Sigma-locally uniformly rotund and sigma-weak Kadets dual norms

The dual X^∗ of a Banach space X admits a dual σ-LUR norm if (and only if) X^∗ admits a σ-weak^∗ Kadets norm if and only if X^∗ admits a dual weak^∗ LUR norm and moreover X is σ-Asplund generated.     

Group action on zero-dimensional spaces

Let X be a Tychonoff space, H(X) the group of all self-homeomorphisms of X and the evaluation function. Call an admissible group topology on H(X) any topological group topology on H(X) that makes the evaluation function a group action. Denote by LH(X) the upper-semilattice of all admissible group topologies on H(X) ordered by the usual inclusion. We show that if X is a product of zero-dimensional spaces each satisfying the property: any two non-empty clopen subspaces are homeomorphic, then LH(X) is a complete lattice. Its minimum coincides with the clopen-open topology and with the topology of uniform convergence determined by a T₂-compactification of X to which every self-homeomorphism of X continuously extends. Besides, since the left, the right and the two-sided uniformities are non-Archimedean, the minimum is also zero-dimensional. As a corollary, if X is a zero-dimensional metrizable space of diversity one, such as for instance the rationals, the irrationals, the Baire spaces, then LH(X) admits as minimum the closed-open topology induced by the Stone-?ech-compactification of X which, in the case, agrees with the Freudenthal compactification of X.     

Group topologies coarser than the Isbell topology

The Isbell, compact-open and point-open topologies on the set C(X,R) of continuous real-valued maps can be represented as the dual topologies with respect to some collections α(X) of compact families of open subsets of a topological space X. Those α(X) for which addition is jointly continuous at the zero function in Cα(X,R) are characterized, and sufficient conditions for translations to be continuous are found. As a result, collections α(X) for which Cα(X,R) is a topological vector space are defined canonically. The Isbell topology coincides with this vector space topology if and only if X is infraconsonant. Examples based on measure theoretic methods, that Cα(X,R) can be strictly finer than the compact-open topology, are given. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a splitting group topology strictly finer than the compact-open topology.     

Topologizations of G-spaces

For a G-space X, we put and explore a question whether X admits a non-discrete Hausdorff G-invariant topology.     

On coverings in the lattice of all group topologies of arbitrary Abelian groups

The remainder of the completion of a topological abelian group (G, τ₀) contains a nonzero element of prime order if and only if G admits a Hausdorff group topology τ₁ that precedes the given topology and is such that (G, τ₀) has no base of closed zero neighborhoods in (G, τ₁).     

Local selections and local dendrites

Let X be a Peano continuum, C(X) its space of subcontinua, and C(X, ε) the space of subcontinua of diameter less than ε. A selection on some subspace of C(X) is a continuous choice function; the selection σ is rigid if σ(A) ? B ? A implies σ(A) = σ(B). It is shown that X is a local dendrite (contains at most one simple closed curve) if and only if there exists ε > 0 such that C(X, ε) admits a selection (rigid selection). Further, C(X) admits a local selection at the subcontinuum A if and only if A has a neighborhood (relative to the space C(X)) which contains no cyclic local dendrite; moreover, that local selection may be chosen to be a constant.     

Some geometric and topological properties of Banach spaces via ball coverings

By a ball-covering B of a Banach space X, we mean that B is a collection of open (or closed) balls off the origin whose union contains the unit sphere of X; and X is said to have the ball-covering property provided it admits a ball-covering of countably many balls. This paper shows that Gδ property of points in a Banach space X endowed with the ball topology is equivalent to the space X admitting the ball-covering property. Moreover, smoothness, uniform smoothness of X can be characterized by properties of ball-coverings of its finite dimensional subspaces.     

An extension of coherent sheaves defined outside holomorphically convex compact sets

We show that a coherent analytic sheaf ${\mathcal F}$ with prof ${{\mathcal F}\geq 2}$ defined outside a holomorphically convex compact set K in a 1-convex space X admits a coherent extension to the whole space X if, and only if, the canonical topology on ${H^1(X \setminus K,{\mathcal F})}$ is separated.     

The tangential end fibration of an aspherical Poincaré complex

We construct a sphere fibration over a finite aspherical Poincaré complex X, which we call the tangential end fibration, under the condition that the universal cover of X is forward tame and simply connected at infinity. We show that it is tangent to X if the formal dimension of X is even or, when the formal dimension is odd, if the diagonal X→X×X admits a Poincaré embedding structure.     

Almost complex structure and the quotient four-manifold by an anti-symplectic involution

Suppose that X is a closed, symplectic four-manifold with an anti-symplectic involution σ and its two-dimensional fixed point set. We show that the quotient X/σ admits no almost complex structure if .As a partial converse if X is simply-connected and , then the X/σ admits an almost complex structure.Also we show that the quotient X/σ admits an almost complex structure if X is Kähler and .     

When is the Isbell topology a group topology?

Conditions on a topological space X under which the space C(X,R) of continuous real-valued maps with the Isbell topology κ is a topological group (topological vector space) are investigated. It is proved that the addition is jointly continuous at the zero function in Cκ(X,R) if and only if X is infraconsonant. This property is (formally) weaker than consonance, which implies that the Isbell and the compact-open topologies coincide. It is shown the translations are continuous in Cκ(X,R) if and only if the Isbell topology coincides with the fine Isbell topology. It is proved that these topologies coincide if X is prime (that is, with at most one non-isolated point), but do not even for some sums of two consonant prime spaces.     

On the Dimension of Preimages of Certain Paracompact Spaces

It is proved that if X is a normal space which admits a closed fiberwise strongly zero-dimensional continuous map onto a stratifiable space Y in a certain class (an S-space), then IndX = dimX. This equality also holds if Y is a paracompact σ-space and ind Y = 0. It is shown that any closed network of a closed interval or the real line is an S-network. A simple proof of the Kateˇ tov–Morita inequality for paracompact σ-spaces (and, hence, for stratifiable spaces) is given.     

Graphs admitting transitive commutative group actions

Let X be a compact metric space, and Homeo(X) be the group consisting of all homeomorphisms from X to X. A subgroup H of Homeo(X) is said to be transitive if there exists a point x∈X such that {k(x):k∈H} is dense in X. In this paper we show that, if X=G is a connected graph, then the following five conditions are equivalent: (1) Homeo(G) has a transitive commutative subgroup; (2) G admits a transitive Z²-action; (3) G admits an edge-transitive commutative group action; (4) G admits an edge-transitive Z²-action; (5) G is a circle, or a k-fold loop with k?2, or a k-fold polygon with k?2, or a k-fold complete bigraph with k?1. As a corollary of this result, we show that a finite connected simple graph whose automorphism group contains an edge-transitive commutative subgroup is either a cycle or a complete bigraph.     

Uniformly normal structure and uniformly Lipschitzian semigroups

Assume that X is a real Banach space with uniformly normal structure and C is a nonempty closed convex subset of X. We show that a κ-uniformly Lipschitzian semigroup of nonlinear self-mappings of C admits a common fixed point if the semigroup has a bounded orbit and if κ is appropriately greater than one. This result applies, in particular, to the framework of uniformly convex Banach spaces.     

Separable complete ANR's admitting a group structure are Hilbert manifolds

Let X be a complete-metrizable, separable ANR. The following two facts are shown: (a) if X admits a topological group structure, then either this is a Lie group structure or X is an l₂-manifold; (b) If X is a closed convex set in a complete metric linear space, then X is either locally compact or homeomorphic to l₂.     

Scattered compactifications and the orderability of scattered spaces

A space is defined to be suborderable if it is embeddable in a (totally) orderable space. The length of a scattered space X is the least ordinal a such that X(_a), the ath derived set of X, is empty. It is shown that a suborderable scattered space of countable length is hereditarily paracompact, orderable, and admits an orderable scattered compactification.     

Generalized Alexandroff-Urysohn squares and a characterization of the fixed point property

Given a Hausdorff continuum X, we introduce a topology on X×X that yields a Hausdorff continuum. We call the resulting space the Alexandroff-Urysohn square of X and prove that X has the fixed point property if and only if the Alexandroff-Urysohn square of X has the fixed point property.     

On a generalized Mazur-Ulam question: Extension of isometries between unit spheres of Banach spaces

We call a Banach space X admitting the Mazur-Ulam property (MUP) provided that for any Banach space Y, if f is an onto isometry between the two unit spheres of X and Y, then it is the restriction of a linear isometry between the two spaces. A generalized Mazur-Ulam question is whether every Banach space admits the MUP. In this paper, we show first that the question has an affirmative answer for a general class of Banach spaces, namely, somewhere-flat spaces. As their immediate consequences, we obtain on the one hand that the question has an approximately positive answer: Given ε>0, every Banach space X admits a (1+ε)-equivalent norm such that X has the MUP; on the other hand, polyhedral spaces, CL-spaces admitting a smooth point (in particular, separable CL-spaces) have the MUP.     

Quasi-stationarity and quasi-ergodicity of general Markov processes

In this paper, we study the quasi-stationarity and quasi-ergodicity of general Markov processes. We show, among other things, that if X is a standard Markov process admitting a dual with respect to a finite measure m and if X admits a strictly positive continuous transition density p(t, x, y) (with respect to m) which is bounded in (x, y) for every t > 0, then X has a unique quasi-stationary distribution and a unique quasi-ergodic distribution. We also present several classes of Markov processes satisfying the above conditions.     

The structure of uniformly Gâteaux smooth Banach spaces

It is shown that a Banach spaceX admits an equivalent uniformly Gateaux smooth norm if and only if the dual ball ofX* in its weak star topology is a uniform Eberlein compact. Supported by AV 101-97-02, AV 1019003 and GA ČR 201-98-1449. Supported by GA ČR 201-98-1449, AV 1019003 and GAUK 1/1998.