SONET-Framed Optical Packet Networking in the Context of Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching

This article discusses the evolution of Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) towards support for shared packet media, particularly in light of new developments in the control plane, such as Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) and the (UNI) specification. Whereas the current SONET network is largely static and circuitcentered, and typically supports DS-1 and DS-3-level granularities, the emerging packet-centric, GMPLS-controlled optical network will be significantly more dynamic, and characterized by concatenated or virtually concatenated payloads such as STS-3c/12c/48c/192c, and, possibly, STS-1-24v (i.e., 'STS-24c'). In this environment, it will be shown that the differences between such packet-centric SONET networks and 'IP over Optical' network architectures begin to disappear.     

采用OFDM信号作为标记的光分组交换方案

以光正交频分复用信号作为光标记,利用两个不同波长的光载波分别经过强度调制,产生了10 Gb/sOOK光载荷和2.5 Gb/sOFDM光标记。测得了光分组信号经光纤传输前后接收载荷的眼图和标记的星座图以及误码率曲线,结果表明:经过40 km光纤传输后,载荷与标记的功率代价分别为1dB和0.5dB。     

OPS网络中SOA交换矩阵的串扰研究

通过对光开关和节点流量进行建模,利用新颖的等效串扰系数法,研究了基于XGM效应的SOA开关矩阵在OPS网络中的串扰问题.分析了SOA的各种参量以及节点流量特性对开关隔离度、节点中由串扰造成的误码率以及节点级联能力的影响.提出了优化SOA交换矩阵的具体措施,包括提高SOA的载流子寿命、控制脉冲能量和节点中流量的单播特性,以及降低SOA的饱和能量和有源区长度等.     

光突发交换边缘路由器性能分析

本文详细分析了各种因素对光突发交换边缘路由器的性能的影响.结果显示,不同服务等级的时延要求可以通过控制组装的最大时延得以保证;不同等级数据包长的大范围变动会导致信道分配的不公平性;边缘节点越多,丢包率越高;在总输出容量一定的情况下,增加输出数据信道数可以在获得低的丢包率的同时达到较高的通道利用率,但随着边缘节点数的增加,增加输出信道数对丢包率的改善作用下降.     

OBS网络中基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制

为了有效地降低突发包的丢失率和保证OBS网络中不同优先级业务的服务质量,提出了一种基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制.当冲突发生时,首先基于突发包的优先级进行"竞争突发包头部分割或者原突发包尾部分割"处理;无冲突部分直接在事先预留的输出数据信道上处理,冲突部分的分割突发包根据参数可调的偏射路由机制被偏射到最佳偏射路径上.仿真结果表明,该机制能够有效地降低整个网络的丢包率和端到端的延时,并且得到高优先级突发包的丢失率和延时低于低优先级突发包.由此可知,基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制能够有效地解决突发包的冲突问题,从而提高整个OBS网络的性能.     

Driving Innovation in Optical Networking: 30 Years of Research and Development Results from Circuit to Packet Transport

Abstract

Over the past 30 years, network applications have changed with the advent of innovative services spanning from high-speed broadband access to mobile data communications and to video signal distribution. To support this service evolution, optical transport infrastructures have changed their role. Innovations in optical networking have not only allowed the pure “bandwidth per fiber” increase, but also the realization of highly dependable and easy-to-manage networks. This article analyzes the innovations that have characterized the optical networking solutions from different perspectives, with a specific focus on the advancements introduced by Alcatel-Lucent's research and development laboratories located in Italy. The advancements of optical networking will be explored and discussed through Alcatel-Lucent's optical products to contextualize each innovation with the market evolution.     

基于柔性电路板单纤双向光纤组件的以太无源光网络单元研制(英文)

随着宽带接入技术的发展,以太无源光网络是光纤到户的一种备选方案.而光网络单元数量众多,其成本成为限制以太无源光网络技术实施的重要影响因素.本文提出了一种低成本以太无源光网络单元实现方式:采用带柔性电路板的单纤双向光纤组件直接安装在光网络单元的电路板上.为了验证弯曲柔性电路板的高速性能没有恶化,采用有限元方法仿真了弯曲柔性电路板的小信号响应.由于该方式没有独立的光收发模块,无法采用比特误码分析仪进行测试,因此提出了采用网络测试仪搭建光网络单元的光信号性能测试系统的方案并实现了对光信号的性能测试.结果表明:对于发射机,在0℃~70℃的范围内得到了超过10dB的消光比和1dBm的平均发射功率;对于接收机,估算灵敏度为-27dBm.     

光分组交换节点中缓存器对串扰相干特性的影响

研究了光分组交换中光输出缓存器引起的排队延迟对节点串扰特性的影响，建立了节点串扰特性与缓存器长度之间关系的数学模型，结果表明，对光分组交换节点，由于缓存器的存在，串扰源数目随缓存器的长度增加而增加；串扰中，非相干串扰占多数，数目随机的相干串扰的影响较小，且当缓存器较长时，相干串扰的影响可以忽略，即可将所有串扰视为非相干。     

光分组组装机制对自相似流的整形效应分析

通过系统仿真和数值分析，全面地分析了光分组交换网中分组组装机制对自相似流的整形效应，结果表明：光分组组装机制通过改善流量的关键特性，包括：自相似性、短程相关性和边缘分布，来实现自相似流量整形. 而且，业务强度越小、光分组组装门限越大、组装计时间隔越小，光分组组装机制对自相似流的整形效果越好.     

利用LED的投影系统光源设计

设计了利用多颗LED(Light Emitting Diode,发光二极管)阵列组成的扩展面光源.经过合理的聚光设计使之符合某些投影设备对亮度要求不是很高,但结构紧凑、性能稳定、使用寿命长的要求.结合数学建模和软件模拟的方式设计了一种小巧的反光杯,利用反光杯把LED近180°的发散光束汇聚到60°左右;然后再用一一对应的透镜阵列汇聚为平行光;最后采用柯勒照明方式把较大的面光源阵列汇集到LCD投影屏幕上,从而达到了较高亮度且具有很高均匀性的目的.     

The Effect of Space Dimensions on a Generalized Hydrogen-Atom Specific Heat in the Generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs Statistics

In this article, the effect of the space dimensions on the generalized hydrogen-atom specific heat in the generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is studied. The temperature dependence of the specific heat for a few different values of q and for different low space dimensions using Tsallis statistics is numerically calculated. The results indicate that for a fixed value of q, as the space dimension increases the temperature range where the specific heat has a nonzero value, decreases, while the general behavior of the specific heat does not show any change. Also, there exits a q-independent quantity related to two specific temperatures of the system which is almost linearly dependent on the space dimensions.     

光学相干层析成像系统中双通快速扫描光学延迟线的数值分析

以matlab为工具,详尽分析双通快速扫描光学延迟线在最佳耦合条件下的光束传输与分布,为双通快速扫描光学延迟线的设计、元件选择和系统调整提供理论依据.得出离焦距离Δf=1μm和Δf=578 μm两个理论上的最佳耦合点.但就实际光路调试来看,离焦距离Δf=1 μm为此系统的最佳耦合点.     

光纤延迟线和可调谐波长转换器在光分组交换网络竞争解决结构中的性能分析

研究了光分组交换网络中的两种竞争解决方案.结合课题研究的进展,基于突发和非突发业务,对这两种竞争处理结构进行了深入分析,得出了几点重要结论,首先,在竞争处理上,对于非突发业务,光纤延迟线比可调谐波长转换器有效;而对于突发业务而言,可调谐波长转换器比光纤延迟线有效.其次,在突发业务下反馈式光纤延迟线结构（FFA）是一种较为理想的竞争解决结构,但对非突发业务而言,反馈式光纤延迟线和可调谐波长转换器结构（FFTA）在成本上和结构尺寸上比FFA要有效的多.随着平均突发长度的增加,FFTA中的可调谐波长转换器数目也要增加才能获得合理的分组丢失率。但无论是针对突发业务还是非突发业务,FFTA都是一种成本有效的竞争解决结构.     

Design of a Label Recognition Filter for Crosstalk Suppression in a Label Recognition Unit using Optical Correlation Assuming the Assistance of Optical Time-Gating

To suppress crosstalk caused by matched filtering in label recognition based on optical correlation, we propose the novel design method of a label recognition filter to improve the discrimination performance. Assuming the assistance of optical time-gating, the label recognition filter is designed by a technique of a multiple-object discriminant filter (MODF) so that the crosstalk can be suppressed only at the center of correlation signals. This method can reduce the requirement for the performance of an optical thresholder. Simulation results show that the designed label recognition filter can successfully suppress the crosstalk.     

The Impact of Signal Properties with Unbalanced Traffic on SOA Switches in Optical Packet Switched Networks

In this paper, we present the property evaluated modeling of switching matrix based on the XGM in SOA for optical packet-switched networks. Crosstalk-induced bit error rate (BER), packet error rate (PER), the dimension of the switching node and cascaded capacity under unbalanced traffic are examined, which proves to be relevant to the peculiarities of signal pulse such as initial chirp, shape and bit rate.Several rules are drawn to facilitate the design of SOA-based switching matrix under unbalanced traffic.     

一种改善FFH-OCDMA性能的非循环单重合码

分析了一种非循环单重合码的色散效应,并将色散效应等效为功率衰减因子,得出同时考虑差拍噪声和色散后FFH-OCDMA系统的误码率性能.结果表明,非循环单重合码的色散效应虽然比循环单重合码有所增加,但它大大降低了互相关干扰,也大大降低了差拍噪声,从而提高了系统的误码率性能.     

Canonical Entropy of Black Hole in the Generalized Uncertainty Principle

Recently, there has been much attention devoted to resolving the quantum corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy. In particular, many researchers have expressed a vested interest in the coefficient of the logarithmic term of the black hole entropy correction term. In this paper, based on the correction to black hole thermodynamic quantity due to the generalized uncertainty principle, we calculate the partition function by energy spectrum obtained using tunneling effect. Furthermore we derive the black hole entropy. In the expression, we not only consider the generalized uncertainty principle but also consider the departure of black hole radiation spectrum from pure thermal spectrum. According to criterion law of thermodynamic systems phase transition, we discuss the phase transition of AdS black hole and derive that the phase transition of AdS black hole is a secondary one.     

Eliminating the additional input beam in all-optical XOR gate using Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer (TOAD) based interferometer: A theoretical analysis

All-Optical XOR Logic is a key technology for performing a set of operations in optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) multi-access network. In this paper an All-Optical Boolean XOR logic gate with Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer (TOAD) based interferometric switch is designed and described. In this proposed XOR gate, no additional input light source is used. Numerical simulation is also presented, which verifies the theoretical results. Contrast ratio, extinction ratio, amplitude modulation, bit error rate and signal to noise ratio values have also been analyzed.     

Optical fiber SPR biosensor with sandwich assay for the detection of prostate specific antigen

We present a new, sensitive, few mode fiber (FMF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor with a sandwich assay for the detection of PSA. The side-polished FMF biosensor does not need a polarizer and a thin high-index overlayer. The optical sensitivity of the SPR sensor was determined as 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ RIU. In the SPR PSA sensor, the SPR signals were amplified by a factor of 6 in average over no secondary antibody, using the sandwich assay. The proposed FMF SPR biosensor has great potential for real-time analysis of immune reaction between biomolecules and the advantages of high-sensitivity and label-free detection.