Resolution improvement of digital holographic images based on angular multiplexing with incoherent beams in orthogonal polarization states

We present a method to improve the resolution of digital holographic images based on angular multiplexing with incoherent beams from two orthogonal polarized components of natural light. Two incoherent subholograms are synchronously recorded by two pairs of incoherent object waves and reference waves with orthogonal polarization states, in which the object is illuminated by two incoherent beams from different directions. The increase in resolution is obtained through phase correction and superposition of two reconstructed object waves. Experimental results show that the resolution and quality of the reconstructed image can be effectively improved.     

Phase reconstruction in lensless digital in-line holographic microscopy

The phase reconstruction in a digital in-line holographic microscopy is compared using two numerical reconstruction methods. The first method uses one Fourier transform and second one uses three Fourier transforms. It is shown that the latter method gives improved object phase reconstruction as compared to the former.     

Accuracy improvement in digital holographic microtomography by multiple numerical reconstructions

In this paper, we describe a method to improve the accuracy in digital holographic microtomography (DHMT) for measurement of thick samples. Two key factors impairing the accuracy, the deficiency of depth of focus and the rotational error, are considered and addressed simultaneously. The hologram is propagated to a series of distances by multiple numerical reconstructions so as to extend the depth of focus. The correction of the rotational error, implemented by numerical refocusing and image realigning, is merged into the computational process. The method is validated by tomographic results of a four-core optical fiber and a large mode optical crystal fiber. A sample as thick as 258 μm is accurately reconstructed and the quantitative three-dimensional distribution of refractive index is demonstrated.     

Pixel resolution control in numerical reconstruction of digital holography

A new method for resolution control in numerical reconstruction of digital holography is proposed. The wave field on a tilted or vertical plane can be reconstructed without being subject to the minimum object-to-hologram distance requirement, and the pixel resolution can be easily controlled by adjusting the position of a transitional plane. The proposed method solves the problem of pixel resolution control for small object-to-hologram distances and is especially useful for multicolor, multiwavelength digital holography and metrological applications. Experimental results are presented to verify the idea.     

超短脉冲数字全息术中的立体角分复用技术

将角分复用技术应用于超短脉冲数字全息术，可实现对超快过程的动态记录.其中，在角分复用的设计中，由于CCD像素尺寸的限制，一般对物光和参考光的角度要求较为苛刻.为此，提出了一种立体角分复用的方法，并使用连续激光数字全息实验验证了这种方法的有效性.在此基础上，根据超短脉冲数字全息术记录超快过程的特点，设计了能够实现自动连续进行立体角分复用记录的光路.计算分析表明，该光路可在一帧数字全息图上连续记录间隔为纳秒量级的多幅超快过程的动态图像. 关键词： 超短脉冲数字全息术 立体角分复用 超快过程     

Image contrast and resolution in holographic multiplexing by spatial division

An analysis of the effects of two different techniques of spatial-division multiplexing on the quality of the image reconstructed by the hologram of a diffusing object is presented, along with some experimental results obtained with a coherent optical system under diffraction-limited conditions. These show that the use of random masks for spatial division in the cases studied gives much poorer resolution than simple sub-division of the hologram area, because of the serious loss of image contrast with a random mask.     

Color lensless digital holographic microscopy with micrometer resolution

Color digital lensless holographic microscopy with micrometer resolution is presented. Multiwavelength illumination of a biological sample and a posteriori color composition of the amplitude images individually reconstructed are used to obtain full-color representation of the microscopic specimen. To match the sizes of the reconstructed holograms for each wavelength, a reconstruction algorithm that allows for choosing the pixel size at the reconstruction plane independently of the wavelength and the reconstruction distance is used. The method is illustrated with experimental results.     

Reconstruction resolution enhancement of EPISM based holographic stereogram with hogel spatial multiplexing

We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element (hogel) affects the reconstruction of a 3D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking method (EPISM). First, the effect of hogel spatial multiplexing on holographic recording and reconstruction is studied based on the mechanism of recording interference fringes in the holographic recording medium. Second, combined with the influence of multiple exposures on the hologram's diffraction efficiency, the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is analyzed in the spatial multiplexing mode. The holographic stereogram is then regarded as a special optical imaging system. The theory of spatial bandwidth product is adopted to describe the comprehensive resolution of the holographic stereogram, which explains why hogel spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram. Compared with the traditional printing method under the same parameters in optical experiments, hogel spatial multiplexing has a lower diffraction efficiency but a higher quality of reconstructed image, consistent with the theoretical analysis.     

A holographic image printing technique with high resolution

A method is shown to obtain a real image with a large image field and high resolution from an image hologram, which is produced by a large aperture lens with large amount of aberration. The resolution of the reconstructed serial image is estimated to be within the range from 450 to 500 lines/mm in 2 inch diameter image field.     

Complex amplitude reconstruction and phase aberrations compensation in phase-shifting in-line image digital holographic microscopy

When an image digital holographic microscopy （DHM） layout is employed, the Fresnel integral cannot be used in separating the reconstructed image from its conjugate image and background. However, combining image plane DHM with the phase-shifting in-line technique, the complex amplitude of reconstructed image can be obtained without using Fresnel integral, moreover the approximate error of reconstruction calculation is easily eliminated and the signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed image is significantly improved. Since a normal incidence plane wave is used as the reference wave, the difficulty and complexity of phase aberration and phase unwrapping of DHM are remarkably decreased.     

High resolution holographic contour generation with white light reconstruction

An inexpensive, easy to use contouring scheme is described, which makes use of the simplicity of single beam reflection holograms. The contours may be viewed in white light and provide the researcher with an accurate three dimensional record of the shape of an object. Contour spacings from 0.44 mm to 2.8 μm have been achieved. A photographic processing scheme is described, which greatly increases the brightness of this type of hologram, making it useful for larger diffusely reflecting objects.     

Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by a lateral shear approach to digital holographic image reconstruction

Combining the concept of lateral shear interferometry (LSI) within a digital holography microscope, we demonstrate that it is possible to obtain quantitative optical phase measurement in microscopy by a new single-image-processing procedure. Numerical lateral shear of the reconstructed wavefront in the image plane makes it possible to retrieve the derivative of the wavefront and remove the defocus aberration term introduced by the microscope objective. The method is tested to investigate a silicon structure and a mouse cell line.     

像面数字全息的重建相位误差分析和改善

像面数字全息是数字全息技术中常用的测量和成像方式,它通常采用离散傅里叶变换和频率滤波的方法进行物光波的重建.本文讨论了这些算法对重建相位的影响.首先分析了频谱泄露对于相位误差的影响,结果表明当采样周期为整数时,重建相位误差很小,因此具有极高的相位重建精度;而当不满足整周期采样时,相位重建误差有了明显的增加.为了改善频谱泄露所引起的相位误差,采用Hanning函数对数字全息图进行了预处理,结果表明Hanning窗的加入能够有效地提高重建相位的准确程度.     

Digital holographic interferometry based on wavelength and angular multiplexing for measuring the ternary diffusion

We present a novel method for dynamical measurement of the ternary diffusion by using digital holographic interferometry based on wavelength and angular multiplexing techniques. Two laser beams with different wavelengths (λ1=532 nm and λ2=473 nm) are used for the ternary diffusion measurement, and they are adjusted to make corresponding interference fringes in orthogonal directions on the CCD target. The orthogonal splitting of the fringes enables the spatial frequencies of each wavelength to be filtered separately in the Fourier spectrum of the hologram. Finally, they are reconstructed to obtain the molar concentration. This method is also suitable for two-phase diffusion measurement.     

全息照相实像的优化拍摄与再现

从全息照相的基本理论出发,分析了全息照相实像的产生条件,提出了用正入射平行光拍摄和再现全息照相实像的方案.实验表明,用正入射平行光拍摄和再现全息实像能得到满意的效果.在不同的散射介质中进行了全息实像的再现实验,确定了一种符合要求的再现介质.     

应用波分复用改善像束传像系统像质的研究

本文通过分析空间波分复用系统中包散元件的色散平均效应,用线扩散传递函数研究了像束传像性质,由光学成像的本征理论用像束成像信息量分析了波分复用改善像束传像像质的机制,并从实验上验证了上述分析结论.     

数字全息重建图像的焦深研究

将来自物体的散射光视为物体表面相位随机取值的大量点源发出光波的叠加, 对数字全息重建像及离焦像的衍射场进行研究. 基于重建像以像素为单位显示的特点, 对焦深作出新的定义, 然后, 根据重建像的像素物理尺寸与计算方法相关的特点, 推导出不同重建算法重建图像的焦深表达式, 最后给出相关的实验证明.     

Perfect digital holographic imaging with high resolution using a submillimeter-dimension CCD sensor

In order to improve the resolution of digital holography with a common-dimension charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor, the point spread functions are briefly derived for the commonly used and practical post-magnification, pre-magnification, and image-plane digital holographic microscopic systems. The ultimate resolutions of these systems are analyzed and compared. The results show that the ultimate lateral resolution of pre-magnification digital holography is superior to that of post-magnification digital holography in the same conditions. We also demonstrate that the ultimate lateral resolution of image-plane digital holography has no correlation with the photosensitive dimension of the CCD sensor, and it is not significantly related to the pixel size of the sensor. Moreover, both the ultimate resolution and the imaging quality of image-plane digital holography are superior to that of pre- and post-magnification digital holographic microscopy. High-resolution imaging, whose resolution is close to the ultimate resolution of the microscope objective, can be achieved by image-plane digital holography even with a submillimeter-dimension sensor. This system, by which perfect imaging can be achieved, is optimal for commonly used digital holographic microscopy. Experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.     

Incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging with high accuracy of image pixel registration

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH) is a unique three-dimensional(3 D) imaging technique which has the advantages of scanning-free,high resolution,and easy matching with existing mature optical systems.In this article,an incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging method with high accuracy of spectral reconstruction based on liquid crystal tunable filter(LCTF) and FINCH is proposed.Using the programmable characteristics of spatial light modulator(SLM),a series of phase masks,none of whose focal lengths changes with wavelength,is designed and made.For each wavelength of LCTF output,SLM calls three phase masks with different phase constants at the corresponding wavelength,and CCD records three holograms.The spectral images obtained by this method have a constant magnification,which can achieve pixel-level image registration,restrain image registration errors,and improve spectral reconstruction accuracy.The results show that this method can not only obtain the 3 D spatial information and spectral information of the object simultaneously,but also have high accuracy of spectral reconstruction and excellent color reproducibility.     

等离子体图像诊断中带吸收校正的轴对称重建

在轴对称等离子体的图像诊断中,根据等离子体在某个方向的X射线强度图像可以重建出辐射系数的空间分布.由于X射线在等离子体的传播过程中存在一定的吸收,需要在重建过程中考虑吸收校正.本文在滤波反投影法(FBP)的基础上,结合X射线在等离子体中的吸收规律,提出了带吸收校正的FBP迭代算法.通过对钠等离子体辐射系数的轴对称重建模拟,发现该算法重建精度高,收敛性好,取得了很好的重建结果.