)电极,运用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对其进行了表征,考察了其光电化学性能,并研究了复合电极光电催化降解甲基橙染料废水的反应性能.结果表明,Fe2O3的负载成功地将TiO2-NTs的光响应区间拓宽到可见光区域,Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs复合电极的光电流密度达到TiO2-NTs电极的3倍.在光电催化反应中,Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs复合电极对甲基橙的脱色效果明显优于TiO2-NTs电极,以Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs为阳极,光照5min,甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达90%以上.     

二氧化钛光催化降解有机磷农药的机理和影响因素

综述了反应液起始pH值、TiO_2用量、空气流量、Fe~(3+)浓度、有机磷农药结构、不同元素掺杂TiO_2、载体等因素对TiO2光催化降解有机磷农药降解率的影响。     

Template Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2O/TiO2 Coaxial Nanocable for Photocatalysis

Coaxial nanocable consisted of p-type Cu₂O nanowires and n-type TiO₂ nanotubes arrays was prepared in the porous anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) template via the sol-gel method and subsequent electrodeposition method. X-ray diffraction analysis identified an anatase structure of the TiO₂ nanotubes and cubic structure of the Cu₂O nanowires. The obtained samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). The diffrence of open circuit potential of the coaxial nanocable electrode was larger than that of the TiO₂ nanotubes electrode under ultraviolet illumination, which means doping with Cu₂O could improve the photovoltage effectively. Meanwhile, nanocable arrays exhibited a high activity for photodegrading Rhodamine B under Xe lamp irradiation and the photocatalysis degradation efficiency was up to 98.69% after degradation for 7 h. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the high migration efficiency of photoinduced electrons, which may suppress the charge recombination effectively.     

Process optimization and kinetics study for photocatalytic ciprofloxacin degradation using TiO2 nanoparticle: A comparative study of Artificial Neural Network and Surface Response Methodology

The photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin was investigated by developing a predictive mathematical model using response surface methodology and an artificial neural network. The four independent variables involve solution pH, reaction time, catalyst dose, and initial antibiotic concentration considered as factors in central composite design to observe the response in the form of antibiotic degradation. Accordingly, at an optimum antibiotic concentration of 5.02 mg/L, catalyst dose of 44.51 mg/L, solution pH of 5.04, and reaction time of 75.80 min, the photocatalysis method achieved a ciprofloxacin degradation of 88.30%. The experimental outputs were very much consistent along with the predicted output of experiments through response surface methodology (R² = 0.9969) and artificial neural network (R² = 0.975). The adsorption isotherm and kinetic study reveal that Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models respectively were best fitted for degradation of ciprofloxacin through photocatalysis. The finding provides a novel method for evaluating the photocatalysis process for the optimization of ciprofloxacin antibiotic removal from pharmaceutical waste using experiments and computer simulation tools.     

Synthesis and characterization of ultrahigh crystalline TiO2 nanotubes

Ultrahigh crystalline TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized by hydrogen peroxide treatment of very low crystalline titania nanotubes (TiNT-as prepared), which were prepared with synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal methods in an aqueous NaOH solution. Thus, prepared ultrahigh crystalline TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT-H2O2) showed comparable crystallinity with high crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles. The details of nanotubular structures were elucidated by high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis in transmission electron microscopy (TEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and BET surface area. TiNT-H2O2 was found to be a multiwalled anatase phase only with an average outer diameter of approximately 8 nm and an inner diameter of approximately 5 nm and grown along the [001] direction to 500-700 nm long with an interlayer fringe distance of ca. 0.78 nm. The photocatalytic activity of TiNT-H2O2 was about 2-fold higher than those of TiNT-as prepared, synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles, and TiO2-P25 (Degussa) in the photocatalytic oxidation of trimethylamine gas under UV irradiation.     

纳米二氧化钛负载棉织物的制备及性能

以棉织物为基体,通过紫外辐照和超声法将不同表面性质的TiO_2纳米粒子负载到棉织物上,制备自清洁材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、接触角、紫外-可见光谱及降解甲基橙溶液等手段分别对样品表面的结构形貌、元素分布、光催化活性、紫外屏蔽性能和耐久性等进行分析.结果表明,棉织物经紫外辐照后,TiO_2纳米粒子与其结合更牢固,耐久性更佳;TiO_2负载后的棉织物表现出超疏水性能及优异的光催化活性和紫外屏蔽性能;与未改性的TiO_2纳米粒子相比,由聚乙烯醇(PVA)改性的TiO_2纳米粒子制备的自清洁棉织物的可见光光催化活性更高,其可见光的光催化效率是前者的3.9倍.PVA改性的纳米TiO_2对290~400 nm范围内的紫外光有较好的吸收作用,其紫外屏蔽效果更佳.