EDTA对超临界二氧化碳法制备碳酸钡粒子形貌影响的研究

以氢氧化钡和二氧化碳气体为原料,采用超临界二氧化碳法,通过添加乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)并控制其用量,制备出柱状、棒状、椭球状和球状等不同形貌的碳酸钡颗粒.采用TG/SDTA、SEM、XRD和FT-IR等对产品进行分析与表征,结果表明:不同形貌碳酸钡粒子均属于正交晶系.同时对EDTA形貌控制机理进行了初步分析.     

室温固相反应制备超细碳酸钡粒子的研究

以BaCl2·2H2O和Na2CO3为原料,采用固相法合成了碳酸钡粒子.通过添加合适的晶形控制剂,选择合适的用量,合成了球状和针状碳酸钡粉体,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和x射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征,结果表明:在无控制剂和添加控制剂LSX-2时,生成了球状碳酸钡粒子,添加控制剂LSX-3时,生成了针状碳酸钡粒子,且各粒子均为正交晶系碳酸钡.     

不同晶形超细碳酸钡粒子的制备研究

本文分别采用均相沉淀法和共沉淀法合成了碳酸钡粒子.通过添加合适的晶形控制剂,合成了线状、柱状和球状等不同晶形的碳酸钡粉体,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征,并对不同晶形碳酸钡的形成机理进行了初步的探讨.     

花生状碳酸钡粒子的制备与表征

本文以BaCl2·2H2O和Na2CO3为原料,采用共沉淀法合成了碳酸钡粒子.通过添加合适的晶形控制剂,选择合适的用量,合成了花生状的碳酸钡粒子,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征,结果表明:当控制剂WHB-1用量在85;以上时,生成的花生状碳酸钡粒子为正交晶系,粒度分布均匀,在500nm左右,且粒子分散性良好,几乎没有团聚现象.并对花生状碳酸钡粒子的形成机理进行了初步的探讨.     

系列哑铃形BaCO3晶体的制备

以氯化钡、尿素、氢氧化钠和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)为原料,通过络合与均相沉淀法成功合成一系列哑铃形碳酸钡晶体,并采用XRD、SEM、SAED和FT-IR对样品进行了表征.结果表明:添加EDTA对碳酸钡晶形有显著影响,随EDTA浓度变化,可得到一系列哑铃型碳酸钡晶体.反应时间和pH值对晶形也有一定影响.研究表明在EDTA浓度为0.025 mol/L,反应时间为5 min,水浴温度为95 ℃,pH=14条件下,制得的哑铃形碳酸钡粒子为亚微米级多晶,具有纯度高,分散性好,晶形完整均一的特点.     

柠檬酸钠作用下碳酸钙的制备

选取柠檬酸钠(Na3C6H5O7)为碳酸钙生长的控制剂,通过气体扩散的方法仿生合成了不同形貌的碳酸钙,并考察矿化时间对碳酸钙晶型和形貌的调控作用.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)以及X射线衍射(XRD)对所得产物进行了表征.结果表明,随着矿化时间的改变所得碳酸钙粒子的形貌发生了显著的变化,出现哑铃状、高尔夫球状、球状等形貌.     

弱外磁场辅助氧化共沉淀法合成正八面体Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒

本文在弱外磁场辅助条件下,采用氧化共沉淀方法调控合成了正八面体Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒.采用XRD、SEM、振动磁强计(VSM)来表征产物的晶型、形貌和磁性能.XRD结果表明,产物具有尖晶石结构,且结晶良好、纯度高;SEM观察结果表明Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒均为二次粒子,由更小的粒子成长而来;VSM测定结果说明各种形貌的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子具备良好的磁性能.同时,分析了粒子不同形貌的成核机理.结果表明采用弱外磁场辅助的办法可以获得具有良好晶型、正八面体形貌形貌和良好磁性能的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒.     

Cu2ZnSnS4纳米粒子的水热合成及其光催化性能研究

以易获取的氯化铜、氯化锌、氯化亚锡等无毒材料为原料,采用水热合成法制备得到Cu2ZnSnS4纳米粒子.并采用XRD、SEM分析了不同反应温度和硫源对Cu2ZnSnS4纳米粒子的晶相结构、显微形貌的影响,并以降解罗丹明B为模型,研究了Cu2ZnSnS4纳米粒子的光催化性能.研究表明:在180 ℃下使用Na2S为硫源反应12 h所得的产物为形貌均一的多晶Cu2ZnSnS4纳米粒子;在该条件下制得的产物降解20 mg/L罗丹明B时,在LED灯光照150 min后其光催化效率达到98;以上且降解过程中逐步脱乙基生成4种中间产物.     

不同表面活性剂对水热/溶剂热法制备ZnS∶ Eu2+形貌的影响

采用超声水热/溶剂热过程使Zn(CH3COO)2,Eu2 O3和H2NCSNH2在不同混合溶剂下反应,通过改变表面活性剂的浓度、原料配比、反应温度等变量成功制备了不同形貌的ZnS∶ Eu2+样品.采用XRD、SEM对样品结构和形貌情况进行测试表征.结果表明:控制不同的反应条件可以合成包括颗粒、絮状、微球及一维条状等ZnS∶ Eu2+形貌,其中乙二胺对形成微球形貌具有明显影响.使用荧光光谱仪分析在乙二胺/水/无水乙醇反应系统中制备的样品,结果表明掺杂3.5mol; Eu2+的样品呈蓝光,且在乙二胺为10 mL时发光最强.     

熔盐条件下反应原料对钛酸钡相形成动力学的影响研究

选择硝酸钡、乙酸钡、碳酸钡、氢氧化钡与二氧化钛作原料,利用熔盐法,在不同温度,不同保温时间下煅烧制备高纯度的钛酸钡纳米晶.采用XRD、SEM对样品进行表征的基础上,通过模拟初步研究了不同反应原料对钛酸钡晶体合成动力学的影响.结果表明:各组反应物均符合JMAK模型和纯界面模型,说明这两个模型是熔盐法制备钛酸钡的生长动力学的通用模型.此外,硝酸钡、乙酸钡两组还符合自由形核、快速生长模型和收缩球面界面模型,而碳酸钡和氢氧化钡两组则不符合,这可能和反应物分解温度有关,不同的分解温度会影响动力学过程.     

Using an electrochemical technique to study the effective variables on morphology and deposition of CaCO3 and BaSO4 at the metal surface

In this work using an electrochemical technique, deposition and crystal growth of calcium carbonate and barium sulphate at a stainless steel electrode is investigated through a rotating disk electrode involving oxygen reduction under diffusion condition. The influence of some parameters such as pressure, temperature, surfactant, cosalt and pH on morphology and deposition of CaCO₃ and BaSO₄ at surface of the stainless steel are studied. The results of the temperature tests reveal that the surface deposition is reduced by increase of the temperature and decrease of pH. The pressure also proves to have a significant influence on the morphology and the structure of calcium carbonate and barium sulphate deposition at the metal surface. With establishing a flow condition at high pressure, nucleation and deposition of calcium carbonate and barium sulphate at the metal surface generate the nano size of CaCO₃ and BaSO₄ crystals and leads to reduction of the coverage of the surface. In the presence of surfactant, it is shown that deposition of the calcium carbonate decreases the surface coverage so that after the point of the critical molar concentration of surfactant, a reduction of deposition of the calcium carbonate and barium sulphate at the surface can be clearly observed. Finally, influence of monovalent cosalts such as NaCl and KCl are investigated so that it does not present any certain trend in the deposition; however the morphology of the deposited crystal considerably changes.     

Influence of stirring speed on the crystallization of calcium carbonate

Control over crystal morphology of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) was investigated by simply changing the stirring speeds in the process of CaCO₃ formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements explore the morphology evolution of CaCO₃ at varying stirring speeds. As the stirring speeds increase, rhombohedral calcite, spherical vaterite, and monoclinic crystal with coexistence of calcite phase and vaterite phase were formed, suggesting a facile control over calcium carbonate crystallization in constructing crystals with desired morphology. Moreover, almost pure vaterite spherical particles of narrow particle size distribution were formed at optimum stirring speed. Finally, also elucidated in this work is the mechanism investigation into the construction of various crystal forms via this simple route. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜的Sol-gel制备技术与微结构

研究了利用钡、锶的碳酸盐代替醋酸盐作原料,采用新的Sol-gel技术制备Ba1-xSrxTiO3(BST)铁电薄膜的技术.采用碳酸钡、碳酸锶和钛酸四丁酯作原料配制BST溶胶;通过TG/DTA分析确定了BST薄膜的制膜工艺;使用XRD、SEM、AFM技术分析了薄膜的微结构.研究结果表明,采用碳酸盐作为钡、锶的原料,用冰醋酸和乙二醇甲醚混合液作溶剂,可配制出澄清透明、能长时间放置的溶胶,用此溶胶制备出了膜厚均匀、表面光洁致密、没有裂纹的全钙钛矿相的BST薄膜;采用扫描探针显微镜的压电响应模式(PFM)观察到了BST薄膜中的具有纳米结构的a畴和c畴.     

Growth of nanofibrous barium carbonate on calcium carbonate seeds

Fibrous barium carbonate (BaCO₃/witherite) crystals 50–100 nm in diameter and several microns in length were grown on calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) seeds at temperatures as low as 4 °C. The BaCO₃ fibers were deposited onto calcite rhombs or CaCO₃ films using the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process, which was induced with the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (PAA). The structure and morphology of the resultant fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Fibers were successfully grown on calcite seeds of various morphologies, with a range of barium concentrations, and PAA molecular weight and concentration. Two categories of fibers were grown: straight and twisted. Both types of fibers displayed single-crystalline SAED diffraction patterns, but after examining high-resolution TEM lattice images, it was revealed that the fibers were in fact made up of nanocrystalline domains. We postulate that these nanocrystalline domains are well aligned due to a singular nucleation event (i.e., each fiber propagates from a single nucleation event on the seed crystal) with the nanocrystalline domains resulting from stresses caused by dehydration during crystallization of the highly hydrated precursor phase. These BaCO₃ fibers grown on calcite substrates further illustrate the robustness and non-specificity of the PILP process.     

Size and morphology controlled synthesis of barium sulfate

In this work submicron barium sulfate (BaSO₄) particles were synthesized successfully by chemical precipitation technique. We focused on the effects of pH and additives on the size and morphology of BaSO₄ crystals. Polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were used as crystal growth modifiers. BaSO₄ crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared resonance techniques. The results show that the submicron BaSO₄ particles have been synthesized successfully and the particle size of the barium sulfate was effectively controlled under the experimental conditions. Experimental studies revealed that the additive concentration and pH had great effect on the morphology and size of barium sulfate.     

The effect of calcium cations on the precipitation of barium sulfate 2: calcium ions in the presence of organic additives

Calcium ions have been implicated in changing the precipitation of barium sulfate when organic additives are present, although whether it inhibits or promotes nucleation and/or growth has been disputed in the literature. We conducted a thorough investigation into the effect of calcium when additives are present and show that calcium cations do indeed promote nucleation of barium sulfate particles when compared to the appropriate control. This result is independent of the analytical method (conductivity or turbidity) used to assess precipitation. The nucleation promotion produces no change in the crystal morphology, thus morphology is not always a good indicator of nucleation or growth behavior. The extent of nucleation promotion depends on the functional group of the additive.     

Growth of Barium Cerate Crystals from BaCl2 Solution

Barium cerate crystals of 1.5 mm diameter could be grown from melt solutions containing barium chloride, barium oxide (from thermolysis of barium carbonate), and cerium(IV) oxide. The maximum size of the crystals is limited by the low solubility of cerium(IV) oxide in the barium chloride melt (ca. 0.1 Mol%). The flux can be removed by leaching the melt with water. Acid solutions must not be used to avoid decomposition of the barium cerate crystals. Neither congruent melting or incongruent decomposition of the BaCeO₃ crystals could be found up to 1580 degrees centigrade.     

硫酸软骨素/L-谷氨酸对碳酸钙形貌及晶体生长影响的研究

根据生物矿化原理,通过CO2的缓慢扩散,在硫酸软骨素(CSB)/L-谷氨酸二元体系中,与富集在有机/无机界面钙离子的结合,合成了不同形貌的碳酸钙.系统地研究了室温下各种因素对碳酸钙晶体形貌和晶型的影响.产物用XRD、SEM和FT-IR进行表征,FT-IR和XRD分析表明:所得的晶体为方解石的晶型,SEM表明体系中CSB的浓度,pH值,CSB/L-谷氨酸的浓度比对碳酸钙形貌起着重要作用.通过改变实验条件得到了椭球型,哑铃型等形貌碳酸钙晶体,并对其可能的形成机理进行了分析.     

Nanosized barium carbonate particles stabilized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at the water/hexamethylene interface

Nanoparticles of barium carbonate (BaCO₃) have been synthesized in situ from barium chloride by the slow release of carbon dioxide by alkaline hydrolysis of diethyl carbonate, and stabilized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the water/hexamethylene interface. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray powder diffractometry were used to characterize the products. The results indicate that spherical BaCO₃ nanoparticles are obtained with poor crystallinity and diameters ranging from 30 to 300 nm. The possible formation mechanism of the nanoparticles at the interface is discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)