核磁共振中多量子相干扩散行为的理论表述和计算机模拟

改进了Warren所提出的CRAZED脉冲序列以研究分子间多量子相干的扩散过程 ,讨论了利用核磁共振测量分子内和分子间多量子相干表观自扩散系数的理论表述 ,采用粒子的随机行走模型模拟其扩散行为 .在短脉冲近似和长脉冲梯度场两种实验条件下 ,分别获得了因扩散引起的不同相干阶数的相对信号衰减强度随梯度场脉冲间隔时间的变化曲线 ,由此得到分子内多量子相干和分子间多量子相干的表观扩散率与溶液分子扩散系数的关系 .还将计算机模拟结果与理论预测进行分析和比较 ,发现二者能很好地吻合 .研究结果表明 ,分子间多量子相干的表观扩散率与常规的分子内多量子相干的表观扩散率明显不同 ,因此 ,分子间多量子相干的表观扩散率可能提供一种新的核磁共振成像的对比度机理     

用脉冲光声技术测量吸收系数

建立了由YAG激光器和超声探测器组成的利用脉冲光声技术测量样品吸收系数的实验系统,通过对测量的光声信号的拟合,可以计算出样品的吸收系数.用染色的琼脂进行了实验验证,测量误差为-5.2%～4.8%.     

用毛细管成像法测量液相扩散系数——等折射率薄层测量方法

本文提出了一种测量液相扩散系数的新方法. 该方法用透明毛细管构成液相扩散池, 利用毛细管成像法特有的折射率空间分辨测量能力, 通过直接观察和记录扩散介质的等折射率薄层在毛细管中的移动规律, 基于扩散过程遵循的Fick第二定律计算出液相扩散系数. 在25 ℃下研究了丙三醇和纯水间的扩散过程, 扩散系数的测量值与全息干涉法的文献报道值之间的相对误差为4.47%, 论文同时分析了折射率测量精度和毛细管管壁黏滞力对扩散系数的影响. 用毛细管成像法测量液相扩散系数具有样品需要量少、测量速度快、系统稳定性好的特点, 为快速测定微量样品的扩散系数提供了一种有效的新方法. 关键词： 扩散系数 液体折射率 毛细管成像法     

以q空间法研究水分子在水晶体中之扩散及其结构

在核磁共振中的脉冲梯度自旋回响法(pulsed gradient spin echo,PGSE)常用来测量溶液中分子或离子的扩散现象,近年来利用PGSE q空间法对多孔隙物质的系统扩散研究。观察到类似绕射效应,在此工作中我们尝试以q空间法直接观察眼球水晶体中的纤维细胞组织和水分子扩散间的关系,实验结果显示,从类似绕射纹图可了解纤维细胞蜂巢式排列结构。     

磁泡的动态测量

前 言 磁泡材料的畴壁迁移率和磁泡状态的测定是磁泡动态测量的两个重要内容.早先的阶梯函数响应法[1]和磁泡破灭法[2]虽然都能测量畴壁迁移率μω,但用作常规测试都不理想,并且都不能用来确定磁泡的状态. 本文所介绍的脉冲梯度场磁泡传输法[3],直接测量孤立磁泡在脉冲梯度场中的运动速度,从而测得迁移率.同时又从磁泡的运动方向确定磁泡的状态,方法简便,原理直观,所以这个方法被广泛地应用于常规测试和基础研究. 一、测量原理 1.用脉冲梯度场磁泡传输法测迁移率μω。 在梯度为　H的不均匀偏场中,磁泡将受力而沿-　H的方向运动.磁泡速度V…     

脉冲梯度场NMR实验中的弛豫和辐射阻尼效应

使用梯度脉冲压制水峰已广泛地应用于生物样品的NMR实验,一个选择性90°脉冲接一个纵向的散相梯度脉冲破预期能得到好的去水峰效果,然而基于下面的三方面的原因,梯度脉冲去水峰的效果受到了限制,其一是梯度散相的动力学过程表明总磁化强度的衰减是需要时间的,其二是纵向弛豫T₁机制在梯度脉冲作用过程中不可避免,其三是辐射阻尼效应力图将磁化强度推向z方向.在本文中我们定量地分析了这三种机制在压水峰过程中的作用.     

固体中半整数四极核的自旋扩散

首先介绍固态中自旋扩散的一般理论，包括半经典描述和建立在投影算子理论上的密度矩阵描述. 接着以丰核环境中相互偶合的自旋-1/2系统以及自旋-3/2系统为典型列举了自旋扩散速率的计算. 最近藉助多量子魔角旋转(MQMAS)方法实现半整数四极核的多量子谱自旋扩散实验，可以测量固体粉末中半整数四极核体系四极张量相对方向. 结合作者最近的计算机模拟和实验测量结果对这一新兴方向作了重点介绍，尤其指出了射频
脉冲强度、宽度及样品旋转速度对交叉峰线型的影响.     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络和图像熵的各向异性扩散模型研究

在图像去噪过程中, 大部分基于偏微分方程的各向异性扩散模型均使用梯度信息检测边缘, 当边缘部分被噪声严重污染时, 这些方法不能有效检测出这些边缘, 因而无法保留边缘特征. 为了较完整的保留图像的区域信息, 用脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)能使具有相似输入的神经元同时产生脉冲的性质对噪声图像做处理, 得到图像熵序列, 并将图像熵序列作为边缘检测算子引入到扩散方程中, 不仅能克服仅用梯度作为边缘检测算子易受噪声影响的弊端, 而且能较完整地保留图像的区域信息. 然后, 用最小交叉熵准则搜索使去噪前后图像信息量差异最小的阈值, 设计最佳阈值控制扩散强度, 建立基于脉冲耦合神经网络与图像熵改进的各向异性扩散模型(PCNN-IEAD). 分析与仿真结果表明, 该模型与经典模型相比, 保留了更多的图像信息, 能够兼顾去除图像的噪声和保护图像的边缘纹理等细节信息, 较完整的保留了图像的区域信息, 性能指标同样也证实了新模型的优越性. 另外, 该模型的运行时间较经典模型的短, 因此, 该模型是一个理想的模型.     

用修正三梯度法测量强流脉冲束时间分辨发射度

三梯度法是加速器发射度测量的一种常用方法,但在低能强流的加速器上,由于空间电荷效应很显著,常规的三梯度方法不再适用.修正三梯度法是常规三梯度法考虑空间电荷效应后的改进,本文描述了修正三梯度法用于强流脉冲电子束发射度测量的理论依据,介绍了修正三梯度方法的实验方案.在35MeV,26kA,～100ns和18MeV,26kA,～100ns的两种强流脉冲电子束进行了发射度的实际测量.文中给出了在两种电子束上分别获得的实验结果和误差分析.实验结果表明,修正三梯度方法是强流脉冲电子束发射度测量的一种有效的手段.     

脉冲梯度增强技术的初步研究

自行研制一套脉冲梯度场系统,配合Bruker公司MSL 300谱仪研究脉冲梯度增强的高分辨核磁共振,研制以PC/286为核心的梯度脉冲波形和幅度可任意调节的梯度场发生器;改装谱仪的¹H液体探头、增加梯度场线图.分析了脉冲梯度场产生的涡流磁场的影响;报道了利用自制梯度场系统进行的脉冲梯度增强的高分辨COSY实验.     

基于高温超导SQUID的低场核磁共振研究

采用一高温超导射频量子干涉器(HTS rf-SQUID)作为信号探测器件,研究了多种液体样品的低场核磁共振信号。通过改变测量场(简称Bm)的大小,可以探测到质子拉莫频率(简称fL)从2Hz到40kHz的信号。由于在低场核磁共振中,Bm的均匀性能很好的得到满足,因而可能得到很窄的谱线宽度。实验发现,对自来水样品,在7μT以下均可接近谱线的自然宽度。同时,在低场核磁共振条件下,样品的化学位移很小以至于消失,因而可以研究"纯"的异核间的自旋耦合谱。作者研究了低场下2,2,2-三氟乙醇的低场自旋耦合谱。另外,作者首次采用SQUID在户外探测到地球磁场下的核磁共振现象,并研究了地球磁场的涨落对测量的影响,为SQUID的低场核磁共振研究开辟了一个新的研究方向。     

Ultra-low field NMR measurements of liquids and gases with short relaxation times

Interest in nuclear magnetic resonance measurements at ultra-low magnetic fields (ULF, approximately microT fields) has been motivated by various benefits and novel applications including narrow NMR peak-width, negligible susceptibility artifacts, imaging of samples inside metal containers, and possibility of directly imaging neuronal currents. ULF NMR/MRI is also compatible with simultaneous measurements of biomagnetic signals. However the most widely used technique in ULF NMR-prepolarization at high field and measurement at lower field-results in large transient signals which distort the free induction decay signal. This is especially severe for the measurement of signals from samples and materials with short T1 time. We have devised an approach that largely cancels the transient signals. The technique was successfully used to measure NMR signals from liquids and gases with T1 in the range 1-4 ms.     

Study of NMR porosity for terrestrial formation in China

NMR logging is an effective method for porosity measurement. NMR-derived porosity only comes from the pore fluid and is, in principle, not affected by rock matrix. However, it is found that the difference between NMR-derived and conventional log-derived porosities is often between 2 to 6 pu, which is unacceptable, in terrestrial formation in China. In the paper, the theory of NMR porosity was reviewed. The influence factors on NMR porosity error were analyzed based on NMR core measurements. More than 30 core samples with a wide range of porosities including sandstone, limestone and artificial ceramic were chosen for the conventional and NMR porosity measurements. The current NMR data acquisition method was studied based on laboratory NMR core measurements and found to be not good for terrestrial formation. A new NMR data acquisition method suiting for terrestrial formation in China was proposed and much improved the accuracy of NMR porosity measurement. It is suggested that the analysis of core samples from different regions should be carried out before logging in order to obtain accurate NMR porosity.     

Enhanced NMR signal from the laser-polarized129Xe produced by spin exchange at a high magnetic field

Nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurement of laser-polarized gaseous¹²⁹Xe produced by spin-exchange optical pumping with a narrow-linewidth laser at a high magnetic field of 4.7 T is reported. The samples are contained in the glass tubes. The nuclear spin polarization of the laserpolarized¹²⁹Xe is 3.9%, and this corresponds to an enhancement of 9· 10³ compared to the equilibrium value at 311 K and at the same magnetic field. The laser-enhanced¹²⁹Xe NMR signals can be used in MR imaging.     

Measurement of magnetic susceptibility and calculation of shape factor of NMR samples

A method for accurate measurement of magnetic susceptibility and determination of the shape factor in an NMR tube is shown. The combination of accurate shape factor determination with susceptibility measurement leads to improved accuracy when measuring chemical shift. This is important for comparing samples in different solvents or under different conditions, such as temperature, solvent, and pH.     

Improved Halbach sensor for NMR scanning of drill cores

A lightweight Halbach magnet system for use in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on drill cores was designed and built. It features an improved homogeneous magnetic field with a strength of 0.22 T and a maximum accessible sensitive volume. Additionally, it is furnished with a sliding table for automatic scans of cylindrical samples. This device is optimized for nondestructive online measurements of porosity and pore size distributions of water-saturated full cylindrical and split semicylindrical drill cores of different diameters. The porosity of core plugs with diameters from 20 to 80 mm can be measured routinely using exchangeable radiofrequency coils. Advanced NMR techniques that provide 2D T(1)-T(2) correlations with an average measurement time of 30 min and permeability estimates can be performed with a special insert suitable for small core plugs with diameter and length of 20 mm.     

Compensation of Magnetic Field Instabilities in Field Cycling NMR by Reference Deconvolution

Performing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment in an unstable magnetic field causes fluctuations in the NMR frequency, leading to a loss of reproducibility and an effective shortening of the free induction decay after data averaging. Reference deconvolution allows the compensation of field fluctuations via simultaneous measurement of an internal or external reference signal. The technique was applied to compensate the effect of field fluctuations in a resistive electromagnet used for fast field cycling NMR. An external sample was chosen as the reference.     

三能级体系的Z回波核磁共振粉末谱

本文提出一个Z回波核磁共振(NMR)脉冲序列,可以获得三能级体系的纯偶极或纯四极谱。Z回波NMR谱不仅与化学位移各向异性无关,而且在强射频场条件下,与射频场非均匀性无关。该方法明显优于章动NMR技术。以上结论经过理论分析和实验结果的验证。 关键词：     

Field sweep broadline NMR spectroscopy

A novel NMR spectrometer is described that is uniquely versatile in its ability to accurately record broad lines by sweeping the superconducting magnetic field and to perform standard high resolution solid state NMR experiments. Broadline observation is illustrated by ²⁷Al spectra from static samples. Such an instrument opens up many nuclei for serious study by NMR in the solid state for the first time.     

NMR Relaxometer–Spectrometer with Continuous Generation of the HF Field for Studying Biological Objects

A compact nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometer–spectrometer with the continuous generation of the high-frequency energy and double magnetic field modulation has been designed for studying biological objects. Spin–lattice relaxation times and second-derivative spectra of the NMR signals have been measured. The relationship between the shape of the spectrum and the spin–lattice relaxation time has been established. This device is supposed to be used for the noninvasive measurement of the glucose concentration in the human blood from the measurement of the spin–lattice relaxation time and the NMR spectrum in a finger of a human hand.