Ternäre Lithium-Selten-Erd-Nitrate mit einsamen Nitrationen: Li3[M(NO3)5](NO3) (M = Gd?Lu,Y). Die Kristallstruktur von Li3Er(NO3)6

Ternary Lithium Rare Earth Nitrates with Lonesome Nitrate Ions: Li₃[M(NO₃)₅](NO₃) (M = Gd? Lu, Y). The Crystal Structure of Li₃Er(NO₃)₆ Single crystals of the ternary nitrate Li₃Er(NO₃)₆ are obtained from a solution of “Er(NO₃)₃” in the melt of LiNO₃. In Li₃Er(NO₃)₆ (monoclinic, P2₁/n, Z = 4; a = 776.0(1); b = 748.86(8); c = 2 396(1) pm; β = 90.76(3)°; R1 = 0.0490; wR2 = 0.0792), Er³⁺ is surrounded by five bidentate nitrate ligands yielding the anionic units [Er(NO₃)₅]^2?. These are arranged in the direction of the 2₁ screw axis. Two lonesome NO₃^? ions are in the middle of such a “helix” and are connected by Li⁺ with the anions [Er(NO₃)₅]^2?. The helices are moved against each other by about half of the lattice constant a and are connected by further Li⁺ ions.     

Cu(II) complexes of N-propyl-2-picolinamine N-oxide

Cu(II) complexes have been prepared with N-propyl-2-picolinamine N-oxide(PA) employing the perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, nitrate, chloride and bromide salts. The following unique solids have been isolated and characterized: Cu(PA)₂X₂ (X = ClO₄^?, BF₄^? and NO₃^?) and Cu(PA)X₂ (X = Cl^?, Br^?). Characterization has been accomplished primarily by IR, electronic and ESR measurements of the solid state since considerable alteration of the complexes occurs on dissolution. PA bonds as a bidentate ligand via its N-oxide oxygen and amine nitrogen in all of the complexes. Anion coordination occurs in the halogen complexes and the nitrate ions appear to be bound to Cu(II) as monodentate ligands in Cu(PA)₂(NO₃)₂. In addition, there appears to be a rhombic distortion of the CuO₂N₂ chromophore of the perchlorate and tetrafluoroborate solids which is probably due to the steric requirements of the propyl substituents.     

Synthese und Struktur der ternären Ammoniumnitrate (NH4)2[M(NO3)5] (M = Tb?Lu,Y

Synthesis and Structure of the Ternary Ammonium Nitrates (NH₄)₂[M(NO₃)₅] (M = Tb? Lu, Y) Single crystals of the ternary ammonium nitrates (NH₄)₂[M(NO₃)₅] (M = Tb? Lu, Y) are obtained from the solution of the sesquioxides in a melt of NH₄NO₃ and sublimation of the excess NH₄NO₃. In the crystal structure of (NH₄)₂[Tm(NO₃)₅] (trigonal, P3₁, Z = 3; a = 1 123.76(8), c = 930.1(1) pm; R = 0.062; R_w = 0.034) Tm³⁺ is surrounded by five bidentate nitrate ligands. The isolated [Tm(NO₃)₅]^2? groups are held together by ammonium ions.     

(NH4)6Nd(NO3)9, ein ammoniumreiches ternäres Lanthanidnitrat mit einsamen Nitrationen: (NH4)6[Nd(NO3)6](NO3)3

(NH₄)₆Nd(NO₃)₉, A Ternary Ammonium-Rich Lanthanide Nitrate with Lonesome Nitrate Ions: (NH₄)₆[Nd(NO₃)₆](NO₃)₃ . Single crystals of the ternary ammonium neodymium nitrate (NH₄)₆Nd(NO₃)₉ are obtained from a solution of Nd₂O₃ in a melt of NH₄NO₃. In the crystal structure (monoclinic, C 2/c, Z = 4, a = 1 775.1(4), b = 912.7(3), c = 2 072.3(5) pm; β = 125.56(1)°; R = 0.059, R_w = 0.036) the Nd³⁺ ion is surrounded by six bidentate nitrate ligands so that anionic units [Nd(NO₃)₆]^3? are formed. The units are isolated, but they are incorporated in layers parallel to (010). The structure is held together by a network of hydrogen bonds, built up by NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? ions lying between the layers. Due to the structure, the compound may be described as a double salt like (NH₄)₃[Nd(NO₃)₆] · 3 NH₄NO₃ or, better, as (NH₄)₆[Nd(NO₃)₆](NO₃)₃.     

Anhydrous Nitrates and Nitrosonium Nitratometallates of Manganese and Cobalt,M(NO3)2, NO[Mn(NO3)3], and (NO)2[Co(NO3)4]: Synthesis and Crystal Structure

Crystalline NO[Mn(NO₃)₃] ( I ) and (NO)₂[Co(NO₃)₄] ( II ) were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding metal and a liquid N₂O₄/ethylacetate mixture. I is orthorhombic, Pca2₁, a = 9.414(2), b = 15.929(3), c = 10.180(2) Å, Z = 4, R₁ = 0.0286. II is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 14.463(3), b = 19.154(4), c = 13.724(3) Å, β = 120.90(3), Z = 12, R₁ = 0.0890. Structure I consists of [Mn(NO₃)₃]^– sheets with NO⁺ cations between them. Two types of Mn atoms have CN_Mn = 7 and 8. Structure II is ionic containing isolated [Co(NO₃)₄]‐anions and NO⁺ cations with CN_Co = 8. Crystals of Mn(NO₃)₂ ( III ) and Co(NO₃)₂ ( IV ) were obtained by concentration of metal nitrate hydrate solutions in 100% HNO₃ in a desiccator with P₂O₅. III is cubic, Pa 3, a = 7.527(2) Å, Z = 4, R₁ = 0.0987. IV is trigonal, R 3, a = 10.500(2), c = 12.837(3) Å, Z = 12, R₁ = 0.0354. The three dimensional structure III is isotypic to the strontium and barium dinitrates. Structure IV contains a three dimensional network of interconnected Co(NO₃)_6/3 units with a distorted octahedral coordination environment of Co atoms. General correlations between central atom coordination and coordination modes of NO₃ groups are discussed.     

Crystal structure of [Pd(NH3)4][Rh(NH3)(NO2)5]

An XRD analysis is used to study the single crystal of [Pd(NH₃)₄][Rh(NH₃)(NO₂)₅] double complex salt at T = 150(2) K. Crystallographic characteristics are as follows: a = 7.6458(5) ?, b = 9.8813(6) ?, c = 9.5788(7) ?, β = 109.469(2)°, V = 682.30(8) ?³, P2₁/m space group, Z = 2, d _x = 2.553 g/cm³. The geometry of the complex [Rh(NH₃)(NO₂)₅]²⁻ anion is described for the first time: Rh-N(NO₂) distances are 2.020(4)–2.060(3) ?, Rh-N(NH₃) 2.074(4) ?, N(NO₂)-Rh-N(NH₃) trans-angle is 178.8(2)°.     

Redoxreaktionen an nickelorganokomplexen durch nitrosoverbindungen und aliphatische aldehyde: Möglichkeiten des einsatzes der spintrapmethode

ESR investigations of the reaction between (bipy)Ni(C₂H₅)₂ and aromatic nitroso compounds (RNO) show the formation of paramagnetic, unstable complexes containing the radical RNO^. which is followed by elimination of nitroxide radicals C₂H₅(R)NO^..(bipy)Ni(COD) is oxidized by RNO to give nickel(I) species and several trapped radicals derived from COD. In the presence of aldehydes no paramagnetic nickel species, but ethyl radicals and spin adducts of the aldehydes can be observed. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.     

Synthese,Struktur und Thermolyse der ternären Ammoniumnitrate (NH4)3[M2(NO3)(9] (M  La?Gd)

Synthesis, Structure, and Thermolysis of the (NH₄)₃[M₂(NO₃)₉] (M ? La? Gd) The ternary ammonium nitrates (NH₄)₃[M₂(NO₃)₉] (M ? La-Gd) are obtained as single crystals from a solution of the respective sesquioxides in a melt of NH₄NO₃ and sublimation of the excess NH₄NO₃. In the crystal structure of (NH₄)₃[Pr₂(NO₃)₉] (cubic, P4₃32, Z = 4, a = 1 377.0(1) pm, R = 0.038, R_w = 0.023) Pr³⁺ is surrounded by six bidentate nitrate ligands of which three are bridging to neighbouring Pr³⁺ ions. This results in a branched folded chain, held together by the NH₄⁺ ions which occupy cavities in the structure. (NH₄)₃[Pr₂(NO₃)₉] is the first intermediate product of the thermal decomposition of (NH₄)₂[Pr(NO₃)₅(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O.     

Synthesis,characterization, and biological evaluation of new copper complexes of naphthyl pyrazole ligands

Two naphthalene pyrazole ligands were synthesized using KOH/DMSO and Cu catalyst and characterized with FT-IR, ESI-MS, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The crystal structures of 1-(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole (MeNap-Pz) ligand have been determined with X-ray crystal structure analysis. Reaction of the ligands with Cu(NO₃)₂x3.5H₂O gave two new complexes and characterized with magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, FT-IR, LCMS-MS, ICP-OES, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, and ESR spectra. The spectral data of the ligands are coordinated to the metal ion through the nitrogen atoms of the pyrazole ring. Consequently, it has been determined that [Cu(MeNap-Pz)₂(NO₃)]NO₃.2H₂O complex showed square planar geometry and [Cu(NapMe-Pz)₂(NO₃)₂].H₂O complex showed octahedral geometry. All compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity and copper complexes have been shown to be effective on bacteria.     

Synthese und Struktur der ersten Wasserfreien ternären Lithiumnitrate der Lanthanide,Li2[M(NO3)5] (M = La,Pr?Eu)

Synthesis and Structure of the First Anhydrous Ternary Lithium Nitrates of the Lanthanides, Li₂[M(NO₃)₅] (M = La, Pr? Eu). Single crystals of the ternary lithium nitrates of the lanthanides, Li₂[M(NO₃)₅] (M = La, Pr? Eu), are obtained by dissolving the respective anhydrous nitrate, previously obtained by dehydration of M(NO₃)₃ · 6 H₂O at 180°C under vacuum, in a melt of LiNO₃. In the crystal structure of Li₂[Pr(NO₃)₅] (orthorhombic, Pnnm, Z = 4, a = 899.6(2), b = 1 052.7(2), c = 1 178.6(2)pm; R = 0.072, R_w = 0.034) there are two crystallographically different Pr³⁺ ions, each surrounded by six bidentate nitrate ligands. One nitrate group is bridging between Pr1 and Pr2 resulting in a winded chain, [(O_2/2NO_2/1)Pr1(NO₃)₄(O_2/2NO_2/1)Pr2(O_2/2NO_2/1)(NO₃)₄]^5?, running along [010]. The chains are packed hexagonally and held together by lithium ions. The coordination polyhydron of Li⁺ may be described as a bicapped trigonal prism.     

Crystal Structure of the Mixed‐Valent Basic Mercury Nitrate HgI2(NO3)2·HgII(OH)(NO3)·HgII(NO3)2·4HgIIO [= Hg8O4(OH)(NO3)5]

Light‐yellow single crystals of the mixed‐valent mercury‐rich basic nitrate Hg₈O₄(OH)(NO₃)₅ were obtained as a by‐product at 85 °C from a melt consisting of stoichiometric amounts of (Hg^I₂)(NO₃)₂·2H₂O and Hg^II(OH)(NO₃). The title compound, represented by the more detailed formula Hg^I₂(NO₃)₂·Hg^II(OH)(NO₃)·Hg^II(NO₃)₂·4Hg^IIO, exhibits a new structure type (monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4, a = 6.7708(7), b = 11.6692(11), c = 24.492(2) Å, β = 96.851(2)°, 2920 structure factors, 178 parameters, R1[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.0316) and is made up of almost linear [O‐Hg^II‐O] and [O‐Hg^I‐Hg^I‐O] building blocks with typical Hg^II‐O distances around 2.06Å and a Hg^I‐O distance of 2.13Å. The Hg₂²⁺ dumbbell exhibits a characteristic Hg‐Hg distance of 2.5079(7) Å. The different types of mercury‐oxygen units form a complex three‐dimensional network exhibiting large cavities which are occupied by the nitrate groups. The NO₃^? anions show only weak interactions between the nitrate oxygen atoms and the mercury atoms which are at distances > 2.6Å from one another. One of the three crystallographically independent nitrate groups is disordered.     

Rate coefficients for the gas‐phase reaction of isoprene with NO3 and NO2

Rate coefficients for the gas‐phase reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals and with nitrogen dioxide were determined. A Teflon collapsible chamber with solid phase micro extraction (SPME) for sampling and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and a glass reactor with long‐path FTIR spectroscopy were used to study the NO₃ radical reaction using the relative rate technique with trans‐2‐butene and 2‐buten‐1‐ol (crotyl alcohol) as reference compounds. The rate coefficients obtained are k(isoprene + NO₃) = (5.3 ± 0.2) × 10^?13 and k(isoprene + NO₃) = (7.3 ± 0.9) × 10^?13 for the reference compounds trans‐2‐butene and 2‐buten‐1‐ol, respectively. The NO₂ reaction was studied using the glass reactor and FTIR spectroscopy under pseudo‐first‐order reaction conditions with both isoprene and NO₂ in excess over the other reactant. The obtained rate coefficient was k(isoprene + NO₂) = (1.15 ± 0.08) × 10^?19. The apparent rate coefficient for the isoprene and NO₂ reaction in air when NO₂ decay was followed was (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10^?19. The discrepancy is explained by the fast formation of peroxy nitrates. Nitro‐ and nitrito‐substituted isoprene and isoprene‐peroxynitrate were tentatively identified products from this reaction. All experiments were conducted at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure in nitrogen or synthetic air. All rate coefficients are in units of cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1, and the errors are three standard deviations from a linear least square analyses of the experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 57–65, 2005     

Controlled-Potential Coulometric Determination of Iridium in Hexanitroiridate(III) with Microwave Sample Preparation

A procedure is proposed for determining 0.40 to 7.00 mg of iridium (RSD = 1–4%) in Ir(NO₂)^3- ₆. The procedure involved the fast conversion of Ir(NO₂)^3- ₆ into IrCl^2- ₆ by heating it with an HCl solution in a microwave oven and the controlled-potential coulometric determination of iridium using the Ir(IV)/Ir(III) redox system.     

Ionization of NO2 clusters in a supersonic nozzle beam: appearance of the odd-number cluster ions of NO2

Cluster ions (NO₂)⁺_n, n = 2−13, were detected mass spectrometrically in a supersonic nozzle beam by both photon- and electron-impact ionization. The odd-number cluster ions (NO₂)⁺_2m+1 appeared dominantly over the even-number cluster ions (NO₂)⁺_2m. The results are consistently explained by the dissociative ionization of the (sym-N₂O₄)_n clusters and ionization (involving intra-cluster charge transfer) of the (sym-N₂O₄)_nNO₂ clusters produced via supersonic expansion of NO₂: (sym-N₂O₄)₂ + hν → (sym-N₂O₄)_n–1NO⁺₂ + NO₂ + e⁻ and (sym-N₂O₄)_nNO₂ + hν → (sym-N₂O₄)_nNO⁺₂ + e⁻.     

A charge-separation-type ionic solid composed of hexanuclear complexes with a macrocyclic tetragold(I) metalloligand

The reaction of Na[Co^III(d -ebp)] (d -H₄ebp = N,N′-ethylenebis[d -penicillamine]) with [(Au^ICl)₂(dppe)] (dppe = 1,2-bis[diphenylphosphino]ethane) gave a cationic Au^I₄Co^III₂ hexanuclear complex, [Co^III₂(L^Au4)]²⁺ ([ 1 ]²⁺), where [L^Au4]⁴⁻ is a cyclic tetragold(I) metalloligand with a 32-membered ring, [Au^I₄(dppe)₂(d -ebp)₂]⁴⁻. Complex [ 1 ]²⁺ crystallized with NO₃⁻ to produce a charge-separation (CS)-type ionic solid of [ 1 ](NO₃)₂. In [ 1 ](NO₃)₂, the complex cations are assembled to form cationic supramolecular hexamers of {[ 1 ]²⁺}₆, which are closely packed in a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice structure. The nitrate anions of [ 1 ](NO₃)₂ were accommodated in hydrophilic and hydrophobic tetrahedral interstices of the fcc structure to form tetrameric and hexameric nitrate clusters of {NO₃⁻}₄ and {NO₃⁻}₆, respectively. An analogous CS-type ionic solid formulated as [Ni^IICo^III(L^Au4)](NO₃) ([ 2 ](NO₃)) was obtained when a 1:1 mixture of Na[Co^III(d -ebp)] and [Ni^II(d -H₂ebp)] was reacted with [(Au^ICl)₂(dppe)], accompanied by the conversion of the diamagnetic, square-planar [Ni^II(d -H₂ebp)] to the paramagnetic, octahedral [Ni^II(d -ebp)]²⁻. While the overall fcc structure in [ 2 ](NO₃) was similar to that of [ 1 ](NO₃)₂, none of the nitrate anions were accommodated in any hydrophobic tetrahedral interstice, reflecting the difference in the complex charges between [ 1 ]²⁺ and [ 2 ]⁺.     

Cs4[La(NO3)6](NO3). HNO3: Das erste Salpetersäureaddukt eines ternären Alkali-Lanthanidnitrats

Cs₄[La(NO₃)₆](NO₃) · HNO₃: The First Nitric Acid Adduct of a Ternary Alkali Lanthanide Nitrate In the crystal structure of Cs₄[La(NO₃)₆](NO₃). HNO₃ (monoclinic, P2₁/c, Z = 2, a = 787.3(2); b = 1353.0(3); c = 1141.8(7) pm; β = 94,37(3)°) La³⁺ has a coordination number of twelve (six bidentate nitrate ligands). The structure may be viewed at as a layer structure: Layers of the composition [Cs(1)₄La₂(NO₃)₁₂]^2?, and [Cs(2)₄(NO₃)₂(HNO₃)₂]²⁺ are stacked alternatively in the [100] direction.     

Synthesis and crystal structures of lithium and potassium hexanitroruthenates (II)

A procedure for preparing Li₄[Ru(NO₂)₆]…12H₂O and K₄[Ru(NO₂)₆] is described. We have carried out an X-ray diffraction study of polycrystals (DRON-UM1 diffractometer, R=192mm, CuK_α radiation, Ni filter) and single crystals (CAD-4 automatic diffractometer, MoK_α radiation, graphite monochromator, ω/2? scan mode). Crystal data for Li₄[Ru(NO₂)₆]…12H₂O are a=11.749(9), c=16.807(12) Å, space group $I\bar 4$ , V=2320.0 ų, Z=4, d_calc=1.778 g/cm³; for K₄ [Ru(NO₂)₆]: a=8.595(1) Å, α=53.23 (2)^o, space group $R\bar 3$ , V=367.0 ų, Z=1, d_calc=2.414 g/cm³. The structures are composed of [Ru(NO₂)₆]^4? comple anions, alkaline metal cations, and crystallization water molecules. In both compounds, the coordination polyhedra of Ru are nearly regular octahedra formed by nitrite nitrogen atoms. The Ru-N bond lengths are 2.054–2.102 Å. The NO₂ groups have virtually the same geometric characteristics: the N?O distances are within 1.196–1.316 Å and the O?N?O angles are 112.9–117.4^o. The coordination environment of alkaline metals by oxygen atoms is discussed.     

Photoconductivity of poly(vinyl alcohol) films containing Cu2+ complexes

Photoconductivity has been measured in well-dried poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAl) films containing Cu²⁺ complexes prepared by treatment with Cu(NO₃)₂, CuSO₄, CuCl₂, and CuBr₂. When the ratio [Cu²⁺]/[MU] ([MU] denoting the concentration of PVAl monomer residues) is greater than 0.015, illumination at the charge-transfer (UV) band produces a strong photocurrent in PVAl-CuCl₂ and PVAl-CuBr₂, but not in PVAl-Cu(NO₃)₂ or PVAl-CuSO₄. Optical absorption spectra suggest that two halide ions enter the first coordination sphere in the cis configuration. The temperature dependence of ESR indicates the existence of antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction via intervening halide ions. Hence, there exists a network structure of the PVAl-CuCl₂ or PVAl-CuBr₂ complex. The dependence of the photocurrent on the polarity of the illuminated electrode shows that the majority of carriers are holes. Holes in the network structure produced by charge transfer from halogen to Cu²⁺ ions are concluded to be responsible for the photoconduction.     

Extraction of heterometal ruthenium(II) complexes by diphenyl(dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide from nitrate-nitrite solutions

The synergistic extraction of [RuNO(NO₂)₄OH]^2? by diphenyl(dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide (L) in the presence of nonprecious metal cations (M²⁺) is studied; the extraction occurs on the account of the formation of heterometal complexes [RuNO(NO₂)₄OHML_m] (M = Zn, Cu, Co, Ni) due to the addition of M²⁺ to ruthenium through the oxygen atoms of the OH and NO₂ groups and the bidentate coordination of L to M²⁺. The extraction constants for Ru/M complexes and ML_n(NO₃)₂ are determined. The variation in the extraction constants with changing M (Co, Zn, Cu > Ni) does not agree with the Irwing-Williams row, unlike the extraction with monodentate PO-containing extractants (Zn > Cu > Co > Ni). The feasibility of ruthenium extraction in the form of Ru/M complexes from complex nitrate-nitrite solutions is demonstrated.     

Das Chloridnitrat PrCl2(NO3) · 5 H2O mit kationischen und anionischen Komplexen gemäß [PrCl2(H2O)6][PrCl2(NO3)2(H2O)4]

The Chloride Nitrate PrCl₂(NO₃) · 5 H₂O with Cationic and Anionic Complexes according to [PrCl₂(H₂O)₆][PrCl₂(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₄] Green single crystals of PrCl₂(NO₃) · 5 H₂O have been obtained from an aqueous solution of PrCl₃ and Pr(NO₃)₃. The crystal structure [monoclinic, P2/c, Z = 4, a = 1228.8(3), b = 648.4(1), c = 1266.0(4) pm, β = 91.91(3)°] contains cationic and anionic Pr³⁺ complexes according to [PrCl₂(H₂O)₆][PrCl₂(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₄]. Both nitrate groups of the anionic complex act as bidentate chelating ligands. Hydrogen bonds are observed with water molecules as donors and chlorine as well as oxygen atoms as acceptors.