WC颗粒改性钛基二氧化铅复合电极材料的电化学性能研究

为了提高锌电积用惰性阳极材料钛基二氧化铅的电催化活性和耐腐蚀性能,采用阳极氧化法制备了掺杂WC颗粒改性的钛基二氧化铅复合阳极材料。通过扫描电镜表征了电极材料的微观形貌,采用析氧极化曲线(LSV)、塔菲尔曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)研究WC添加量对复合阳极材料在电解锌液中的电催化性能和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:WC与β-Pb O2复合电沉积能增强电极耐蚀性和电催化活性,当WC添加量为40 g/L时,所制备的复合电极材料结构致密,交换电流密度j0为6.71×10-3A·cm-2,电极自腐蚀电流密度Icorr为2.884×10-6A·cm-2,有较好的电催化活性和耐蚀性。     

羟自由基在电极电解过程中的形成规律

对钛基二氧化铅电极电解过程中产生的^·OH进行了定量研究.结果表明,钛基二氧化铅电极在适当的电解条件下可以产生大量的自由基,碱性和高频条件下产生的自由基比酸性和低频条件下产生的自由基多.苯酚降解实验结果说明了其极强的氧化性能,在废水的深度处理方面有着极其广阔的应用前景.     

钛基二氧化铅电极的制备及其应用

电氧化反应;甲基吡啶;钛基二氧化铅电极的制备及其应用     

纳米CeO_2颗粒改性钛基二氧化铅复合电极材料的析氧电催化活性研究

为了提高锌电积用惰性阳极材料钛基二氧化铅在电解锌液中的析氧电催化活性,采用阳极氧化法制备了掺杂纳米CeO_2颗粒改性的钛基二氧化铅复合阳极材料。通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪表征电极形貌及元素组成,利用X-射线衍射仪对镀层物相进行分析。利用循环伏安曲线(CV)和交流阻抗(EIS)研究纳米CeO_2添加量对复合阳极材料在电解锌液中的表面粗糙度的影响,并辅以扫描电镜表征了电极材料电催化活性提高的本质原因。结果表明:CeO_2与β-PbO_2-WC复合电沉积能增强析氧电催化活性,当CeO_2含量为16g·L~(-1)时,电极具有最高的表面粗糙度,表面活性点数目最多。由此证实稀土Ce起到孔引发剂的作用,使涂层的有效活性表面积增大,提高电极析氧催化活性。     

新型不锈钢基二氧化铅-碳化钨复合电极材料的研制

在不锈钢基上通过复合电沉积的方式制备了二氧化铅 碳化钨（PbO2-WC）电极。 考察了温度、电流、WC颗粒浓度对电极性能的影响;通过析氧曲线、Tafel曲线、扫描电子显微镜能谱、X射线衍射图谱考察了WC颗粒掺杂前后PbO2电极相关性能的变化。 结果表明,在最佳工艺即温度70 ℃、镀液中WC颗粒浓度为40 g/L时,电流密度为0.015～0.025 A/cm2;PbO2-WC共沉积过程中PbO2发生了择优生长,WC颗粒的加入能够细化PbO2晶粒,使镀层变得致密,相对于PbO2电极,PbO2-WC复合电极的耐腐蚀性上升,析氧过电位下降。     

金属氧化物涂层钛阳极的研究*

金属氧化物涂层钛阳极是指在以钛为阳极的基体表面涂上金属氧化物的电极,简称DSA。本文综述了钛基金属氧化物涂层电极的研究进展,包括钛基钌系涂层电极、钛基锡系涂层电极、钛基铅系涂层电极,以及其它氧化物涂层电极。评述了多元化钛基涂层的性能、各种涂层制备方法的优势与不足,阐明了掺杂稀土以及添加中间层对钛阳极的影响,同时展望了钛基金属氧化物涂层电极的发展方向。     

纳米TiN粉体氧化制备铱钛氧化物为中间层的钛基氧化铱电极

以纳米TiN粉体和氯铱酸的混合液为涂液,采用浸渍-热分解法制备了含IrOx-TiO2中间层的钛基氧化铱电极.利用扫描电镜、X射线能谱和X射线衍射技术并结合电化学方法考察了中间层的组成和焙烧温度对电极的电催化性能和使用寿命的影响.结果表明,IrOx-TiO2中间层的加入没有改变传统的钛基氧化铱电极的形貌特征和组成,并使电极具有相同的电催化响应特性,同时大大提高了钛基氧化铱电极的使用寿命.制备钛基氧化铱电极的最优条件为焙烧温度450℃,中间层中Ir/Ti摩尔比为1.5。     

钕改性钛基SnO2/Sb电催化电极的制备及表征

为改善钛基SnO2／Sb电极的电催化性能,采用浸渍法制备了Nd改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极。以活性艳红X-3B为目标有机物,考察电极的电催化性能,对制备温度和Nd掺杂量进行了研究,确定了适宜的制备条件为：热处理温度550℃,Nd掺杂量1.0％。采用SEN,EDS,XRD及XPS等分析方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,发现掺杂Nd可使SnO2粒径变小,有利于电极电催化性能的改善,同时Nd元素的引入可使杂质元素sb,Nd在电极表面涂层富集。Nd改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极表面主要是四方相金红石结构的SnO2晶体,掺杂的sb和Nd分别以Sb^5＋和Nd^3＋的形式存在。电极动电位扫描测试结果表明,Nd改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极具有较高的阳极析氧电位,有利于有机物的阳极氧化降解。     

Dy改性SnO2 / Sb电催化电极的制备及表征

为改进钛基SnO2／Sb电极的电催化性能，采用高温热氧化法制备了稀土Dy改性钛基SnO2／Sb电极。以苯酚为目标有机物，考察了所制备电极的电催化活性，并采用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析方法表征了电极的形貌、组成及结构。对制备温度和Dy添加量进行了详细的实验研究，确定了适宜的制备条件为热处理温度650℃、Dy添加量1％左右。研究表明，结晶良好的掺杂SnO2晶粒有助于苯酚的快速彻底分解。Dy掺杂后，半径较大的Dy^3 可能取代半径较小的Sn^4 ，导致SnO2晶胞膨胀。引入Dy可提高SnO2晶粒的形核与长大速率之比，使SnO2的平均粒径变小，有利于电极催化性能的改善。但同时Dy掺杂使杂质原子Sb、Dy在电极表层富集，高含量的Dy会降低电极的性能。     

Ti/CeO_2-F-PbO_2电极制备及其在有机物降解中的应用

在钛板上制备了氧化铈掺杂的含氟二氧化铅电极(Ti/CeO2-F-PbO2,电沉积法).SEM和XRD分析显示CeO2颗粒能均匀地嵌入二氧化铅镀层中.电化学测试表明,掺杂CeO2提高了二氧化铅的析氧电位(Ti/CeO2-F-PbO2为1.83V,vs.SCE,Ti/F-PbO2为1.78V,vs.SCE).对氯苯酚降解结果表明,Ti/CeO2-F-PbO2电极有较高的COD去除率和电流效率.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.