Projectile fragmentation in hadron-nucleus collisions at high energies

Particle production in hadron-nucleus collisions at high energies is discussed in the projectile fragmentation region. The predictions of the constituent quark model are analyzed. The contribution of diffractive interactions is explicitly taken into account. Comparison with the recent Fermilab measurements shows good agreement with the quark model and strong effects of diffractive collisions in some of the analyzed reactions.     

Spin dependence of deep inelastic diffraction

Using a perturbative model for diffractive interactions, we derive an expression for the polarized diffractive structure function in the high energy limit. This structure function is given by the interference of diffractive amplitudes with polarized and unpolarized exchanges. For the polarized exchange we consider both two-gluon and quark-antiquark amplitudes. The polarized diffractive amplitude receives sizable contributions from non-strongly ordered regions in phase space, resulting in a double logarithmic enhancement at small x. The resummation of these double logarithmic terms is outlined. We also discuss the transition from our perturbative expression to the nonperturbative region. A first numerical estimate indicates that the perturbative contribution to the spin asymmetry is substantially larger than the nonperturbative one. Received: 7 July 1999 / Published online: 14 October 1999     

An analysis of diffraction in deep-inelastic scattering

We propose a simple parametrization for the deep-inelastic diffractive cross section. It contains the contribution of production to both the longitudinal and the transverse diffractive structure functions, and of the production of final states from transverse photons. We start from the hard region and perform a suitable extrapolation into the soft region. We test our model on the 1994 ZEUS and H1 data, and confront it with the H1 conjecture of a singular gluon distribution. Received: 30 June 1998 / Revised version: 3 September 1998 / Pulished online: 3 December 1998     

Image degradation characteristics and restoration based on regularization for diffractive imaging

The diffractive membrane optical imaging system is an important development trend of ultra large aperture and lightweight space camera. However, related investigations on physics-based diffractive imaging degradation characteristics and corresponding image restoration methods are less studied. In this paper, the model of image quality degradation for the diffraction imaging system is first deduced mathematically based on diffraction theory and then the degradation characteristics are analyzed. On this basis, a novel regularization model of image restoration that contains multiple prior constraints is established. After that, the solving approach of the equation with the multi-norm coexistence and multi-regularization parameters (prior’s parameters) is presented. Subsequently, the space-variant PSF image restoration method for large aperture diffractive imaging system is proposed combined with block idea of isoplanatic region. Experimentally, the proposed algorithm demonstrates its capacity to achieve multi-objective improvement including MTF enhancing, dispersion correcting, noise and artifact suppressing as well as image’s detail preserving, and produce satisfactory visual quality. This can provide scientific basis for applications and possesses potential application prospects on future space applications of diffractive membrane imaging technology.     

Inclusive two-particle rapidity correlations at ISR energies and fireball production

ISR data on two-particle rapidity correlations in the region y₁ ≈ y₂ can be understood in terms of the multiperipheral fireball model and indicate an energy independent upper limit of the average fireball mass. The diffractive contribution to the fireball production leads to characteristic shapes of long range correlations. Data on long range rapidity correlations may be used to determine the fractions of non-diffractive and diffractive one- and two-fireball production.     

Isoscalar diffractive photoproduction: A source of gluonium

Data on diffractive photoproduction of isoscalar states appear to be anomalously large in a number of channels. Isoscalar diffractive photoproduction is studied in a model in which the pomeron is approximated by two gluons, and in which gluon intermediate states are allowed in the pomeron-meson interaction. It is shown that the model allows a resolution of the long-standing problem of the small (in vector meson dominance terms) diffractive θ photoproduction cross section. This sets the scale for the calculation, and it is then demonstrated that the model can explain the large isoscalar cross section if it is due primarily to the diffractive photoproduction of a system of gluons.     

The partonic interpretation of reggeon theory models

We review the physical content of the two simplest models of reggeon field theory: namely the eikonal and the Schwimmer models. The AGK cutting rules are used to obtain the inclusive, the inelastic and the diffractive cross sections. The system of non-linear equations for these cross sections is written down and analytic expressions for its solution are obtained. We derive the rapidity gap dependence of the differential cross sections for diffractive dissociation in the Schwimmer model and in its eikonalized extension. The results are interpreted from the partonic viewpoint of the interaction at high energies. Received: 23 June 2005, Published online: 6 October 2005     

Spin effects in hadron scattering at very high energies

In this paper a spin-dependent diffractive model is studied for πN and NN elastic scattering. We find non-trivial results for spin correlation parameters which persist at high energies and have very distinct features in the dip region. It is stressed that these parameters provide good tests of pomeron factorization.     

On the dynamics of multiple-reggeon exchange cuts

We discuss the circumstances under which multiple-pomeron exchange amplitudes can become iterative and show how the intermediate states involved in these amplitudes can be related to the states produced in diffractive dissociation. In order to obtain a soluble model, we construct a simple integral equation, which in an iterative way leads to a multi-pomeron exchange series, including contributions of cut mechanisms involving spectator particles. From a particular solution of this equation we are able to illustrate how the longitudinal-momentum distributions of the diffractive intermediate states influence the relative strength of the cuts. Further from a qualative analysis, we show why one might expect the helicity-non-flip vacuum amplitudes to have strong cuts, while all other amplitudes have weak cuts. A number of related points are also discussed.     

Quark-antiquark-gluon jets in dis diffractive dissociation

We study the diffractive production of jets with large transverse momenta in the region of large diffractive masses (small ). Cross sections for transverse and longitudinal photons are obtained in the leading log and log approximation, keeping all powers in log . We perform a numerical study and illustrate the angular distribution of the three jets. We also estimate the integrated diffractive three jet cross section and compare with the dijet cross section obtained before. Received: 11 March 1999 / Published online: 14 October 1999     

VECTOR COUPLED-WAVE THEORY OF DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS IN THE RESONANCE DOMAIN

In this paper, based on Maxwell's equations and boundary continuity condi-tions of electromagnetic fields, we derive rigorous vector coupled-wave equations of two-dimensional diffractive patterns for an arbitrary polarization in the resonance domain, and describe the solution to these equations. We verify this theory with a practical example, and show the effectiveness of this method for the resonance-domain diffractive optics.     

Diffractive parton distributions from the saturation model

We review diffractive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) in the light of the collinear factorization theorem. This theorem allows one to define diffractive parton distributions in the leading twist approach. Due to its selective final states, diffractive DIS offers interesting insight into the form of the diffractive parton distributions which we explore with the help of the saturation model. We find Regge-like factorization with the correct energy dependence measured at HERA. A remarkable feature of diffractive DIS is the dominance of the twist-4 contribution for small diffractive masses. We quantify this effect and make a comparison with the data. Received: 22 February 2001 / Revised version: 22 March 2001 / Published online: 3 May 2001     

Diffractive and nondiffractive components of the multiplicity distribution in pp collisions

Topological cross sections for diffractive and nondiffractive components in pp collisions are deduced on the basis of a dynamical model proposed earlier to explain the multiplicity distribution of charged particles. The model has an important prediction for the angular and momentum distributions of charged particles in diffractive events.     

全息液晶/聚合物透射光栅光学各向异性的研究

基于聚合物支撑(polymer scaffolding)形貌的全息液晶/聚合物透射光栅, 系统研究了光栅的光学各向异性. 在这种形貌的光栅内, 液晶不是以液滴的形态存在于富液晶区, 据此建立了相应光栅的简化模型, 然后在各向异性耦合波理论框架下研究了光栅的衍射特性. 详尽的衍射效率实验值和计算值比较, 很好解释了液晶/聚合物光栅的光学各向异性, 也证实了液晶分子大致沿着光栅矢量排列.     

衍折射设计用于均匀照明的衍射光学器件

 在工艺上衍射光学元件是通过相位板来实现的,由于其多台阶化产生的不连续性,会对目标光场产生sinc调制,产生高级次衍射斑,损失了15%或者更多能量。通过对设计衍射光学器件的传统的IO迭代算法进行了研究,提出了一种与衍折射相结合的设计方法,在衍射光学器件的部分区域形成一块连续相位区域,减少了相位片台阶化区域的光强和衍射斑的强度。通过逐步变化连续相位对输出光强情况的影响的研究,可以优化相位参数,使入射到输出面的光束保证一定匀滑性的前提下,提高目标光场区域的衍射效率达到90%以上,能够满足均匀照明的要求。     

Lagrange solution for three wavelength solitary wave clusters in nematic liquid crystals

We investigate the interaction of three optical solitary waves propagating with angular momentum in bulk nematic liquid crystals. The resulting cluster of solitary waves, or nematicons, is shown to orbit about its common centre of “mass”. An elongated isosceles triangle configuration is derived, this solution being the equivalent of the Lagrange solution of Newtonian gravitation. This triangle solution is found to be stable owing to diffractive radiation. A modulation theory explains the existence of the triangle solution as due to the non-monotonicity of an effective potential for the interaction of the solitary waves. This modulation theory also gives good agreement with numerical solutions for the trajectories of the nematicons in the three colours. Finally, it is shown that a cut-off in the shed diffractive radiation prevents the break-up of the triangle due to radiative losses.     

活塞激光热负荷应力场数值模拟

活塞激光热负荷就是通过光学转光片改变激光在空间的能量分配比例.结合活塞激光热负荷试验工况,建立了活塞激光热负荷应力场模拟数学物理模型,模型中考虑了材料的热物性参数随温度的变化.结果表明:由于活塞顶凹坑位置靠近通油孔,导致其应力波动幅值比激光辐照区域大;活塞凹坑、通油孔和靠近活塞顶面的活塞内腔由于和冷却介质直接接触,是活...     

Single diffractive hadron-nucleus interactions within the dual parton model

Single diffractive hadron-nucleus interactions are studied within the framework of the dual parton model. Introducing a diffractive component into the Monte-Carlo event generator DTUNUC we investigate particle production and the dependence of the diffractive cross section on the atomic number of the target nucleus. A comparison of the numerical results with recent experimental data is presented. We furthermore introduce hadronic cross section fluctuations and discuss their influence on diffractive proton-nucleus cross sections.     

Atom-scale ptychographic electron diffractive imaging of boron nitride cones

Ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) has been extensively applied using both x rays and electrons. The extension to atomic resolution has been elusive. This Letter demonstrates ptychographic electron diffractive imaging at atomic resolution, permitting identification of structure in a boron nitride helical cone at a resolution of order 1 ?, beyond that of comparative Z-contrast images. A scanning transmission electron microscope is used to create a diverging illumination in a defocused Fresnel CDI geometry, providing a robust strategy leading to a unique solution.