Application of the conditional source-term estimation model for turbulence–chemistry interactions in a premixed flame

Conditional Source-term Estimation (CSE) is a closure model for turbulence–chemistry interactions. This model uses the first-order CMC hypothesis to close the chemical reaction source terms. The conditional scalar field is estimated by solving an integral equation using inverse methods. It was originally developed and has been used extensively in non-premixed combustion. This work is the first application of this combustion model for a premixed flame. CSE is coupled with a Trajectory Generated Low-Dimensional Manifold (TGLDM) model for chemistry. The CSE-TGLDM combustion model is used in a RANS code to simulate a turbulent premixed Bunsen burner. Along with this combustion model, a similar model which relies on the flamelet assumption is also used for comparison. The results of these two approaches in the prediction of the velocity field, temperature and species mass fractions are compared together. Although the flamelet model is less computationally expensive, the CSE combustion model is more general and does not have the limiting assumption underlying the flamelet model.     

Design and analysis of a scaled model of a high-rise, high-speed elevator

A novel scaled model is developed to simulate the linear lateral dynamics of a hoist cable with variable length in a high-rise, high-speed elevator. The dimensionless groups used to formulate the scaling laws are derived through dimensional analysis. The model parameters are selected based on the scaling laws and are subject to the material, size, and hardware constraints. It is demonstrated that while it is impossible to obtain a fully scaled model unless the model is extremely tall, a reasonably sized model can be designed and the scaling laws that are not satisfied can be rendered to have a minimal effect on the scaling between the model and prototype. In conjunction with the model design, an analysis of model tension in a closed band loop is developed. A new movement profile that ensures a continuous jerk function during the entire period of motion is derived. The dynamic response of the prototype cable and that of the model band under consideration are compared numerically. Practical considerations that occur in the design of the model are addressed. The methodology can be used to investigate the vibration of a very long cable in other applications.     

包含液相扩散方程简化的锂离子电池电化学模型

锂离子电池的电化学模型对于电池特性分析和电池管理具有重要意义,但是准二维(P2D)模型复杂度太高,为了在保证模型精度的基础上尽量降低复杂度,本文提出了一种包含液相简化的P2D (LSP2D)模型,该模型首先基于电化学平均动力学将电池端电压化简成为仅耦合固相Li+浓度c_s和液相Li+浓度c_e的方程,然后进一步对表达c_s和c_e演化规律的偏微分方程进行抛物线近似化简,使得最终的模型由多项式组成.COMSOL仿真表明在放电倍率为1C时该模型与单粒子(SP)模型的估算精度和速度相当,但在放电倍率为3C时,该模型的估算时间比P2D模型减少了99.73%,与SP模型相当,估算精度相比SP模型有大幅度提升.     

Reducing slab track vibration into bridge using elastic materials in high speed railway

In this paper, the problem of vibration transmission from slab track structures into bridge is studied by theoretical analysis. A vehicle-track-bridge coupling system dynamics model is established based on a multibody dynamics theory and a finite element method. The system model consists of vehicle model, track-bridge model and wheel/rail interaction model. The vehicle model is established based on the multibody dynamics theory, and the tack-bridge model is established by the finite element method. The vehicle model and track-bridge model are coupled through wheel/rail interaction model, and the track irregularities are included. The system dynamic responses are calculated, and the effectiveness of elastic materials in vibration reducing is discussed. The results demonstrate that elastic materials like slab mat layer inserted between slab track and bridge can reduce vibration transmitted from track into the bridge. Some suggestions for the design and application of slab mat are provided in the end of the paper.     

考虑自热效应的互连线功耗优化模型

基于互连线的分布式功耗模型,考虑自热效应的同时采用非均匀互连线结构,提出了一种基于延时、带宽、面积、最小线宽和最小线间距约束的互连动态功耗优化模型.分别在90和65 nm互补金属氧化物半导体工艺节点下验证了功耗优化模型的有效性,在工艺约束下同时不牺牲延时、带宽和面积所提模型能够降低高达35％互连线功耗.该模型适用于片上网络构架中大型互连路由结构和时钟网络优化设计.     

The comparative analysis of prebiological evolution models

Several models of prebiological systems are described and analyzed. The following models are characterized: a quasispecies model, a hypercycle model, a syser model (the term "syser" is an abbreviation of SYstem of SElf-Reproduction), a stochastic corrector model, a model of the origin of a primordial genome through spontaneous symmetry breaking. The quasispecies model analyzes the Darwinian evolution of information chains; this evolution is similar to the evolution of RNA molecules. Rather general estimates of the speed and efficiency of evolutionary processes can be obtained in the framework of the quasispecies model. We briefly describe the method for obtaining these estimates and the corresponding results. The hypercycle model considers the interaction of RNA chains and enzymes. The syser model characterizes a rather general scheme of the self-reproducing system, which is similar to the self-reproducing systems of biological cells. Syser includes a polynucleotide sequence, a replication enzyme, a translation enzyme, and other enzymes; these macromolecules are located inside the protocell. The stochastic corrector model describes the process of using a relatively small number of molecules of competing and cooperating replicators in protocells. The model of the origin of a primordial genome through spontaneous symmetry breaking characterizes an interesting and important process of the appearance of genotypes in protocells. This model was proposed and investigated by Takeuchi, Hogeweg, and Kaneko in 2017; we call it further “the THK model.” The current article characterizes and compares all these models.     

On the relaxation of a medium after excitation with single fast heavy ions

A plasma model of relaxation of a medium in heavy-ion tracks in condensed matter has been proposed. The model is based on the solution of time-dependent equations of radiative-collisional kinetics. The state of the medium, which is described in the framework of the classical model of multiple ionization of target atoms by a field of fast multiply charged ions, is used as the initial condition. The relaxation in the plasma is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. An analysis of the results of the calculations performed has made it possible to determine the range of material parameters at which the plasma model actually changes over to the atomic model and to establish the conditions where the atomic model is a very rough approximation. It is demonstrated that the plasma model adequately describes the X-ray spectra recorded upon interaction of ion beams with condensed targets. An X-ray spectral method based on the plasma model is proposed for diagnosing the plasma in fast-ion tracks. The results obtained can be useful in examining the initial stage of defect formation in solids under irradiation with single fast heavy ions.     

随机计及相对速度的交通流跟驰模型

从研究微观个体车辆行为出发，考虑车辆加速过程的不确定性，提出了随机计及相对速度的 交通流跟驰模型(SR-OV模型).对随机相对速度的跟驰模型的动力学方程进行稳定性分析，得 到与Bando跟驰模型不同的稳定性判据，其稳定性优于Bando模型.运用摄动理论分析交通过 程中密度波的变化，结果表明，在发生交通阻塞相变时，交通密度波以mKdV方程描述的扭结 -反扭结波演化.对随机相对速度跟驰模型进行数值模拟和分析，结果发现车流速度的变化小 于Bando模型的速度变化，而且与随机概率有关，当随机考虑相对速度的概率增大时，初始 的小扰动不会放大对车流产生影响，甚至长时间就消失，这与Bando模型完全不同.数值模拟 所得到的相图与解析解相符合,而且交通流稳定区域大于Bando模型.从车间距-速度演化图上 ，随着随机概率的增大，SR-OV模型在初始时存在的滞后现象，随着时间的增长，趋于稳定 状态后，滞后曲线收敛于一小区域，滞后效应被削弱.这完全不同于Bando模型，在Bando模 型中，滞后曲线由一点向外扩散，滞后曲线区域越来越大，车流趋于不稳定状态. 关键词： 交通流 跟驰模型 稳定性判据 相对速度     

Subgrid modelling for particle-LES by Spectrally Optimised Interpolation (SOI)

This paper focuses on Large-Eddy simulation of particle-laden flow. We present a novel model for the effect of unresolved scales on the particles. The model can be regarded as an extension of the approximate deconvolution method towards higher wavenumbers. The basis of the model is a specific interpolation method which is constructed such that the spectrum seen by the particles attains a model spectrum. Thus, the model is called Spectrally Optimised Interpolation (SOI). The model is developed and tested in the framework of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. A comparison of SOI against ADM [J.G.M. Kuerten, Subgrid modelling in particle-laden channel flow, Phys. Fluids 18 (2006) 025108] shows that in particular in coarse LES, SOI is far more accurate than ADM. The computational costs for SOI are comparable to fourth order interpolation. Possible extensions of the model for general flows are briefly sketched.     

Lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook Simulations in 2-D Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics

Lattice Boltzmann Method is recently developed within numerical schemes for simulating a variety of physical systems. In this paper a new lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (LBGK) model for two-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (IMHD) is presented. The model is an extension of a hydrodynamics lattice BGK model with 9 velocities on a square lattice, resulting in a model with 17 velocities. Most of the existing LBGK models for MHD can be viewed as compressible schemes to simulate incompressible flows. The compressible effect might lead to some undesirable errors in numerical simulations. In our model the compressible effect has been overcome successfully. The model is then applied to the Hartmann flow, giving reasonable results.     

Lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook Simulations in 2-D Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics

Lattice Boltzmann Method is recently developed within numerical schemes for simulating a variety of physical systems. In this paper a new lattice.Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook （LBGK） model for two-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamics （IMHD） is presented. The model is an extension of a hydrodynamics lattice BGK model with 9 velocities on a square lattice, resulting in a model with 17 velocities. Most of the existing LBGK models for MHD can be viewed as compressible schemes to simulate incompressible flows. The compressible effect might lead to some undesirable errors in numerical simulations. In our model the compressible effect has been overcome successfully. The model is then applied to the Hartmann flow, giving reasonable results.     

混合对流的数值模拟

分别采用(-v'2)-f模型、k-ε模型和室内零方程模型对通风空调中典型的气流组织形式混合对流进行数值模拟.研究表明:在通风入口附近存在一个分离涡,对这个分离涡预测的准确程度是整个计算成败的关键因素.将预测结果和实验进行比较,发现这个涡的尺度介于(-v'2)-f模型和零方程模型预测的结果之间,比k-ε模型预测的结果大.虽然从流场上看,零方程模型预测的结果和实验结果吻合很好,但从模型构造的角度看,它不具备普遍的意义.从对温度场的预测看,(-v'2)-f模型预测结果最好,室内零方程模型次之,k-ε模型结果最差.     

一种新的航天器外露介质充电模型

为综合考虑高能电子辐射与周围等离子体对航天器外露介质充电的影响,在航天器内带电模型的基础上,通过添加边界充电电流来考虑等离子体与航天器介质表面的相互作用,并统一参考电位为等离子体零电位,建立了航天器外露介质充电模型,给出了新模型的一维稳态解法,并与表面充电模型和深层充电模型进行了对比分析.结果表明:新建模型能够综合考虑表面入射电流、深层沉积电流和传导电流对充电的耦合作用过程,实现外露介质表面和深层耦合充电计算,有利于全面评估航天器外露介质的充电问题.     

Toward a new elastic-decohesive model of Arctic sea ice

This paper argues for a new constitutive model, an elastic-decohesive model for sea ice. The model is motivated by examining satellite observations of the Arctic processed to show ice deformation in the form of divergence, shear and vorticity. The model is implemented numerically in the material-point method and used to predict motion and deformation of sea ice by simulating a region of the Beaufort Sea. The model is able to capture the qualitative and statistical behavior of localized deformation seen in the observations.     

相变过程的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

应用Shan提出的伪势多相模型替代R-K着色模型,建立一种新的描述气液相变过程的格子Boltzmann理论模型,模拟蒸发(高密度转化为低密度)过程.改进了计算效率,且得到较好的计算结果.同时应用该模型从孔隙尺度模拟了多孔介质中的相变现象,验证了该模型模拟复杂相变问题的可行性.     

Bilocal regularization of models of random surfaces

A new formulation of a Weingarten-type model in terms of bilocal (no-matrix) variables in continuous space is given. This model is equivalent to the model of triangular planar random surfaces. It generalizes in a reparametrization invariant way the model recently suggested by Billoire, Gross and Marinari. The number-of-surfaces critical index is calculated in the zero-dimensional case of this model.     

A neural network model as a globally coupled map and applications based on chaos

First, a neural network model as the globally coupled map (GCM) is proposed. The model is obtained by modification of a Hopfield network model that has a negative self-feedback connection. Second, information processed by this model is interpreted in terms of the variety of the maps acting on the network elements, and a new, dynamic information processing model is described. The search for information using vague keywords, and solution of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) are introduced as applications.     

Calibration of the Pseudo-Reaction-Zone model for detonation wave propagation

An approach for the calibration of an advanced programmed burn (PB) model for detonation performance calculations in high explosive systems is detailed. Programmed burn methods split the detonation performance calculation into two components: timing and energy release. For the timing, the PB model uses a Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD) surface propagation model, where the normal surface speed is a function of local surface curvature. For the energy release calculation and subsequent hydrodynamic flow evolution, a Pseudo-Reaction-Zone (PRZ) model is used. The PRZ model is similar to a reactive burn model in that it converts reactants into products at a finite rate, but it has a reaction rate dependent on the normal surface speed derived from the DSD calculation. The PRZ reaction rate parameters must be calibrated in such a way that the rate of energy release due to reaction in multi-dimensional geometries is consistent with the timing calculation provided by the DSD model. Our strategy for achieving this is to run the PRZ model in a detonation shock-attached frame in a compliant 2D planar slab geometry in an equivalent way to a reactive burn model, from which we can generate detonation front shapes and detonation phase speed variations with slab thickness. In this case, the D _n field used by the PRZ model is then simply the normal detonation shock speed rather than the DSD surface normal speed. The PRZ rate parameters are then iterated on to match the equivalent surface front shapes and surface phase speed variations with slab thickness derived from the target DSD model. For the purposes of this paper, the target DSD model is fitted to the performance properties of an idealised condensed-phase reactive burn model, which allows us to compare the detonation structure of the calibrated PRZ model to that of the originating idealised-condensed phase model.     

On the algebraic formulation of collective models. I. The mass quadrupole collective model

This paper is the first in a series of three which together present a microscopic formulation of the Bohr-Mottelson (BM) collective model of the nucleus. In this article the mass quadrupole collective (MQC) model is defined and shown to be a generalization of the BM model. The MQC model eliminates the small oscillation assumption of BM and also yields the rotational and CM(3) submodels by holonomic constraints on the MQC configuration space. In addition, the MQC model is demonstrated to be an algebraic model, so that the state space of the MQC model carries an irrep of a Lie algebra of microscopic observables, the MQC algebra. An infinite class of new collective models is then given by the various inequivalent irreps of this algebra. A microscopic embedding of the BM model is achieved by decomposing the representation of the MQC algebra on many-particle state space into its irreducible components. In the second paper this decomposition is studied in detail. The third paper presents the symplectic model, which provides the realization of the collective model in the harmonic oscillator shell model.     

Modeling NMR Lineshapes Using Logspline Density Functions

Distortions in the FID and spin echo due to magnetic field inhomogeneity are proved to have a representation as the characteristic function of some probability distribution. In the special case that the distribution is Cauchy, the model reduces to the conventional Lorentzian model. A more general and flexible representation is presented using the Fourier transform of a logspline density. An algorithm for fitting the model is described, the performance of the model and algorithm is investigated in applications to real and simulated data sets, and the logspline approach is compared to a previous Hermitian spline approach and to the Lorentzian model. The logspline model is more parsimonious than the Hermitian spline model, provides a better fit to real data, and is much less biased than the Lorentzian model.