基于飞行仿真的捷联惯导算法测试平台

针对捷联惯导算法测试中真实飞行轨迹数据难以获得的问题,建立了一种基于飞行仿真的捷联惯导算法测试平台.首先构建了测试平台的系统结构,在建立六自由度非线性飞机数学模型基础上,采用Stateflow实现了预定航迹多模态的飞行仿真,并通过坐标变换将飞行参数转换为测试基准轨迹数据;然后根据捷联惯导系统原理,由测试基准轨迹参数推导出陀螺仪和加速度计的理想输出,并对其误差进行建模,由此获得惯性组件的模拟输出数据;最后通过两种不同的姿态更新算法进行惯导解算并比较.仿真实验结果表明:产生的测试基准数据符合飞行力学的特点,很好地反映了飞机的动态特性,可以有效地评估不同捷联惯导算法的性能.     

光纤陀螺在惯导系统中的建模及其应用

提出了一种适用于高精度光纤陀螺（FOG）的静态输出信号建模的改进型二阶自回归AR（2）模型，建立了FOG随机误差的实时卡尔曼滤波器，并在FOG捷联惯导系统（SINS）中进行了实际应用。Allan方差分析和实际应用表明，该建模和滤波方法有效减小了高精度FOG误差，在一定程度上提高了FOGSINS的静态初始对准精度，明显降低了导航漂移，提高了导航精度，具有较好的实际应用价值。     

可观测度的探讨及其在捷联惯导系统可观测性分析中的应用

可观测度是为了分析线性系统中组合状态的可观测程度而提出来的,在卡尔曼滤波的滤波效果分析中得到了应用。文中先对已有的两种可观测度分析方法进行了简述,并且分析了两种方法的等价性;然后从理论上分析了此描述方法的不全面性。通过典型例子说明了理论分析的结果,给出了一种更全面的描述系统可观测组合状态可观测度的方法,并且用新的描述方式分析了捷联惯导系统的各状态可观测度。结果表明,该数值刻画方式能够定量的给出系统状态可观测的程度,是解析分析方法的很好的补充。     

基于神经网络的无陀螺捷联惯导系统姿态预测

在无陀螺捷联惯导系统中,以工程问题为研究背景,针对以往解算载体角速度精度不高,导航误差随时间积累较快的问题,提出了基于信息融合理论的BP神经网络模型预测飞行体姿态的系统,并采用LM算法,提高学习速度.在研究了加速度传感器输出信号对飞行体姿态影响的基础上,将加速度计的输出信息作为输入变量,飞行体的实时三轴角速度作为目标信号建立网络模型.选取测试样本进行训练,得到较高精度的角速度输出,再运用四元数法解算姿态角,从一定程度上抑制了误差的积累.仿真结果表明该优化算法收敛速度快,对角速度的预测精度较高,并且合理选择及增加样本信息可以提高网络的泛化能力,为该系统走向工程实践提供了理论依据.     

Unsteady aerodynamics modeling for flight dynamics application

In view of engineering application, it is practicable to decompose the aerodynamics into three components: the static aerodynamics, the aerodynamic increment due to steady rotations, and the aerodynamic increment due to unsteady separated and vortical flow. The first and the second components can be presented in conventional forms while the third is described using a one-order differential equation and a radial-basis-function (RBF) network. For an aircraft configuration, the mathematical models of 6component aerodynamic coefficients are set up from the wind tunnel test data of pitch, yaw, roll, and coupled yawroll large-amplitude oscillations. The flight dynamics of an aircraft is studied by the bifurcation analysis technique in the case of quasi-steady aerodynamics and unsteady aerodynamics, respectively. The results show that: (1) unsteady aerodynamics has no effect upon the existence of trim points, but affects their stability; (2) unsteady aerodynamics has great effects upon the existence, stability, and amplitudes of periodic solutions; and (3) unsteady aerodynamics changes the stable regions of trim points obviously. Furthermore, the dynamic responses of the aircraft to elevator deflections are inspected It is shown that the unsteady aerodynamics is beneficial to dynamic stability for the present aircraft. Finally, the effects of unsteady aerodynamics on the post-stall maneuverability are analyzed by numerical simulation.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF INSECT FLIGHT

In the non-inertial coordinates attached to the model wing, the two-dimensional unsteady flow field triggered by the motion of the model wing, similar to the flapping of the insect wings, was numerically simulated. One of the advantages of our method is that it has avoided the difficulty related to the moving-boundary problem. Another advantage is that the model has three degrees of freedom and can be used to simulate arbitrary motions of a two-dimensional wing in plane only if the motion is known. Such flexibility allows us to study how insects control their flying. Our results show that there are two parameters that are possibly utilized by insects to control their flight: the phase difference between the wing translation and rotation, and the lateral amplitude of flapping along the direction perpendicular to the average flapping plane.     

舰载机捷联惯导自对准方案设计与仿真

舰船因风浪影响而产生大幅摇摆,使陀螺测量到的地球自转角速度信噪比大幅度下降,从而给舰载机的初始对准带来困难.针对这一问题,提出了利用惯性空间中地球重力加速度信息的捷联惯导自主粗对准方法,以及基于模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波的自主精对准方法.粗对准算法中采用了惯性凝固假设,建立了载体惯性坐标系,使舰载机相对坐标系的姿态阵初值成为单位阵,并将姿态阵分散为四个矩阵求解;考虑了舰载机的地理信息、地球的自转、对准初始时刻舰载机相对地球的相对位置,及舰载机相对系的姿态变化等信息,使姿态更新解算成为可能,从而隔离了舰船晃动.精对准中设计了一种模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波器,有效抑制量测中含有的不确定性干扰.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该运动基座上捷联惯导自对准方法能有效地解决舰船系泊和等速航行状态下舰载飞行器的初始对准问题.     

Existence of oscillatory solutions in longitudinal flight dynamics

By means of coincidence degree theory and Mawhin's continuation theorem, a theoretical proof is given for the existence of oscillatory solutions of the simplified dynamical system which governs the motion around the center of mass in a longitudinal flight with constant forward velocity of a rigid aircraft, when the automatic flight control system is decoupled.     

Heat transfer simulation in a helically coiled tube steam generator

A symmetric helically coiled tube steam generator that operates by methane has been simulated analytically and numerically. In the analytical method, the furnace has been divided into five zones. The numerical method computes the total heat absorbed in the furnace, while the existing analytical methods compute only the radiation heat transfer. In addition, according to the numerical results, a correlation is proposed for the Nusselt number in the furnace.     

Geometric control formulation and nonlinear controllability of airplane flight dynamics

Nonlinear Dynamics - Linear controllability conditions for linearized systems are not necessary. That is, there exists a class of nonlinear systems that are linearly uncontrollable but nonlinearly...     

多渐消因子卡尔曼滤波及其在SINS初始对准中的应用

针对卡尔曼滤波在系统模型失配和未知干扰情况下鲁棒性差的特点,对于一类线性模型提出了多渐消因子卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法利用卡尔曼滤波取得最佳增益时残差序列互不相关的性质,可以在线自适应地调整多个渐消因子,从而对多个数据通道进行渐消,即使当滤波达到稳态时仍然可以调整滤波增益,使得该算法对模型失配和未知干扰有较强的鲁棒性。将该算法用于噪声统计不准确的SINS初始对准,数值仿真表明,当系统模型存在不准确情况时,新方法对航向误差角的估计精度较单渐消因子卡尔曼滤波和常规卡尔曼滤波分别提高了70%和43%,证明了该算法的有效性。     

基于深组合应用的GPS接收机设计

为了能在GPS接收机的基带信号处理部分引入SINS的辅助信息,并且灵活进行接收机的参数设定和加载新的信号处理算法,提出了一种基于FPGA/DSP平台的GPS接收机设计。用Xilinx的Spartan 3E-1600完成RF数据的采集和AGC控制,对采集数据进行相干累加计算;用TI公司TMS320系列的VC6727完成基带信号处理和PVT解算。同时,基于对低价、小尺寸的考虑,RF前端用分立元件进行设计。该接收机尺寸小,功耗低,参数控制灵活,有较好的通用性和兼容性,并且提高了动态性能和抗干扰能力。     

不同晶型CL-20热分解反应机理计算分析

基于反应力场,采用NPT、NVT系综和Berendsen方法,对ε-、β-和γ-CL-20超晶胞在不同温度下的热分解反应过程进行分子动力学计算。结果表明：3种晶型CL-20的初始分解路径均是五元环和六元环中的N-NO₂键断裂生成·NO₂自由基,生成的主产物包括N₂、H₂O、CO、CO₂、NO₂、NO₃、HNO₂、HNO₃、N₂O₅、N₂O₂和NO等。相同晶型的CL-20发生热分解生成的主产物的反应速率常数随温度的升高而增大。