Determination of Micro Amounts of Metallic Silver in Silver Salt Matrices

ABSTRACT

A spectrochemical method has been developed for the quantitative determination of metallic silver in silver nitrate and silver chloride or bromide matrices exposed to light. The method is based on the oxidation of silver(0) by iron(III) at pH 3.5 in the presence of ferrozine. The resulting absorbance of the iron ferrozine complex is measured at 562 nm. Less than 0.1 mg of metallic silver can be determined with a relative standard deviation better than 6%.     

Determination of thermodynamic properties of silver selenide by the galvanic cell method with solid and liquid electrolytes

The data on the standard thermodynamic functions of silver selenide (naumannite) determined by the EMF method with the electrolyte representing either silver chloride or a glycerol solution of KCl with AgCl are shown. The procedure of measurements with the mentioned electrolytes is developed.     

Catalytic kinetic simultaneous determination of iron, silver and manganese with the Kalman filter by using flow injection analysis stopped-flow spectrophotometry

A catalytic differential kinetic method with Kalman filter for the simultaneous determination of multi-component is described. The oxidization of Rhodamine B (RB) by potassium periodate in a slightly acid solution is a slow reaction. But iron(III), silver(I) or manganese(II) has a differential catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of RB in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline as the activator. So iron, silver and manganese can be simultaneously determined by measuring the decreasing absorbance of the dye (RB) at 555 nm. A flow injection analysis stopped-flow spectrophotometric system with a microcomputer performs the determinations. This method has been applied to determining iron, silver and manganese of alloy samples with satisfactory results.     

Simultaneous microdetermination of carbon,hydrogen, mercury,chlorine, bromine and sulphur in organic compounds

A simple, reliable method for the simultaneous microdetermination of carbon, hydrogen, mercury, chlorine (or bromine) and sulphur in organic compounds is described. The intermediate storage technique is used. Sulphur and the halogens are absorbed on electrolytic silver and determined gravimetrically or titrimetrically. Mercury is absorbed on gold wire, and is weighed as the metal or desorbed and determined by a mercury-8-hydroxy-quinoline method.     

Application of platinum gauze activated by hydrogen to the adsorption separation of silver traces and their determination by aas or spectrophotometry

A method ("electrosorption") has been developed for separation of silver from copper by its deposition through internal electrolysis with hydrogen adsorbed on a platinum surface. The silver can then be stripped and determined by atomic-absorption spectrometry or the dithizone method. The activation of the platinum surface with adsorbed hydrogen can be achieved either electrolytically or by passing hydrogen gas through the solution in which the platinum is immersed. The method of electrosorption has been successfully applied to determination of trace levels of silver in copper metal.     

Titrimetric determination of silver,chloride and bromide in glasses

Titrimetric methods are described for the determination of total silver, free silver or free halide (Cl, Br and I), and bromide (or iodide) in glasses. Total silver is titrated potentiometrically with standard bromide solution after hydrofluoric—sulfuric acid sample decomposition followed by sodium hydrogensulfate fusion for volatilizing hydrogen halide. Free silver is determined similarly on a separate sample without the fusion step. For glasses containing excess of halide, free halide is titrated potentiometrically with standard silver(I) solution after dissolution of the sample in ice-cold hydrofluoric—nitric acid. Total bromide (or iodide) is determined by iodometric titration after oxidation to bromate (or iodate) with hypochlorite solution. The methods have been applied to a wide range of complex glass compositions and results are compared with values obtained by controlled-potential coulometry and x-ray fluorescence analysis.     

Indirect Microdetermination of Hydroxide Ions by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A simple indirect atomic absorption spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of hydroxide ions. The method is based on the reduction of silver ions which takes place when hydroxide sample is treated with silver (I) solution in presence of manganese(II) ions. The unconsumed silver is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effects of a number of factors have been studied and the method was employed for the determination of free alkali in paper samples.     

Determination of trace amounts of gold and silver in high-purity iron and steel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after reductive coprecipitation

Trace amounts of gold and silver in high-purity iron or steel were preconcentrated by reductive coprecipitation with palladium using ascorbic acid, and determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). Both gold and silver could be simultaneously separated and sensitively determined in 10 metals (aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium and zinc). Comparable values were obtained for gold and silver in reference materials (low alloy steel) by the proposed method and a non-separation method; good agreement was found between the analytical values by both methods and the certified values. The proposed method is easy, simple and not dependent on sample composition and content. Moreover, gold and silver in metal samples could be simultaneously separated together with selenium and tellurium. The detection limits for gold and silver (3 σ) are 0.003 μg g^–1 and 0.002 μg g^–1, respectively. Received: 3 February 2000 / Revised: 11 April 2000 / Accepted: 16 April 2000     

Determination of trace amounts of gold and silver in high-purity iron and steel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after reductive coprecipitation

Trace amounts of gold and silver in high-purity iron or steel were preconcentrated by reductive coprecipitation with palladium using ascorbic acid, and determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). Both gold and silver could be simultaneously separated and sensitively determined in 10 metals (aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium and zinc). Comparable values were obtained for gold and silver in reference materials (low alloy steel) by the proposed method and a non-separation method; good agreement was found between the analytical values by both methods and the certified values. The proposed method is easy, simple and not dependent on sample composition and content. Moreover, gold and silver in metal samples could be simultaneously separated together with selenium and tellurium. The detection limits for gold and silver (3 σ) are 0.003 μg g^–1 and 0.002 μg g^–1, respectively. Received: 3 February 2000 / Revised: 11 April 2000 / Accepted: 16 April 2000     

聚酰胺富集吸光光度法测定银

聚乙内酰胺作为Ａｇ的富集剂，从稀ＨＮＯ３溶液中富集Ａｇ具有吸附速度快，解脱容易，吸附容量大且可重复使用等优点。在选择条件下，最大吸附容量达５０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ，并作１８种元素干扰实验确定允许量。     

Contributions to the basic problems of complexometry-XXI: determination of nickel in the presence of cobalt

A new method for the determination of nickel in the presence of cobalt, based on the masking of the cobalt with potassium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide, is proposed. The yellow, or orange-yellow, complex of cobalt(III) is formed, from which cobalt is not displaced upon the addition of silver nitrate. Tetracyanonickelate, however, reacts quantitatively with silver nitrate, and the displaced nickel can be determined directly with EDTA, using Murexide as indicator. Up to 30 mg of cobalt can be tolerated in the solution.     

火试金-重量法测定铜硫矿中的金和银

针对铜硫矿中铜含量较高的特性,建立了适合该试样的配料比、高温熔融,金、银与铅形成合金,利用其比重悬殊与熔渣分离,将铅扣灰吹得金、银合粒,用硝酸分金,用重量法测定金量,用容量法测定银量。方法的相对标准偏差0.66%~4.8%,加标回收率96.5%~100.6%,方法准确度高、精密度好,可应用于生产及贸易结算中。     

Determination of peroxydiphosphate in acid medium with oxalate (i) with silver(I) as catalyst and (ii) in the presence of excess of manganese(II)

Peroxydiphosphate can be determined with oxalate in acid medium in the presence of silver(I). Excess of oxalic acid along with the sample and silver (I) is heated to boiling and the excess of oxalic acid is titrated against standard permanganate. Another method involves boiling for 2 min a mixture consisting of the sample and excess of manganese(II), followed by titration of the resulting Mn(III) or MnO(2) with standard oxalic acid solution.     

Analytical applications of the o-dianisidine-persulfate reaction: Kinetic determination of silver and cobalt

A kinetic method for the silver determination based on the catalytic effect of Ag(I) on the oxidation of o-dianisidine by persulfate at pH = 4.5 in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline is proposed. Ag(I) can be determined by measuring the absorbance of the reaction product at 450 nm, using the fixed time method. Co(II) does not have a catalytic effect in the reaction, but in the simultaneous presence of silver and cobalt the reaction shows an induction period the length of which is related to the Ag/Co molar ratio. As a consequence, two new methods for the determination of cobalt and silver using the induction period method are proposed. The two methods for silver are applied to the determination of silver in lead.     

Kinetic spectrofluorimetric determination of silver, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyrocatechol-1-aldehyde 2-pyridylhydrazone by peroxodisulphate in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline as activator

A kinetic fluorimetric method for the determination of silver is described, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyrocatechol-1-aldehyde 2-pyridylhydrazone by peroxodisulphate. In aqueous solution silver concentrations of 0.2-0.8 mug ml can be determined, and 10-80 ng ml in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline as activator. The fluorescent species obtained (lambda(ex) 357 nm, lambda(em) 445 nm) results from oxidation of the reagent. The kinetic parameters and the interferences are reported, and the method is applied to the determination of silver in developed panchromatic plates.     

Determination of trace amounts of silver with a chemically modified carbon paste electrode

A method for the determination of trace amounts of silver with a chemically modified carbon paste electrode is described. The modified electrode is prepared by simply mixing a chelating resin (a polythioether backbone and dioxymonosulphur polyethylene polyimines in the side-chain polymer) with graphite powder and Nujol oil. By immersing the electrode in a silver sample solution (pH = 6.5–7.5), silver can be adsorbed on the electrode surface and then determined by voltammetry in a separate blank solution. The response depends on the concentration of silver and the preconcentration time. For a preconcentration time of 5 min, the detection limit is about 3 × 10^?10 M and the linear range is from 5 × 10^?10 to 1 × 10^?7 M with a relative standard deviation of 4%. Many common metal ions have no or little effect on the determination of silver. The recommended procedure was applied to the determination of trace amounts of silver in waste water.     

meso-四(4-磺酸基苯基)卟啉与银(Ⅰ)高灵敏显色反应的研究与应用

本文提出以meso-四(4-磺酸基苯基)卟啉(TPPS_4)为显色剂和CTMAB、β-CD为辅助配合剂,在酸性条件下灵敏度最高的测定痕量银的分光光度新体系。实验发现在此显色反应进行完全后,以适量H_2SO_4溶液(2+3)酸化,将过量的显色剂转化为质子化H_4P~(2+)形体,其最大吸收波长红移,而配合物稳定且最大吸收峰不变,增大了对比度(Δλ=66nm);同时提高了方法的灵敏度和选择性,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=5.21×10~5L/mol·cm。应用本法于相纸、定影废液和矿石等试样中银的测定,与AAS法结果一致。     

银离子配位萃取银杏叶中多萜长链化合物的研究

本文建立了银杏叶中多萜长链化合物Ag⁺配位萃取方法，构筑了含Ag⁺配位萃取体系。研究了萃取剂极性、萃取温度、Ag⁺浓度等因素对分配比D的影响，分析测定了银杏叶聚戊烯醇(PPs)与Ag⁺的配位萃取比m，确定了配位萃取条件及解离条件。试验结果表明，所建立的含Ag+配位萃取剂用于分离浓缩聚戊烯类化合物选择性好、效率高，萃取剂再生方法简便。     

离子选择性电极动力学分析法测定银

光度法测定某些金属离子催化K_4Fe(CN)_6与水的取代反应的动力学分析已有报道,但干扰较多,灵敏度低。用氰离子选择电极的电位动力学法测定Hg~(2+)、Au~(3+)已有研究。本文探讨了对银离子的测定,发现在一定条件下银离子浓度与电位值的变化有线性关系,线性范围在2.5×10~(19)～8.0×10~(-8)mol/L。此法干扰较少,灵敏度高。同时对该反应的机理也进行了初步探讨。     

Determination of colloidal and dissolved silver in water samples using colorimetric solid-phase extraction

The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics has led to resurgence in the use of silver as a biocidal agent in applications ranging from washing machine additives to the drinking water treatment system on the International Space Station (ISS). However, growing concerns about the possible toxicity of colloidal silver to bacteria, aquatic organisms and humans have led to recently issued regulations by the US EPA and FDA regarding the usage of silver. As part of an ongoing project, we have developed a rapid, simple method for determining total silver, both ionic (silver(I)) and colloidal, in 0.1-1 mg/L aqueous samples, which spans the ISS potable water target of 0.3-0.5 mg/L (total silver) and meets the US EPA limit of 0.1 mg/L in drinking water. The method is based on colorimetric solid-phase extraction (C-SPE) and involves the extraction of silver(I) from water samples by passage through a solid-phase membrane impregnated with the colorimetric reagent DMABR (5-[4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene]rhodanine). Silver(I) exhaustively reacts with impregnated DMABR to form a colored compound, which is quantified using a handheld diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. Total silver is determined by first passing the sample through a cartridge containing Oxone, which exhaustively oxidizes colloidal silver to dissolved silver(I). The method, which takes less than 2 min to complete and requires only ∼1 mL of sample, has been validated through a series of tests, including a comparison with the ICP-MS analysis of a water sample from ISS that contained both silver(I) and colloidal silver. Potential earth-bound applications are also briefly discussed.