Analysis of Wavelength-Routed Optical Burst-Switched Network Performance

This paper studies a novel scalable network architecture combining optical burst switching (OBS) with dynamic wavelength allocation to guarantee quality of service (QoS), forming a wavelength-routed optical burst-switched network. All processing and buffering functions are concentrated at the network edge and bursts are assigned to fast tuneable lasers and routed over a bufferless optical transport core using dynamic wavelength assignment. Different burst aggregation mechanisms are evaluated for a range of traffic statistics in terms of delay and packet loss rate. New network performance parameters in an analytical model quantify the advantages of dynamic wavelength allocation. The results define the operational gain achievable with dynamic wavelength assignment compared to quasi-static wavelength routed optical networks.     

OBS网络中基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制

为了有效地降低突发包的丢失率和保证OBS网络中不同优先级业务的服务质量,提出了一种基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制.当冲突发生时,首先基于突发包的优先级进行"竞争突发包头部分割或者原突发包尾部分割"处理;无冲突部分直接在事先预留的输出数据信道上处理,冲突部分的分割突发包根据参数可调的偏射路由机制被偏射到最佳偏射路径上.仿真结果表明,该机制能够有效地降低整个网络的丢包率和端到端的延时,并且得到高优先级突发包的丢失率和延时低于低优先级突发包.由此可知,基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制能够有效地解决突发包的冲突问题,从而提高整个OBS网络的性能.     

有优先权的光突发交换中光缓存的性能分析

分析了配置有限数量光纤时延线(FDLs)和优先权机制的光突发交换(pOBS)网络性能,建立了pOBS的网络模型和排队模型;并以模型为基础,比较了各级别数据包的排队等延时与FDLs单位、负荷强度比例的关系;比较了有和无FDLs时,包丢失率与FDLs单位、FDLs深度、系统负荷强度以及波长数的关系.研究发现;高优先级数据包的平均延时远小于其它数据包,负荷强度越大平均延时也越大,高优先级数据包的比例越大则低优先级数据包的延时越大且丢失率越高,加入有限数量和适当深度的FDLs、减小FDLs最小单位、增加波长数都能减小数据包的平均排队延时和丢失率.     

Analysis of burst/packet assembly techniques in high-speed optical switching network

In the Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Network, the burst assembly technique is one of the challenging issues in the implementation of the system. It has the influence on the burst characteristic, which gives an impact on the network performance. Burst assembly is the process of assembling incoming data from the higher layer into bursts at the ingress edge node of the OBS network. The burst assembly mechanism must then place these packets into bursts based on some assembly policy. In this paper, the OBS system performance has been observed in simulated 12-node network based on Just-Enough-Time (JET) reservation protocol with various burst assembly techniques under the standard drop policy (DP) and the segmentation policy for contention resolution. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed Adaptive-Threshold with Fixed Maximum Time Limitation (ATH-FMTL) burst assembly scheme is better than conventional burst assembly schemes in terms of loss probability and average assembly delay. Also, the proposed scheme avoids a sudden increase in the burst size and makes the burst sent out smoother as compared to conventional schemes.     

An adaptive reservation scheme for optical network

In this paper, the various Optical Burst Switching (OBS) reservation schemes have been examined in order to reduce data loss caused by either channel scheduling or resources. A novel multi-service OBS edge node with synchronized bandwidth reservation mechanism (SRM) has been proposed, which enables high-speed network transport nodes to dynamically reserve bandwidth needed for active data burst flows. The performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated by means of NS-2 simulation. The results show that the packet delay is kept within the constraint for each traffic flow and the performance metrics such as burst loss rate, throughput and fairness are remarkably improved.     

Performance of OCDM/WDM Optical Packet Switches with DPSK-OCDM modulation system

The performance of a Differential-Phase-Shift-Keying Optical Code-Division Multiplexing (DPSK-OCDM) system with balanced detection is investigated in the case in which Gold codes are used. Allowing more optical codes to be supported, the performance in Packet Loss Probability of a DPSK-OCDM Optical Packet Switch, using both code and wavelength domains to solve output packet contentions, may be increased. In the proposed case study the increase is of three orders of magnitude when the offered traffic is 0.7.     

OPS网络中SOA交换矩阵的串扰研究

通过对光开关和节点流量进行建模,利用新颖的等效串扰系数法,研究了基于XGM效应的SOA开关矩阵在OPS网络中的串扰问题.分析了SOA的各种参量以及节点流量特性对开关隔离度、节点中由串扰造成的误码率以及节点级联能力的影响.提出了优化SOA交换矩阵的具体措施,包括提高SOA的载流子寿命、控制脉冲能量和节点中流量的单播特性,以及降低SOA的饱和能量和有源区长度等.     

OBS网络中一种基于优先级和门限的偏射路由算法

为了解决偏射算法在偏射控制上的问题,提出了一种基于优先级和门限的偏射路由算法.该算法采用丢弃少量偏射的高优先级分割突发数据包来保证偏射路由上低优先级非偏射突发数据包的QoS.当冲突发生时,分割偏射优先级低的突发数据包,从而保护高优先级突发数据包|在偏射路由上,通过启用偏射检测函数来判断是允许偏射的分割突发数据包抢占资源或是丢弃偏射的分割突发数据包.仿真结果表明,虽然该算法增加了少量的端到端的传输时延,但这种算法可以很好地控制偏射突发对网络偏射路由上正常流量的影响,并且能够有效地降低整个网络的丢包率,很好地保护高优先级突发数据包的完整性.故这种方法能够有效地提高OBS网络的性能.     

基于柔性电路板单纤双向光纤组件的以太无源光网络单元研制(英文)

随着宽带接入技术的发展,以太无源光网络是光纤到户的一种备选方案.而光网络单元数量众多,其成本成为限制以太无源光网络技术实施的重要影响因素.本文提出了一种低成本以太无源光网络单元实现方式:采用带柔性电路板的单纤双向光纤组件直接安装在光网络单元的电路板上.为了验证弯曲柔性电路板的高速性能没有恶化,采用有限元方法仿真了弯曲柔性电路板的小信号响应.由于该方式没有独立的光收发模块,无法采用比特误码分析仪进行测试,因此提出了采用网络测试仪搭建光网络单元的光信号性能测试系统的方案并实现了对光信号的性能测试.结果表明:对于发射机,在0℃~70℃的范围内得到了超过10dB的消光比和1dBm的平均发射功率;对于接收机,估算灵敏度为-27dBm.     

波长转换器和光纤延迟线在WDM光分组交换中的结构设计和性能研究

介绍了两种新颖的光分组交换结构——MOD1和MOD2,用于解决分组冲突问题.其特点在于,MOD1共享了一组非简并的延迟线,而MOD2则是共享了一组简并的延迟线和波长转换器.研究表明,对于非突发业务,两种结构都只需要少量的延迟线即可获得理想的性能.此时,MOD1比MOD2更加能降低系统体积和成本.而对于突发业务,如果MOD1所共享的延迟线数量和MOD2所共享的延迟线和转换器的总数量相等,MOD2的分组丢弃率要远远低于MOD1.随着业务突发程度的增加,MOD2中的转换器数量也需要增加才能维持给定的分组丢弃率,但即使业务突发程度很高,MOD2在体积、成本和性能等三方面均可取得较理想的折衷.     

光突发与光电路混合交换边缘节点的设计与实现

提出了一种将光电路交换和光突发交换融合于同一网络的边缘节点设计方案.根据此方案,网络边缘节点能根据业务需求灵活选择交换方式.该方案在实际实验系统中进行了验证.结果表明,采用光电路交换方式,网络传输速率相对较快,而采用光突发交换方式,网络的带宽利用率更好.这两种交换方式共存于同一网络,一定程度上能提高网络的灵活性和适应性.     

TCP在光突发交换试验网络中性能的实验研究

在光突发交换试验网络中对TCP的性能进行了实验研究.首先研究了丢包对网络性能的影响,表明突发包丢失将导致TCP吞吐量的快速下降,并且丢包率越高,可用的TCP传输带宽越窄.然后分别详细研究了OBS试验网络中的延时损伤和报文段关联增益,以及对TCP传输性能的影响.最后综合考虑这些因素.实验结果表明,在本OBS试验网络中存在一个不随丢包率变化的最优化突发包组装时间250us使得可用TCP带宽最大化.为了最大限度地提高TCP的传输性能,组包时间应该选择等于或稍大于这个最优值.     

一种混合WDMA-OCDMA系统归一化吞吐量性能研究

理论分析了一种混合WDMA-OCDMA系统的归一化吞吐量性能.研究了光差拍噪声对系统归一化吞吐量性能的影响.提出了BCH信道编码的方案来改善系统性能.结果表明,当系统负载较轻时,归一化吞吐量略微下降;但当系统负载中等或较重时,归一化吞吐量明显提高.同时,BCH信道编码提高了WDMA-OCDMA系统的归一化吞吐量峰值.     

智能光网络中一种新型的分布式恢复方法

提出了一种基于固定备用路由和目的端触发的智能光网络中的分布式恢复方法,所选择的任一对源端节点和目的的端节点之间的固定备用路由包括该节点对之间的k条最短路径路由和基于部分链路无关的路由.目的端节点一旦探测到业务通道的失效将立即启动恢复进程,根据网络当前的资源使用情况,在这些备用路由中按照一定的次序选择一条恢复路由并为此分配一条可用的波长(对于没有波长变换器的光网络),然后将恢复通道的建立请求消息发送给该恢复通道的相关节点,这些相关节点可以锁定相关的网络资源,以避免来自其他恢复通道的竞争.所提出的算法增加了固定备用路由的数量,从仿真结果可以看出,该方法明显改善了失效连接的阻塞性能.     

Enhancement of Node-Induced Crosstalk by Nonlinear Effects in Nonzero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber Rings with Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers

Wavelength division multiplexed metropolitan networks have been attracting increasing attention in the networking research community. We discuss an issue that is pertinent to node design and transmission systems in these networks. The problem of node-induced crosstalk and its interaction with fiber nonlinearities is investigated. In this respect, we consider transmission systems that are based on nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber rings with simple optical add/drop multiplexing nodes. The system power penalty due to the crosstalk/nonlinear interaction phenomenon is calculated for several cases. Dependence of this penalty on the frequency difference between signal and crosstalk carriers, input-signal power, and extinction ratio is investigated. It is shown that the design of regional and metropolitan networks or links with physical spans in excess of 200 km has to take this crosstalk/nonlinear interaction phenomenon into consideration.     

基于正交频分复用无源光网络的动态带宽分配算法研究

介绍了一种应用于未来大容量、多业务接入场景下的称为光正交频分复用无源光网络的下一代接入网技术,并提出了一种基于此结构的称为基于服务质量需求的固定周期流水线轮询动态带宽分配算法.该算法通过应用二级带宽分配机制、带宽预申请机制和最小带宽申请优先原则等方法,有效地保障了在大容量、多业务接入场景下各个业务不同的服务质量需求.为研究其性能,建立了该算法的仿真模型并进行了对比仿真.仿真结果显示该算法以低时延和低抖动有效地支持快速转发业务,同时平衡了确保转发业务和尽力而为业务之间的优先性和相对公平性,并且实现了不同光网络单元间的同优先级业务带宽分配的公平性.与传统的动态带宽分配算法算法相比,基于服务质量需求的固定周期流水线轮询动态带宽分配算法具有执行效率高、算法复杂度低、性能良好等优点,并且能够更好地适应光正交频分复用无源光网络的特性,发挥网络最大的性能.     

基于正交频分复用无源光网络的动态带宽分配算法研究

介绍了一种应用于未来大容量、多业务接入场景下的称为光正交频分复用无源光网络的下一代接入网技术,并提出了一种基于此结构的称为基于服务质量需求的固定周期流水线轮询动态带宽分配算法.该算法通过应用二级带宽分配机制、带宽预申请机制和最小带宽申请优先原则等方法,有效地保障了在大容量、多业务接入场景下各个业务不同的服务质量需求.为...     

一种新型结构光交叉连接节点及其联网性能分析

通过对常见光交叉连接器(OXC)的改进,提出了一种具有有限波长转换能力的内部光交叉连接节点(L-WIXC),既具备冲突消解能力又降低成本.采用算法编程方法,分析比较了L-WIXC和其他两种现有OXC结构,以及基于不同信令协议的L-WIXC的拥塞性能,结果表明L-WIXC具有较低的拥塞概率,并且基于JET协议的L-WIX...     

Performance enhancement of optical burst switched networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is an optical switching paradigm which offers a good tradeoff between the traditional optical circuit switching (OCS) and optical packet switching (OPS) since it has the relatively easy implementation of the first and the efficient bandwidth utilization of the second. Hence, OBS is a promising technology for the next generation optical Internet. A buffer-less OBS network can be implemented using ordinary optical communication equipment without the need for either wavelength converters or optical memories. In an OBS network, burst-loss performance is a critical concern. In OBS, the data-burst transmission is delayed by an offset time (relative to its burst control packet (BCP), or header) and the burst follows its header without waiting for an acknowledgment for resource reservation. Thus, a burst may be lost at an intermediate node due to contention, which is generally resolved according to the local routing and bandwidth information. The routing table maintained in each OBS node is generally pre-computed and fixed to forward the data bursts. Such a static forwarding feature might have limited efficiency to resolve contentions. Moreover, a burst may be lost and the network may be congested when a network element (e.g., fiber link) fails. In this paper, an efficient integrated scheme based on dynamic routing and burst segmentation has been proposed to improve reliability of data transport and network load balancing in optical burst switched networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces effectively blocking probability and hence contention. Further, it provides end-to-end throughput performance also. Hence, it establishes an appropriate tradeoff between loss rate and end-to-end throughput.