随机振动载荷动力学等效的一种工程实现方法

利用实验室振动加载技术来等效模拟实际工况的随机振动载荷,以研究结构的振动环境适应性,是工程界通用的做法。文中讨论了随机振动载荷动力学等效的过程与方法,针对小阻尼稀疏模态结构,给出了基于结构振动响应等效的随机振动载荷等效关系的工程应用表达式和评价等效载荷对疲劳损伤影响的方法。简支梁数值模拟表明,通过文中方法设计的等效随机振动载荷,不仅可以获得变化不大的结构响应,而且疲劳损伤等效结果也可以满足工程应用精度要求。     

固有模态函数振动传递率损伤识别实验研究

针对风荷载、地震荷载等存在但难以精确量测的问题,提出一种无需量测外荷载的新的损伤识别方法。将经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)应用于结构损伤识别,通过求振动响应信号固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)的振动传递率,构建了一种新的结构损伤识别参数。对预置不同程度开胶损伤的玻璃幕墙试件进行动态测试,得到不同损伤程度下玻璃幕墙的固有模态函数振动传递率,与无损伤条件下的固有模态函数振动传递率进行比较来识别和评估玻璃幕墙开胶损伤程度。研究表明:此方法无需量测外荷载也能识别结构损伤,损伤参数值能反映损伤大小。     

六面体柔性桁架多体结构的模态测试实验研究

采用半正弦冲击波形，通过内力激振的方法对六面体空间柔性格架结构进行了模态实验研究，得到了系统的前四阶固有频率和模态振型。比较实验结果与理论计算结果，二者能够很好的吻合，验证了理论计算方法的正确性。实验结果表明采用内力激振的方法能够有效的激起结构的固有频率，所得的振动参数可为下一步空间柔性格架振动主动控制提供直接依据。     

ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF FINITE L-SHAPED BEAM WITH TRAVELLING WAVE APPROACH

In this paper, the disturbance propagation and active vibration control of a finite L-shaped beam axe studied. The dynamic response of the structure is obtained by the travelling wave approach. The active vibration suppression of the finite L-shaped beam is performed based on the structural vibration power flow. In the numerical calculation, the influences of the near field effect of the error sensor and the small error of the control forces on the control results are all considered. The simulation results indicate that the structural vibration response in the medium and high frequency regions can be effectively computed by the travelling wave method. The effect of the active control by controlling the power flow is much better than that by controlling the acceleration in some cases. And the control results by the power flow method are slightly affected by the locations of the error sensor and the small error of the control forces.     

基于真空吸盘的新型振动加载技术研究及应用

传统的振动加载技术,试件通过刚性夹具与振动台台面进行连接,刚性夹具采用螺栓与振动台台面和试件进行连接。一些试验要求振动加载装置的连接不能破坏试件结构,传统的螺栓方式不能满足要求。本文研究了一种基于真空吸盘的新型振动加载技术,振动加载杆通过真空吸盘吸附在试件表面。该项技术已在垂尾结构的动态疲劳试验中得到应用。应用实践证明,这种基于真空吸盘的振动加载技术方便、可靠、安全,弥补了传统加载方式的不足。     

地震激励下参数不确定结构重叠分散保性能控制

对参数不确定结构振动控制方法进行了研究。基于包含原理,采用重叠分散控制策略与保性能控制算法相结合的方法,将高层建筑结构划分成一组子结构,对每一个子结构采用保性能控制方法设计控制器,提出了参数不确定结构重叠分散保性能控制方法,较好地解决了地震激励下参数不确定建筑结构的振动控制问题。以20层Benchmark结构模型为研究对象,采用重叠分散保性能控制策略和集中保性能控制策略进行数值模拟。结果表明,对于结构系统建模存在误差或系统本身存在不确定性的情况,本文提出的重叠分散保性能控制方法均能有效降低结构的地震响应,且能够保证控制系统的可靠性和稳定性。     

压电智能结构模糊自学习控制(FSLC)

将模糊逻辑与学习控制的基本思想相结合,根据控制系统的动态输出特性,采用模糊控制对学习控制律中的参数进行实时校正,实现系统的动态学习过程,提出了一种适用于压电智能结构振动控制的模糊自学控制方法FSLC（FuzzySelf-LearningContr01）。分别采用三维8节点实体单元（Solid45）和耦合单元模拟主结构和压电致动器／传感器,基于ANSYS参数化语言编写了压电智能结构振动控制分析的有限元程序。通过数值仿真证明了模糊自学习控制方法能有效控制压电结构的振动,并提高了自学习控制的收敛速度和获得了很好的控制效果。     

时变参数时滞减振控制研究

时滞动力吸振器对谐波激励有着良好的减振控制效果,但对随机激励的减振控制效果却并不明显,具体表现为时滞动力吸振器对随机激励的减振控制效果与被动吸振器几乎相同。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种新的时变参数时滞减振控制方法。在原有时滞减振控制方法的基础上,首先将时滞增益系数由定值形式变为时间函数形式,然后通过时变优化得到多组时滞控制参数并使其以一定时间周期循环作用于减振控制过程,通过这种方法进一步改善了时滞动力吸振器减振性能。本文最后以二自由度时滞动力吸振器减振模型为例,以主系统的振动响应为仿真对象,运用精细积分法求解了具有时变时滞参数的时滞动力学方程,以此得到了在谐波激励和随机激励作用下主系统振动的时域仿真结果。研究结果表明,在时变参数时滞动力吸振器的控制下,主系统无论是受谐波激励作用还是受随机激励作用,其振动位移、振动速度和振动加速度均比在定值参数时滞动力吸振器控制下时有大幅的减少,时滞动力吸振器的减振性能有了明显的改善。      

Electromechanical control of vibration on a plate submitted to a non-ideal excitation

This paper deals with the enhancement of electromechanical control of vibration on a thin plate submitted to non-ideal excitation. Modelling of the systems displays the non-ideal source used as external excitation above the structure on a particular surface and control force acting at specific points under the structure. The electromechanical device is composed by a RL circuit with a saturated inductance and stings connected to the plate is used as connection between the structure and the controller. Routh–Hurwitz criteria are used to obtain the stability condition of the controlled system and some dynamics exploration leads us to the condition for which the amplitude of vibration is reduced in the mechanical structure.     

基础激励测试结构动力特性精度研究

结构动力特性决定结构在动力荷载作用下的动力响应,对结构的动力破坏与安全具有重要意义.精确测试结构动力特性参数是其研究的一个重要方面.采用基础激励的方法测试结构动力特性是一种行之有效的方法.通过实验的方法研究了基础激励测试结构动力特性的精度.实验结果表明,结构动力特性参数在实验范围内不受激励幅值大小的影响;基础激励频段范围对结构的振型影响不大,但对频率与阻尼比的影响很大;只要基础激励的频段包含所要测试的结构固有频率,就能精确测试出结构此阶的频率与阻尼比;如基础激励频段不包含所要测试的结构固有频率,则不能精确测试出结构此阶的频率与阻尼比.因此在使用基础激励方法测试结构动力特性时,应使基础激励的频段包含所要测试的结构固有频率.     

横观各向同性饱和地基上无限板的稳态振动

研究了横观各向同性饱和土地基上无限板的稳态振动问题. 基于直角坐标系下横观各向同性饱和介质Biot波动方程的一般解，采用双重Fourier积分变换技术，建立了饱和地基与无限矩形板相互作用的动力方程，利用数值方法求解该方程，得到任意谐振荷载作用下饱和半空间体上无限板稳态响应的一般解. 数值结果表明，横观各向同性饱和地基上无限板的振动与各向同性饱和地基上的无限板的振动特性存在明显差异.     

ROBUST CONTROL OF VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATION OF A RIGID CYLINDER SUPPORTED BY AN ELASTIC BEAM USING μ -SYNTHESIS

For lightweight and flexible structures, it is important to suppress the vibrations induced by interactions between fluid and structures. This paper presents the robust control of the vortex-induced vibration of a rigid circular cylinder supported by an elastic cantilever beam in which the fluid force is considered as an external excitation on the structure. For the problems considered here, the excitation frequency is assumed to be equal to the natural frequency of the structure or the “lock-in” frequency. The natural frequencies of this analytical model are calculated by using the modal analysis method and then modal coordinates are introduced to obtain the state equations of the structural system. A pair of piezoelectric devices fixed under the base plate, on which the elastic beam is clamped, were used as actuators. A robust controller satisfying the nominal performance and robust performance is designed using μ -synthesis theory based on the structured singular value. Simulation and experiment were carried out with the designed controller and the effectiveness of the robust control strategy was verified by both experimental and simulation results.     

非线性振动一种稳定的模糊控制方法研究

由于非线性振动系统的非线性本质,在于传统控制理论的线性控制器用于非线性振动控制效果不佳。本文针对非线性振动系统提出了一种模糊自适应滑模控制方案。     

Pure delayed non-fragile control for offshore steel jacket platforms subject to non-linear self-excited wave force

This paper is concerned with pure delayed non-fragile control for an offshore steel jacket platform subject to non-linear self-excited wave force. By purposefully introducing a proper time-delay into control channel, a pure delayed non-fragile controller (DNFC) is proposed to improve performance of the offshore steel jacket platform. The positive effects of time-delays on non-fragile stabilization control for the system are investigated. It is shown through simulation results that (i) the DNFC and the delay-free non-fragile controller are capable of attenuating the vibration of the offshore platform to almost the same level, while the required control force under the DNFC is less than that under the delay-free one; and (ii) both the oscillation amplitudes of the offshore platform and the ranges of the control force under the pure delayed state feedback controller (DSFC) are smaller than the ones under the non-linear controller and the dynamic output feedback controller; and (iii) the oscillation amplitudes of the offshore platform under the DSFC are almost the same as the ones under integral sliding mode controller and the delayed dynamic output feedback controller, while the control force required by the former is less than the one by the latter.     

失谐弱耦合卫星天线结构振动分析及预测控制

为了研究弱耦合卫星天线结构的振动控制,建立了该结构的简化计算模型,并针对该模型研究了弱耦合卫星天线结构动力学性能的特殊性:结构失谐时的振动模态局部化现象;针对失谐前后的结构,采用预测控制方法进行了振动控制,并与二次线性最优控制(LQR)方法的振动抑制效果进行了对比. 仿真结果表明:弱耦合星载天线结构参数的微小失谐会导致结构振动产生明显的模态局部化;采用预测控制方法进行结构振动控制的效果明显优于LQR控制方法,且在失谐导致的模型失配时,预测控制方法对结构振动亦有较好的抑制;在进行此种结构的振动主动控制时必须考虑到结构失谐的影响.      

单自由度超弹性SMA减振结构随机振动控制理论研究

利用形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,简称SMA）丝的超弹性,提出了一种具有复位功能的阻尼器。在SMA丝的Graesser本构模型基础上,建立了阻尼器恢复力的滑移双线性模型;假定滞回面积相等,提出了恢复力的滑移刚塑性模型以近似简化滑移双线性模型。采用等价线性化法建立了单自由度超弹性SMA减振结构在高斯白噪声激励下的平稳随机振动分析公式。通过一算例,考虑不同激励谱密度和结构阻尼比：比较了等价线性法和蒙特卡罗（Monte Carlo）模拟法计算的结构振动响应（位移标准差和速度标准差）,证明了SMA减振结构随机振动控制理论的有效性;比较了等价线性减振结构和无控结构的动力特性（刚度和阻尼比）和振动响应,说明了SMA阻尼器能提高结构的刚度和阻尼比,因而可有效抑制结构的振动。     

Detection and description of non-linear phenomena in experimental modal analysis via linearity plots

Ground vibration tests (GVTs) on aircraft prototypes are mainly performed to experimentally identify the structural dynamic behaviour in terms of a modal model. This assumes a linear dynamic behaviour of the structure. However, in the practice of ground vibration testing it is often observed that structures do not behave in a perfectly linear manner. Non-linearities can be determined, for example, by free play in junctions, hydraulic systems in control surfaces, or friction. This paper compiles measured, typical, non-linear phenomena from various GVTs on large aircraft. The standard procedure in GVTs nowadays is the application of the Harmonic Balance method which linearizes the dynamic behaviour on the level of excitation. The procedure requires a harmonic excitation of the structure which is usually performed during phase resonance testing. The non-linear behaviour is investigated in terms of linearity plots in which the resonance frequency of a mode is plotted as a function of the excitation level. The experimental data is then compatible with all post-processing procedures for the measured results, e.g. updating of the finite element model or flutter calculations. This paper shows measured linearity plots for some typical non-linear phenomena. In the second part of the paper analytical linearity plots for different non-linear stiffness and damping models are considered in order to investigate whether the type of non-linearity can be identified from measured linearity plots. The analytical linearity plots are discussed with respect to their application limits. The analytical linearity plots are used to interpret the experimental linearity plots stemming from various GVTs on different aircraft prototypes. Finally, the observability of non-linear stiffness and non-linear damping characteristics via linearity plots is assessed.     

中性线修正型变截面梁类构件压电控制

传统绝对节点坐标法(absolute nodal coordinate formulation,ANCF)在变截面梁类构件建模过程中常以几何中位线等效构造单元中性线,难以对变截面单元位移场状态进行精确描述.为解决此类问题,本文以中细型变截面梁类构件为研究对象,深入考虑变截面结构几何因素及复合材料属性对变截面梁类构件中性...     

Robust mixed H_2 /H_\infty active control for offshore steel jacket platform

This paper presents a robust mixed \(H_2 /H_\infty \) control method for wave-excited offshore jacket platforms. Its objective was to design a controller that minimizes the upper bound of the \(H_2 \) performance measure on platform dynamics satisfying some \(H_\infty \) norm bound constraint simultaneously. Based on mixed \(H_2 /H_\infty \) control theory and linear matrix inequality techniques, a novel approach to stabilize offshore platform vibration with constrained \(H_2 /H_\infty \) performances is proposed. Uncertainties of the wave excitation are considered in dynamic performance analysis of offshore platforms. A reduced mode offshore platform structure under wave excitation is analyzed, and simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Compared with existing \(H_\infty \) control methods, the proposed approach makes a significant improvement for dynamic performances of offshore platforms under random wave excitation.     

Vibration reduction in a flexible-link mechanism through synthesis of an optimal controller

In this paper, reduction of vibration of a flexible planar mechanism is achieved through synthesis of an optimal controller. A finite element model, based on the equivalent rigid-link system theory, is used to accurately describe the dynamic behavior of the system. The model, which accounts for geometric and inertial nonlinearities of the mechanism, has been fully validated through experimental tests. In order to be able to employ the classical optimal control theory, a suitable linear model has been derived from the original one by means of a suitable linearization procedure. Vibration reduction can then be obtained by first defining an adequate performance index, which accounts for vibration amplitude, then by solving Riccati’s equation in order to find the controller that minimizes the performance index, i.e. the optimal controller. The results of several tests that have been carried out are also reported, to show the effectiveness of the synthesized control system.