A generalization of Vinograd's theorem for dynamical systems

The theory of dynamical systems has been expanded by the introduction of local dynamical systems [10, 4, 9] and local semidynamical systems [1]. Using integral curves of autonomous ordinary differential equations to illustrate these generalizations, we find that, roughly, the integral curves form a local dynamical system if solutions exist and are unique without requiring existence for all time, and the integral curves form a local semidynamical system if solutions exist and are unique in the positive sense but need not exist for all positive time. In addition to autonomous ordinary differential equations, the enlarged theory of dynamical systems has applications to nonautonomous ordinary differential equations, certain partial differential equations, functional differential equations, and Volterra Integral equations [9, 1, 2, 8], respectively. All of these have metric phase spaces. Since many dynamic considerations are invariant to reparameterizations, it is of interest to known when a local dynamical (or semidynamical) system can be reparameterized to yield a “global” dynamical (or semidynamical) system. For autonomous ordinary differential equations, Vinograd [7] has shown that the local dynamical system on an open subset ofRⁿ formed by integral curves is isomorphic (in the sense of Nemytskii and Stepanov) to a global dynamical system. In an extensive study of isomorphisms, Ura [12] has expanded the Gottschalk-Hedlund notion of an isomorphism and restated Vinograd's result in terms of a reparameterization. In this paper we study the problem of finding a global dynamical (or semidynamical) system which is isomorphic to a given local system. A necessary and sufficient condition is found which is then used to show that the Vinograd result holds on metric spaces.     

Invariant subspaces and conditional Lie-Bäcklund symmetries of inhomogeneous nonlinear diffusion equations

The inhomogeneous nonlinear difusion equation is studied by invariant subspace and conditional Lie-Bcklund symmetry methods.It is shown that the equations admit a class of invariant subspaces governed by the nonlinear ordinary diferential equations,which is equivalent to a kind of higher-order conditional Lie-Bcklund symmetries of the equations.As a consequence,a number of new solutions to the inhomogeneous nonlinear difusion equations are constructed explicitly or reduced to solving fnite-dimensional dynamical systems.     

Global bifurcation of waves

In this note it will be shown how a theorem of Alexander [1] and Ize [9] together with computational results of Alexander and Yorke [4] and Alexander and Fitzpatrick [2] may be used to generalize the existence theorem for, and to prove some global results about, certain wave-like solutions of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations.The equations to be studied are weakly coupled parabolic systems of equations defined on a bounded axisymmetric domain. Such equations are often called reaction-diffusion equations (or interaction-diffusion equations) and arise in many parts of biology and chemistry. The question as to how wave-like solutions of these equations may bifurcate from a family of trivial solutions was studied by Auchmuty [5] and the results will be considerably extended here.     

Asymptotically recurrent solutions ofβ-differential equations

In the paper methods from the theory of extensions of dynamical systems are used to studyβ-differential equations whose solutions possess the uniqueness property and depend continuously on the initial data and on the right-hand side of the equation. The Zhikov-Bronshtein theorems concerning asymptotically almost periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations are extended toβ-differential equations (in particular, to total differential equations). Along with asymptotic almost periodicity, we also consider asymptotic recurrence, weak asymptotic distality, and asymptotic distality. To the equations we associate dynamical systems generated by the space of the right-hand sides and the spaces of the solutions and of the initial data of solutions of the equation. Generally, the phase semigroups of the dynamical systems are not locally compact. Translated fromMatermaticheskie Zametki, Vol. 67, No. 6, pp. 837–851, June, 2000.     

二阶微分系统奇异正定超线性周期边值问题的多重正解

主要研究了二阶微分系统具有奇异正定超线性周期边值问题多重正解的存在性问题,利用Leray-Schauder抉择定理和锥不动点定理给出了奇异正定超线性周期边值问题-(p(t)x′)′+q1(t)x=f1(t,x,y),t∈I=[0,1]-(p(t)y′)′+q2(t)y=f2(t,x,y)x(0)=x(1),x[1](0)=x[1](1)y(0)=y(1),y[1](0)=y[1](1)(1.1)的多重正解的存在性,其中非线性项fi(t,x,y)(i=1,2)在x=∞,y=∞点处超线性,在(x,y)=(0,0)处具有奇性.这里定义x[1](t)=p(t)x′(t),y[1](t)=p(t)y′(t)为准导数,其中系数p(t),qi(t)(i=1,2)是定义在[0,1]上的可测函数,且p(t)>0,qi(t)>0(i=1,2),a.e[0,1],fi(t,x,y)∈C(I×R×R,R+),R+=(0,+∞).     

Numerical solutions for convection–diffusion equation using El-Gendi method

The method of El-Gendi [El-Gendi SE. Chebyshev solution of differential integral and integro-differential equations. J Comput 1969;12:282–7; Mihaila B, Mihaila I. Numerical approximation using Chebyshev polynomial expansions: El-gendi’s method revisited. J Phys A Math Gen 2002;35:731–46] is presented with interface points to deal with linear and non-linear convection–diffusion equations.The linear problem is reduced to two systems of ordinary differential equations. And, then, each system is solved using three-level time scheme.The non-linear problem is reduced to three systems of ordinary differential. Each one of these systems is, then, solved using three-level time scheme. Numerical results for Burgers’ equation and modified Burgers’ equation are shown and compared with other methods. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solutions.     

New numerical methods and some applied aspects of the p-regularity theory

The theory of p-regularity is applied to optimization problems and to singular ordinary differential equations (ODE). The special variant of the method of the modified Lagrangian function proposed by Yu.G. Evtushenko for constrained optimization problems with inequality constraints is justified on the basis of the 2-factor transformation. An implicit function theorem is given for the singular case. This theorem is used to show the existence of solutions to a boundary value problem for a nonlinear differential equation in the resonance case. New numerical methods are proposed including the p-factor method for solving ODEs with a small parameter.     

Multi-particle dynamical systems and polynomials

Polynomial dynamical systems describing interacting particles in the plane are studied. A method replacing integration of a polynomial multi-particle dynamical system by finding polynomial solutions of partial differential equations is introduced. The method enables one to integrate a wide class of polynomial multi-particle dynamical systems. The general solutions of certain dynamical systems related to linear second-order partial differential equations are found. As a by-product of our results, new families of orthogonal polynomials are derived.     

一类奇异非线性双调和方程的正整解

该文建立了一类R~2上奇异非线性双调和方程正的径向对称整体解的存在性定理,并给出了解的有关性质,丰富和发展了文[1]」,[2]的理论和应用.     

关于具有转向点的一类常微分方程的边值问题

本文应用多重尺度法研究具有转向点的一类常微分方程的边值问题.避免了[1]中出现的悖理,以及[2]中关于确定任意常数的变分运算;构造出边值问题的解的一致有效渐近近似式.并研究了非共振的情形.     

Two new approaches to computing Hopf bifurcation problems

We consider the computation of Hopf bifurcation for ordinary differential equations. Two new extended systems are given for the calculation of Hopf bifurcation problems: the first is composed of differential-algebraic equations with index 1, the other consists of differential equations by using a symmetry inherited from the autonomous system of ordinary differential equations. Both methods are especially suitable for calculating bifurcating periodic solutions since they transform the Hopf bifurcation problem into regular nonlinear boundary value problems which are very easy to implement. The bifurcation solutions become isolated solutions of the extended system so that our methods work both in the subcritical and supercritical case. The extended systems are based on an additional parameter ε; practical experience shows that one gets convergence for ε sufficiently large so that a substantial part of the bifurcating branch can be computed. The two methods are illustrated by numerical examples and compared with other procedures.     

Explicit solutions for differential equations

Advantages exist in use of the decomposition method [1, 2] for solutions of differential equations. Even for the trivial case of solution of first-order separable differential equations the decomposition solutions are more useful because of the resulting convenient computable explicit solutions. The same techniques and benefits apply to the algebraic equations obtained by transform methods in solving differential equations. A comparison is made also between solutions by integrating factor and decomposition, and it is shown that decomposition is an obvious recourse when an integrating factor is not available. To show advantages of the procedure, a differential equation solvable by several methods and involving a logarithmic nonlinearity is solved by Adomian's decomposition for comparisons. The decomposition method will also solve higher-order differential equations and partial differential equations with logarithmic or even composite nonlinearities [2] when the other methods fail.     

Computational bounds on polynomial differential equations

In this paper we study from a computational perspective some properties of the solutions of polynomial ordinary differential equations.We consider elementary (in the sense of Analysis) discrete-time dynamical systems satisfying certain criteria of robustness. We show that those systems can be simulated with elementary and robust continuous-time dynamical systems which can be expanded into fully polynomial ordinary differential equations in Q[π]. This sets a computational lower bound on polynomial ODEs since the former class is large enough to include the dynamics of arbitrary Turing machines.We also apply the previous methods to show that the problem of determining whether the maximal interval of definition of an initial-value problem defined with polynomial ODEs is bounded or not is in general undecidable, even if the parameters of the system are computable and comparable and if the degree of the corresponding polynomial is at most 56.Combined with earlier results on the computability of solutions of polynomial ODEs, one can conclude that there is from a computational point of view a close connection between these systems and Turing machines.     

Symplectic phase flow approximation for the numerical integration of canonical systems

Summary New methods are presented for the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations of the important family of Hamiltonian dynamical systems. These methods preserve the Poincaré invariants and, therefore, mimic relevant qualitative properties of the exact solutions. The methods are based on a Runge-Kutta-type ansatz for the generating function to realize the integration steps by canonical transformations. A fourth-order method is given and its implementation is discussed. Numerical results are presented for the Hénon-Heiles system, which describes the motion of a star in an axisymmetric galaxy.     

K(n,2n,-n)方程行波解的分支

本文研究了K(n,2n,-n)方程行波解与参数a,b,c,g,n等的关系.利用动力系统分支理论,得到了孤立波、扭结和反扭结波解,以及不可数无穷多光滑周期波解的存在性.本文推广了文献[1]中的结果.     

Solitary Waves, periodic peakons, pseudo-peakons and compactons given by three ion-acoustic wave models in electron plasmas

The nonlinear ion-acoustic oscillations models are governed by three partial differential equation systems. Their travelling wave equations are three first class singular traveling wave systems depending on different parameter groups, respectively. By using the method of dynamical system and the theory of singular traveling wave systems, in this paper, it is shown that there exist parameter groups such that these singular systems have solitary wave solutions, pseudo-peakons, periodic peakons and compactons as well as kink and anti-kink wave solutions. The results of this paper complete the studies of three papers [5,13] and [14].     

一类高阶非线性微分方程解的存在问题(英文)

This paper is concerned with the following n-th ordinary differential equation:{u～(n)(t)=f(t,u(t),u～(1)(t),···,u～(n-1) (t)),for t∈(0,1),u～(i) (0)=0,0 ≤i≤n3,au～(n-2)(0)du～(n-1)(0)=0,cu～(n-2)(1)+du～(n-1)(1)=0,where a,c ∈ R,,≥,such that a～2 + b～2 0 and c～2+d～20,n ≥ 2,f:[0,1] × R → R is a continuous function.Assume that f satisfies one-sided Nagumo condition,the existence theorems of solutions of the boundary value problem for the n-th-order nonlinear differential equations above are established by using Leray-Schauder degree theory,lower and upper solutions,a priori estimate technique.     

Classical Symmetry Reductions of the Schwarz–Korteweg–de Vries Equation in 2+1 Dimensions

Classical reductions of a (2+1)-dimensional integrable Schwarz–Korteweg–de Vries equation are classified. These reductions to systems of partial differential equations in 1+1 dimensions admit symmetries that lead to further reductions, i.e., to systems of ordinary differential equations. All these systems have been reduced to second-order ordinary differential equations. We present some particular solutions involving two arbitrary functions.     

STRUCTURE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF A CLASS OF QUASILINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

The existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for a class of quasilinearordinary differential equations with a large parameter are obtained. It is shownthat the flat core of positive solutions can exist. So some results of [1-3] aresharpened.     

Polynomial dynamical systems and ordinary differential equations associated with the heat equation

We consider homogeneous polynomial dynamical systems in n-space. To any such system our construction matches a nonlinear ordinary differential equation and an algorithm for constructing a solution of the heat equation. The classical solution given by the Gaussian function corresponds to the case n = 0, while solutions defined by the elliptic theta-function lead to the Chazy-3 equation and correspond to the case n = 2. We explicitly describe the family of ordinary differential equations arising in our approach and its relationship with the wide-known Darboux-Halphen quadratic dynamical systems and their generalizations.