Chip-Based Microwave Photonic Payload Repeater for High Throughput Satellites

High-throughput satellite (HTS) is an ideal way to realize cross-regional massive, multifaceted digital exchange services, and it requires a signal processing module that can be massively multiplexed and has high flexibility. Due to the limitations of the frequency characteristics, microwave integrated circuits are difficult to meet this requirement. One solution to this problem is photonic integrated circuits (PICs). However, full-size PIC satellite payloads containing main optoelectronic components are extremely challenging to implement on monolithic or hybrid integrated platforms. Here, the study demonstrates a hybrid integrated on-chip microwave-photonic satellite repeater with large-scale multiplexing potential and high flexibility. This is a demonstration of a hybrid integration of a InP/Si3N4 external cavity laser, arrayed InP modulators, and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), as well as multifunctional Si3N4 signal processors, to fulfill a 1 × 4 Ka-band repeater module with on-chip arrayed frequency down-conversion and outstanding narrowband photonic channelization. When combined with the full-chip photonic RF repeater, broadband, highly integrated, and cost-effective communications satellite payloads will become realizable more quickly in the near future.     

光子晶体波导耦合的波分复用研究

两平行光子晶体单模波导的相互耦合组成一个耦合结构。两本征模的色散曲线相交并出现简并,简并模之间的耦合作用使模式的分布发生了改变。由于耦合的作用,各个波长的光波会在不同的波导中传输。在简并点处两本征模发生解耦合,光波会沿着原来的方向传输。将两个不同耦合长度的光子晶体波导耦合结构集成在一起,就可以组成一个三波长的光子晶体波分复用器。     

Ultra-Compact and Efficient Integrated Multichannel Mode Multiplexer in Silicon for Few-Mode Fibers

Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is one of the key enabling technologies to increase the capacity of fiber communication systems. However, implementing SDM-based systems using multimode fiber has been challenging with the need for compact, low-cost, and scalable mode de/multiplexer (DE/MUX). Here a novel integrated mode MUX for few-mode fibers (FMFs) is presented which can launch up to eight spatial and polarization channels. The new design is composed of a 2D multimode grating coupler (MMGC), highly compact spot size converters (SSCs), and adiabatic directional couplers (ADCs). Eight data lanes in FMFs can be selectively launched with integrated optical phase shifters. Experimental results reveal efficient chip-to-fiber coupling with peak efficiencies of −3.8, −5.5, −3.6, and −4.1 dB for LP₀₁, LP_11a, LP_11b, and LP_21b modes, respectively. Thanks to the use of an integrated subwavelength Mikaelian lens for mode-independent field size conversion with loss ≤−0.25 dB, the total footprint of the MMGC and SSCs is only 35×35 µm². The proposed design shows great potential for densely integrated photonic circuits in future SDM applications.     

Superprism Behaviour of an Array of Photonic Crystal Waveguides

The behaviour of an array of photonic crystal waveguides is numerically investigated. It is shown that high dispersion may be achieved in the telecommunication window around 1550 nm, with a device whose dimensions are in the order of half a mm².     

Ultrafast and Wideband All-Optical Processing Technologies Towards Flexible Photonic Networks

Recent progress in ultrafast and wideband all-optical processing technologies to realize flexible and transparent optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM)/wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) photonic networks is reviewed covering ultrafast OTDM technologies handling more than 100 Gbit/s per wavelength channel and wideband WDM technologies handling more than 1000 wavelength channels over the 200 nm range.     

Proposal for a New Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Filter Based on Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

Abstract

A new optical filter design based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator structure with an N-channel model is proposed in this article. This study also shows that modifying the scatter radius and the waveguide width can significantly improve the performance of the original structure, which can solve the mode mismatch problem for output waveguide. Here, an example of a 16-channel photonic crystal ring resonator is provided; wavelength spacing of 1.6 nm and a high quality factor Q of 6,000 were achieved. The optical filter would be a potential key component in the application of dense wavelength division multiplexer devices.     

大容量长距离传输用低非线性效应非零色散位移光纤

利用非等温等离子体化学气相沉积 (PCVD)工艺制备了一种适合于大容量高速率长途干线网与城域网的中芯下陷型纤芯结构非零色散位移光纤。该光纤的有效面积大于 95 μm2 ,在 15 5 0nm波段的色散值约为9ps/(nm·km) ,有效的抑制了传输过程中光非线性效应的产生。通过对光纤剖面结构的优化设计 ,光纤的 15 5 0nm处的传输损耗降到约 0 .2 1dB/km ,与传统单模光纤的熔接损耗低于 0 .11dB ,且在直径为 6 0mm圆筒上绕 10 0圈后在 14 6 0nm到 16 2 5nm波长范围所引起的附加弯曲损耗均低于 0 .0 2dB/km。同时 ,该光纤色散斜率低于0 .0 6 5 ps/(nm2 ·km) ,偏振模色散 (PMD)小于 0 .0 5 ps·km-1/2 。此外 ,由于光纤的零色散点移到了 14 30nm以下 ,使波分复用 (WDM)传输在S波段 (14 6 0～ 15 30nm)、C波段 (15 30～ 15 6 5nm)、L(15 6 5～ 16 2 5nm)波段上都兼容。     

Design of Two 8-Channel Optical Demultiplexers Using 2D Photonic Crystal Homogeneous Ring Resonators

ABSTRACT

Ring resonators have always been referred to as a highly flexible structure for designing optical devices. In this paper, we have designed and evaluated two 8-channel optical demultiplexers using photonic crystal ring resonators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the flexibility of this type of resonator for designing and manufacturing optical devices based on photonic crystals. To the extent that we have investigated the literature, there is no report so far on such a study. For this purpose, two structures with the same structural parameters, but only with a difference in the type of lattice constant (square or triangular) are used. Both structures have a common photonic band gap within a proper range for telecommunication applications used in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Both designed structures have an average crosstalk of ?26 dB. For the demultiplexer structure with a square lattice constant, the quality factor and the transmission coefficient are 3,046 and 93.7% respectively, and its channel spacing is 1.97 nm. For the structure with a triangular lattice constant, the quality factor and the transmission coefficient are 1577.7 and 94.5%, respectively and its channel spacing is equal to 4 nm. To obtain the photonic band gap of the structures, the plane wave expansion (PWE) method is used and the output spectrum of the structures is obtained using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The good results obtained in this study is through designing and simulating optical demultiplexer structures only by creating a change in the type of lattice constant used. This undoubtedly justifies the high flexibility of ring resonators, when used in the design of optical devices, as well as their suitability for the use in WDM systems     

高效异质结构四波长波分复用器的设计与优化

将两光子晶体单模波导平行、邻近放置构成一个光子晶体波导耦合结构.根据耦合和解耦合理论,设计了一种新型的高效异质结构四波长波分复用器.应用时域有限差分法模拟了该器件的效率,并通过改变一排介质柱的折射率,实现了较高的透射率.进一步发现在入射口处添加三对介质柱,可以有效地降低系统的反射,实现了四个波长的高效传输,四个波长的透射率均超过了90%.该器件不仅具有较高的透射率,而且其尺寸仅为36 μm×17 μm,在未来的光子集成回路中具有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 光子晶体波导 耦合 异质结构 波分复用     

Polarization-Dependent Mode Analyzer and Controlled-Z Gate in Ti:LiNbO3 Quantum Photonic Circuits

Abstract

On-chip integrated photonic circuits are crucial for further progress toward quantum technologies and in the science of quantum optics. The quantum controlled-Z gate is an example of the maximally entangling gate, which is universal for quantum computing when coupled with single-qubit gates. This article demonstrates a deterministic controlled-Z photonic quantum gate based on titanium in-diffused channel waveguides in which polarization and modal degrees of freedom of a single photon are used for encoding the control and target qubits, respectively.     

Remotely Pumped Hybrid Amplifiers for Extended Bidirectional Passive Optical Networks

In this contribution, we optimize design parameters of hybrid optical amplifiers utilizing distributed Raman amplification in transmission fiber and gain of discrete, remotely pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for wideband, bidirectional operation in metropolitan area networks (MAN). The design is based on an application of a numerical model, which takes into account pump-to-pump and signal-to-signal interactions and generation of amplified spontaneous emission in the Raman amplifier and solves the standard rate-propagation equations in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF). We predict 12 dB gain across 72 nm of optical bandwidth with gain ripple better than 10%. The recently proposed serial topology of EDFA is considered; this enables the wideband, bidirectional operation of a hybrid amplifier with only two pump laser diodes emitting in the 1430 and 1480 nm bands.     

Polarization Control Technique to Reduce, Power Penalty in Tri-Directional, Transmission Systems

Polarization control is used in a tri-directional wavelength-reused system to reduce the power penalty caused by coherent mixing of the signal with Rayleigh backscattering noise. For a 25 + 25 km, 10 Gb/s tri-directional transmission system, the power penalty is 4.0 dB under the worst polarization control and could be reduced to 0.4 dB under optimal polarization control. The experimental results show that reusing the same wavelength is an efficient and promising method for tri-directional lightwave systems.     

High Sensitivity Ring Resonator Gyroscopes

Abstract

A recent study discussing different ring-resonator- and fiber-based gyroscopes concluded that the performance of a single-loop resonant fiber-optical gyro exceeds that of more complex ring-resonator-based gyros. It is demonstrated here that this conclusion applies as well to a gyro that consists of a closed loop of coupled-ring resonators with internal feedback. While this device is more sensitive to rotation than other gyro structures with the same footprint and losses, a simpler alternative consisting of a resonant single ring with an area equal to complex gyro structures still displays a higher degree of sensitivity.     

Design and Validation of Rugged Microwave Photonic Network for Phased-Array Radar

Abstract

Military radar has the requirement of 24 × 7 operation in harsh environments with a high level of safety and integrity built in for equipment and personnel working with it. This article presents an application of a microwave photonic network for phased-array military radar. The design challenge is to realize faithful reproduction of the input microwave signals over extreme temperature and frequency ranges. Environmental testing has been carried out to validate the performance of the proposed microwave photonic network over 2–4 GHz and a temperature range of –20°C to +55°C. The result shows that the photonic network can be successfully utilized for phased-array radar.     

Feed-Forward- and Shared-Buffer-Based Optical Packet Switch Architecture

Abstract

This architecture incorporates wavelength-routed loop-buffer modules in the feed-forward configuration, and the buffering in these modules is recirculating in nature, using shared memory. The signal quality will deteriorate during each revolution, due to the insertion loss of the various optical components; therefore, it will impose a limit on the number of circulations that a packet can take in the buffer before its correct reception. Generally, this limit has not been considered in the past, but one should have to take care of it in the current scenario for the actual switching systems.     

Transmission Characteristics of Several Kinds of Filters for WDM Optical Networking

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A new synchronization scheme based on time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technology for practical quantum key distribution system

Three clock synchronization schemes for a quantum key distribution system are compared experimentally through the outdoor fibre and the interaction physical model of the the clock signal and the the quantum signal in the quantum key distribution system is analysed to propose a new synchronization scheme based on time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technology to reduce quantum bits error rates under some transmission rate conditions.The proposed synchronization scheme can not only completely eliminate noise photons from the bright background light of the the clock signal,but also suppress the fibre nonlinear crosstalk.     

用于波分复用的缺陷态复周期结构光子晶体滤波器的研究

利用传输矩阵法，研究了一种用于波分复用的光子晶体滤波器。该结构是中间包含一个缺陷层的一维三层念质的光子晶体，叫做缺陷态复周期结构光子晶体。通过数值计算得出它的色散关系和滤波特性。当改变缺陷层的厚度并保持其折射率不变时，带隙中将出现个数不同的局域模。缺陷层厚度增加时，局域模数也随着增加。适当调节缺陷层厚度，使带隙中出现八个窄带滤波窗口，能很好的用作八通道波分复用一解复用滤波器。由于很高的传输率和低的传输损耗，故在高速，长距离光通信中将有很好的应用。     

Performance of All-optical WDM Network in Presence of Four-wave Mixing, Optical Amplifier Noise, and Wavelength Converter Noise

The article investigates the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, and wavelength converter noise on the performance of WDM all-optical networks. Analysis for the evaluation of probability of error has been carried out (a) when only thermal and shot noise are present; (b) when thermal, shot, FWM, and ASE noise are present; and (c) when thermal, shot, FWM, ASE, and wavelength converter noise are present. Numerical results are presented in the graphical forms for the practical values of parameters.     

A Survivable Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network with Both Point-to-Point Service and Broadcast Service Delivery

Abstract

A survivable wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network enabling both point-to-point service and broadcast service is presented and demonstrated. This architecture provides an automatic traffic recovery against feeder and distribution fiber link failure, respectively. In addition, it also simplifies the protection design for multiple services transmission in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks.