脉冲γ射线对光纤的辐射效应

介绍了光纤的损耗机制和γ射线对光纤的辐射效应,设计了针对脉冲γ射线作用于光纤而产生辐射感生损耗的实验测量系统。利用平均光子能量为0.3 MeV、脉冲宽度25 ns、剂量率2.03×107Gy.s-1,和平均光子能量为1.0 MeV、脉冲宽度25 ns、剂量率5.32×109Gy.s-1的2种脉冲γ射线分别作用于多模和单模光纤,分别采用波长为405,660,850,1 310和1 550 nm的激光光纤传输系统对辐射感生损耗进行了测量。获得了光纤辐射感生损耗和辐射剂量的关系,并对实验结果进行分析。从实验结果可以看出:在近红外到可见光范围内,脉冲γ射线对光纤作用产生的辐射感生损耗随探测波长减小而增大;在0.1~3.5 Gy剂量范围内,多模光纤辐射感生损耗和辐射剂量呈线性关系。分析辐射对光纤的作用机制和实验结果后得出:光纤基质原子的电子能级对传输光子的共振吸收而造成吸收损耗增加;光纤折射率分布的改变从而导致波导损耗增加。     

Characteristics of pure silica core single-mode fiber

Single-mode fibers with low attenuation and sufficient reliability are especially important for long-span optical transmission systems. Conventionally, GeO₂ has been added to the fiber core region in order to make a refractive index difference between the core and cladding. However, the addition of GeO₂ increases Rayleigh scattering loss [1], and deteriorates the chemical stability against hydrogen atmosphere and γ-ray irradiation to bring about an increase in attenuation. [2][3] Therefore, pure silica core single-mode fiber was considered to be an ideal type of fiber, and it was succeeded in being fabricated by utilizing fluorine containing SiO₂ cladding.     

Radiation-induced effects in polarization-maintaining optical fibers for interferometric gyroscope

Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) in four types of polarization-maintaining optical fibers for interfer-ometric fiberoptic gyroscope (IFOG) at 1310 nm is measured. The measurements are conducted during and after steady-state γ-ray irradiation using a 60 Co source in order to observe significantly different RIA behavior and recovery kinetics. Mechanisms involving dopants and manufacturing process are introduced to analyze the RIA discrepancy as well as to guide the choice and hardening of optical fibers during the design of IFOG. Medium-accuracy IFOG using Ge–F-codoped fiber and pure silica core fiber can survive in the space radiation environment.     

锆英石的抗γ射线辐照能力和Rietveld结构精修

为研究放射性核素固化介质备选矿物锆英石的抗γ射线辐照结构稳定性,以澳大利亚锆英石为研究对象,通过⁶⁰Co源γ射线辐照装置对样品施以1728 kGy的γ射线辐照.利用X射线荧光光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对样品的元素含量、γ射线辐照前后的微观形貌及物相变化进行表征,同时利用Rietveld方法对γ射线辐照前后的样品进行了结构精修.结果表明:澳大利亚锆英石经1728 kGy剂量的γ射线辐照后未发生物相变化,射线辐照前后样品的晶胞参数仅发生了10^-4 量级的变 关键词： 锆英石 γ射线 辐照 Rietveld结构精修     

Influence of γ-ray-induced effects on dielectric dispersion of CuO-doped calcium fluoroborophosphate glass system

γ-Ray-induced dielectric dispersion in CaF₂–B₂O₃–P₂O₅ glasses doped with different concentrations of CuO was investigated. The glass samples were exposed to γ-rays with dose varying within the range 0–10 kGy. The dielectric dispersion and spectroscopic properties were measured before and after γ-ray treatment. Additionally, thermoluminescence studies were performed on post-irradiated glass samples. The results of dielectric properties and dielectric breakdown strength indicated a substantial increase in the insulating strength of CuO containing glasses due to γ-ray irradiation. The analysis of these results together with UV-vis optical absorption, IR spectra, and thermoluminescence studies have indicated a gradual increase in the concentration of mono-valent copper ions due to γ-ray treatment of the glass network. The additional studies have confirmed that these Cu⁺ ions occupy network-forming positions, increase the polymerization of the borophosphate glass network, and facilitates for the increase of insulating strength of the titled glass.     

Effect of γ-ray irradiation on the magnetic properties of NdFeB and Fe–Cr–Co permanent magnets

The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the magnetic properties of NdFeB and Fe–Cr–Co permanent magnets has been investigated. The magnetic flux loss of two kinds of magnets before and after irradiation was measured. Results show that the effect of γ-ray irradiation on the magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB is not so obvious as that on Fe–Cr–Co magnet. Irradiation-induced damage from γ-ray for the Fe–Cr–Co magnets was characterized for the first time. The decline of permanent magnetic properties of Fe–Cr–Co magnet induced by γ-ray irradiation is reversible except for the maximum energy product (BH)_max. The difference of coercivity mechanism between these two kinds of permanent magnets is responsible for the different dependence of magnetic properties loss induced by γ-ray irradiation.     

Effects of γ-ray radiation grafting on aramid fibers and its composites

Armos fiber was modified by Co⁶⁰ γ-ray radiation in the different concentrations’ mixtures of phenol-formaldehyde and ethanol. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was examined to characterize the effects of the treatment upon the interfacial bonding properties of Armos fibers/epoxy resin composites. The results showed that the ILSS of the composite, whose fibers were treated by 500 kGy radiation in 1.5 wt% PF, was improved by 25.4%. Nanoindentation technique analysis showed that the nanohardnesses of the various phases (the fiber, the interface and the matrix) in the composite, whose fibers were treated, were correspondingly higher than those in the composite, whose fibers were untreated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum confirmed the increase in the polar groups at the fibers’ surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results revealed that the surface of the fibers treated was rougher than that of the fibers untreated. The wettability of the fibers’ surface was also enhanced by the treatment. The conclusion that γ-ray irradiation grafting significantly improved the surface properties of Armos fibers could be drawn.     

On the early stage F coloration in lithi[um fluoride doped with divalent cation impurites

Abstract

Using γ-ray irradiation at different temperatures and fluxes, we obtain new information on the early stage F-coloration of LiF which can be easily interpreted in terms of the Crawford mechanism.     

光纤辐照缺陷的电子自旋共振研究

用电子自旋共振方法研究光纤的γ射线辐照缺陷情况。结果发现，射线辐照产生一系列同磁缺陷，缺陷中心的浓度随着辐照剂量的增加而增加；缺陷的种类主要是Ｅ＇心、非桥连氧空穴心和过氧根（ＯＨＣ）心，并对它们形成的机制进行了分析和讨论。 关键词：     

氟锆酸盐玻璃的γ射线辐照效应

用电子顺磁共振谱研究了在液氮温度及在室温下氟锆酸盐玻璃的γ射线辐照效应.实验结果表明,辐照后的玻璃中形成了Zr~(3+)、F_2、F~0及一种俘获氧杂质的空穴中心(标号为U)等缺陷.在低温辐照时,非桥氟的存在是产生F_2~-和F~0缺陷的原因.温度高于400K时,所有缺陷全部消失.常温下经γ射线辐照过的玻璃,在紫外区出现一个吸收峰.辐照对该玻璃的红外透过率影响不大.     

Plastic coating of glass fibers and its influence on strength

Abstract

Sodium borosilicate glass fibers pulled from the melt were plastic coated “on-line” to preserve the fiber strength. By the use of tapered nozzles within the coating applicator the coating could be made concentric around the fiber, and a 40-μm concentric coating was found to be sufficient for the fiber to withstand a mild abrasion test with no deterioration in strength. Strength measurements made in ambient conditions showed that the fiber had a uniform breaking strain of 4% elongation. The same fiber measured at liquid nitrogen temperatures had a breaking strain of 14%, even after extensive handling, which is close to the theoretical glass cohesive strength.     

Controllable photoinduced optical attenuation in a single-mode optical fiber by irradiation of a femtosecond pulse laser

Novel optical attenuation fibers were fabricated by the irradiation of a focused infrared femtosecond pulsed laser onto the core of a silica glass single-mode optical fiber. Optical attenuation at a wavelength of 1.55 microm proportionally increased with increasing numbers of irradiation points and was controllable under laser irradiation conditions. The single-mode property of the waveguide and the mode-field diameter of the optical fiber were maintained after irradiation of the femtosecond laser. It is suggested that the attenuation results from optical scattering at photoinduced spots formed inside the fiber core.     

New Neutron-Rich Nuclide 185Hf

New neutron-rich nuclide ¹⁸⁵Hf has been identified for the first time.The ¹⁸⁵Hf was produced via the ¹⁸⁶W(n,2p)¹⁸⁵Hf reaction by 14MeV neutron irradiation of natural metallic tungsten powder and separated by radiochemical methods.The identification of ¹⁸⁵Hf was based on the observation of decay γ-ray of its daughter ¹⁸⁵Ta.A half-life of 3.5±0.6min was determined for ¹⁸⁵Hf by fitting the measured growth and decay curve of the 177.59keV γ-ray which is the strongest decay γ-ray of ¹⁸⁵Ta.In addition,a new γ-ray of 164.5±0.5keV was found and assigned to ¹⁸⁵Hf.     

聚合物光纤辐照特性的实验研究

分析了聚合物受辐照后发生物理化学变化的机理,实验研究了聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚碳酸脂（PC）、聚甲级丙烯酸甲脂（PMMA）三种聚合物光纤在不同辐照剂量下光传输性能的变化以及其恢复特性.在各种辐照剂量下,光透过率有不同程度的下降,经过一段时间后也有不同程度的回复,并且恢复主要发生在停止辐照后的较短时间内.在102 Gy以下,辐照造成的光损伤经过一段时间基本可以恢复,在更高剂量的辐照下(超过5*10³ Gy),辐照对光纤造成了永久损伤,经过很长时间也只能恢复一部分.实验结果表明,PS光纤的抗辐照特性最好,PC光纤优于PMMA光纤.     

Semiempirical calculation of Ge-P defect in silica,coherent photovoltaic effect,and second harmonic generation in glass fibers

Abstract

Germanium-phosphorus defect in silica glass was investigated. This impurity complex can play the main role in the photoinduced second harmonic generation in silica fibers.     

Photoinduced color centers creation in superionic crystals RbAg 4 I 5

Abstract

A new phenomenon of a reversible photoinduced coloration caused by light irradiation is discovered and investigated in superionic RbAg ₄ I ₅ crystals. The reversible photoinduced absorption is found to be a result of irradiation by light with wavelengths in the region from 420 nm to 450 nm. The proposed mechanism of the discovered effect is associated with ambipolar diffusion of screened by mobile ions optically excited electronic carriers. The processes of color centers creation in superionic crystals RbAg ₄ I ₅ due to additive coloring in iodine vapours, ionic implantation and γ-ray irradiation are considered.     

Characteristics of pure silica core single-mode fiber

Single-mode fibers with low attenuation and sufficient reliability are especially important for long-span optical transmission systems. Conventionally, GeO₂ has been added to the fiber core region in order to make a refractive index difference between the core and cladding. However, the addition of GeO₂ increases Rayleigh scattering loss [1], and deteriorates the chemical stability against hydrogen atmosphere and γ-ray irradiation to bring about an increase in attenuation. [2][3] Therefore, pure silica core single-mode fiber was considered to be an ideal type of fiber, and it was succeeded in being fabricated by utilizing fluorine containing SiO₂ cladding.     

硅单结晶体管γ射线辐照电阻变化规律研究

针对硅材料和硅基器件辐照损伤机理之间存在的矛盾,采用对单结晶体管基区电阻实时监测的方法,得到单结晶体管基区阻值随γ射线辐照剂量的增加先减小后增大的规律.结合国内外硅材料和器件的辐照理论,从γ射线与物质的微观作用分析,提出单结晶体管基区主要的γ射线辐照机制位移效应较电离效应具有一定滞后性的观点,解决了原有矛盾,对器件加固的研究具有重要意义. 关键词： 单结晶体管 γ射线 实时监测 基区电阻     

Influence of γ-ray radiation grafting on interfacial properties of aramid fibers and epoxy resin composites

This research used Co⁶⁰ γ-ray radiation to modify Armos fibers in 1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane. After the treatment, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) values of aramid/epoxy composites were improved by about 20%. Surface elements of Armos fibers were determined by XPS analysis, which indicated that the oxygen/carbon ratio was increased. The surface of the fibers treated was rougher than that of the untreated fibers when examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra confirmed that the epoxy group was grafted onto the fibers. The wettability of the fibers' surface was also enhanced by the treatment. Nanoindentation technique analysis showed that the nanohardnesses of the various phases (the fiber, the interface and the matrix) in the composite, whose fibers were treated, were correspondingly higher than those in the composite, whose fibers were untreated. The results indicate that γ-ray irradiation grafting technique, which is a suitable batch process for industrialization, can modify the physicochemical properties of Armos fibers and improve the interfacial adhesion of its composite.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance,infrared, and electrical conductivity studies of γ-ray irradiated Li2SO4-K2SO4 mixed system

Abstract

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of 7-irradiated Li:₂SO₄-K₂SO₄ mixed system are measured at X-band and 300 K. Two types of centers, A and B, identified as LiOH⁺ ₂ and SO^? ₃ are studied. The EPR spectrum of LiOH⁺ ₂ has a well-resolved hyperfine structure. The effective g-value and the hyperfine structure constant of it are calculated. On the other hand, the SO^? ₃ center is characterized by an intense isotropic signal at a g-value ≈ 2. 0035. Mechanisms of center formation are proposed. Infrared transmittance spectra were recorded for unirradiated and γ-ray irradiated samples. A decrease in the transmittance spectra was observed after irradiation. The ionic conductivity, σ, has been measured for the Li₂SO₄-K₂SO₄ system before and after irradiation in the temperature range 30–400°C. The activation energy was found to be 1. 1 eV. A considerable decrease in the conductivity value accompanied by an increase in the activation energy was observed after γ-irradiation.