催化分光光度法测定油品及催化剂中的痕量钒

1 引言 张改兰、张振辉利用钒(V)在乙酸介质中于100℃下能催化溴酸钾氧化铬蓝黑R褪色,而建立了测定钒的最灵敏的催化分光光度法,其Sandell灵敏度为7.27×10~(-8)μg/cm~2。我们发现ng数量级的钒能在室温下催化上述反应,且共存物质的干扰限大幅度升高,提高了方法的选择性,简化了操作,能满足石油加工工业对分析钒的要求。本文考察了室温下催化反应的条件及12种离子的干扰情况,成功地将该法应用于石油产品及催化剂中痕量钒的测定。测定范围为0.3～6ng/25ml,检测限为0.3ng/25ml。用0.1g样品能检测到3.0ppb钒。     

钒渣中钒和钛的连续滴定

不管用富氧顶吹、底吹、侧吹和雾化处理含钒铁水,均可得到不同品位V_2O_5的钒渣,测定钒渣中钒和钛系常规分析。过去测定其中的钛,国内外文献报道几乎全部采用分离除钒的手段,以消除钒对测定钛的干扰。作者所拟定的快速测定钒渣中钒、铁和钛的方法,尤其是不分离钒直接测定钒渣中钛的方法。虽经使用多年效果甚好,但工作要求我们寻求钒钛连测的途径。我们将测定钒后的溶液中,以还原铁粉将钛(Ⅳ)还原至钛(Ⅲ),控制钒为四价,中性红为指示剂,以重铬酸钾为滴定剂,拟定了钒渣中钒和钛的连续滴定法。本法适于含V_2O_5 10—36％的钒渣分析。方法简便、快速、条件宽容。一、分析步骤 1.钒渣中钒的测定称0.2000g试样于500mL锥形瓶中,加热溶于15—20mL磷酸中,冷却,加100mL15％硫酸,2—3g过硫酸铵,煮沸除去多余     

催化光度法测定痕量钒——钒（V）-溴甲酚紫-过氧化氢体系

催化光度法测定钒已有报道[1~3],在0.45 mol·L-1磷酸介质及加热条件下,过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应非常缓慢,而痕量钒对此反应具有较高的催化活性,且在一定浓度范围内,钒量与褪色反应程度呈线性关系,据此可建立测定痕量钒的方法。方法的检出限为1.9×10-6g·L-1,测定范围为0·003~1.8 mg·L-1。方法操作简便,重现性好,用于钢样中痕量钒的测定,结果满意。1试验部分1.1仪器与试剂721型分光光度计LB801-2型超级恒温器钒(Ⅴ)标准溶液:1.000 0 g·L-1,称取偏钒酸铵0.229 7 g溶于热水中,冷却,定容于100 mL容量瓶中。溴甲酚紫(用R表示)溶液:…     

钒(Ⅴ)抑制过氧化氢氧化5-Cl-PADAT 褪色反应光度法研究及应用

在pH 1.7的柠檬酸盐缓冲介质中,在沸水浴中加热10 min痕量钒(Ⅴ)使5-Cl-PA-DAT被过氧化氢氧化而褪色的反应受到抑止.在此反应体系中加入钒(Ⅴ)及不加钒(Ⅴ)在其吸收峰460 nm处所测得的吸光度A及A0的差值△A与钒(Ⅴ)浓度在0～91.8 ng/25 mL范围内呈线性关系.检出限为7.19×10-9g·L-1.常见的共存离子不干扰钒(Ⅴ)的光度测定.研究了反应的动力学参数,给出在不同钒(Ⅴ)及过氧化氢浓度的下的反应速率常数.用作图积分法处理试验结果,证明无论是5-Cl-PADAT与过氧化氢及钒(Ⅴ)的反应或5-Cl-PADAT与过氧化氢的反应均属零级反应.两反应的表观活化能依次为82.1及61.6 kJ·mol-1.反应最佳温度条件为100℃,反应已应用于血样及茶叶中痕量钒的测定;RSD在1.8%～2.6%之间,回收率在98.1%～105.0%之间.     

V-P-O/SiO_2催化剂上苯氧化的ESR研究

用浸渍法制备组成通式为(V_2O_5)_(20)(P_2O_5)_2(SiO_2)_(100)(0相似文献   

库仑滴定剂醌

将氢醌在0.5-10N硫酸介质及鉑阳极上电解产生醌可以作为库仑滴定剂。氢醌氧化的电流-电极电势曲线说明电流效率易接近100%,实验也证明此点。用电生醌分别进行毫克量亚钛和二价钒的库仑滴定,误差为千分之几。用小型锌汞齐还原器可将四价或五价钒定量还原到二价,迅速方便。铬、鉬干扰钒的测定,而锰、钛不干扰。     

催化光度法测定痕量钒——钒(Ⅴ)-溴甲酚紫-过氧化氢体系

催化光度法测定钒已有报道[1～3],在0.45 mol·L-1磷酸介质及加热条件下,过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应非常缓慢,而痕量钒对此反应具有较高的催化活性,且在一定浓度范围内,钒量与褪色反应程度呈线性关系,据此可建立测定痕量钒的方法.方法的检出限为1.9×10-6g·L-1,测定范围为0.003～1.8 mg·L-1.方法操作简便,重现性好,用于钢样中痕量钒的测定,结果满意.     

催化动力学光度法测定水中痕量钒

基于在H3PO4介质中, 抗坏血酸作活化剂, 100 ℃沸水浴加热的条件下, 痕量钒V(Ⅴ)催化溴酸钾氧化三溴偶氮氯膦(TB-chorophosphonazo)的褪色反应, 建立了新的测定超痕量钒的催化光度法. 该方法对钒测定范围是0～1.0 ng/mL, 检出限为0.133 ng/mL. 实验考察了影响催化反应速率的各种因素, 确定了最佳的实验条件. 实验测定了反应的动力学参数: 表观活化能Ea'=93.80 kJ/mol, 表观速率常数为k'=1.307×10-3 s-1, 建立了催化反应动力学方程. 方法灵敏度高, 选择性好, 直接用于环境水体中痕量钒的测定.     

微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定原油中的钒

采用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定原油中的钒。详细考察了分析谱线、载气流量、工作气流量、氧屏蔽气流量和微波功率对钒发射强度的影响。实验结果表明:在分析谱线289.332nm,微波功率90W,载气流量1350m L·min-1,工作气流量650m L·min-1条件下,测得钒的检出限为56.2ng·m L-1,钒含量在0~100μg·m L-1范围符合线性关系。对原油中常见的共存元素影响进行考察,3倍的铜,10倍的镁、铁对钒的测定无影响;1倍的钙、镍、钠、锌、锰干扰钒的测定。测试体系对乙二胺四乙酸二钠有一定的允许量,适量的乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液可大幅度提高共存元素的允许量。原油中钒测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于4.1%,加标回收实验的回收率为95.6%~104.3%。     

火花直读光谱法测定铝及铝合金中的钒含量

通过对测定条件的优化,采用高钒系列标准样品建立分析程序,完成类型标准化,校验后再进行测定,建立了火花直读光谱法对铝及铝合金中的钒含量进行测定的方法。选用E2235高钒标准样品进行标准化,所得测定值与标准值基本一致,相对标准偏差为2.9%(n=8)。结果表明,当测定元素含量不超过0.020%时,方法准确、可靠,适合于铝及铝合金中微量钒含量的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。