STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON＇S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposed for use with normal strength concrete （NC） and high strength concrete （HSC） in compressioncompression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. The study covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damage Poisson＇s ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson＇s ratio is determined basically. The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson＇s ratio is the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxial stress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion in the form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy to calculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

TENSILE STRENGTH FOR SPLITTING FAILURE OF BRITTLE PARTICLES WITH CONSIDERATION OF POISSON＇S RATIO

The core mechanism of comminution could be reduced to the breakage of individual particles that occurs through contact with other particles or with the grinding media, or with the solid walls of the mill. When brittle particles are loaded in compression or by impact, substantial tensile stresses are induced within the particles. These tensile stresses are responsible for splitting failure of brittle particles. Since many engineering materials have Poisson‘s ratios very close to 0.3, the influence of Poisson‘s ratio on the tensile strength is neglected in many studies. In this paper, the state of stress in a spherical particle due to two diametrically opposed forces is analyzed theoretically. A simple equation for the tensile stress at the centre of the particle is obtained. It is found reasonable to propose this tensile stress at the instant of failure as the tensile strength of the particle. Moreover, this tensile strength is a function of the Poisson‘s ratio of the material. As the state of stress along the z-axis in an irregular specimen tends to be similar to that in a spherical particle compressed diametrically with the same force, this tensile strength has some validity for irregular particles as well. Therefore, it could be used as the tensile strength for brittle particles in general. The effect of Poisson‘s ratio on the tensile strength is discussed.     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON’S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposedfor use with normal strength concrete (NC) and high strength concrete (HSC) in compression-compression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. Thestudy covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damagePoisson's ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson's ratio is determined basically.The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson's ratiois the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxialstress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion inthe form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy tocalculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

AN ESTIMATION METHOD OF BEARING STRENGTH OF BOLTED JOINTS IN FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITE

Some researchers have estimated the strength of bolted joints in fibre reinforcedcomposite,using simple and efficient engineering procedures.However,for theseprocedures the effect of clamping due to the strength of bolted joints is not considered.Inthis paper,a method is presented for predicating critical bearing strength of single-holebolted joints in composite on the basis of observing and analysing the results of experiments.The clamping effect of bolts is considered.The calculated results correspond to the test dataon Glaphic/Epoxy laminates.     

AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF G. I. TAYLOR’S THEORY OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN IMPACT OF CYLINDRICAL PROJECTILES AND ITS IMPROVEMENT

The theory of plastic deformation in the impact of cylindrical projectiles on rigid targets was first introduced by G. I. Taylor(1948)^[1]. The importance of this theory lies in the fact that the dynamic yield strength of the materials can be determined from the measurement of the plastic deformation of flat-ended cylindrical projectiles. From the experimental results^[2] we find that the dynamic yield strength is independent of impact velocity, and that it is higher than the static yield strength in general, and several times higher than the static yield strength in certain cases. This gives an important foundation for the study of elastoplastic impact problems in general. However, it is well known that the complexity of differential equations in Taylor’s theory compelled us to use the troublesome numerical solution. In this paper, the analytical solution of all the equations in Taylor’s theory is given in parametrical form and the results are discussed in detail.In the latter part of this paper, the method of calculation of impulse of impact is improved by considering the processes of radial’ movement of materials. The analytical solution of the improved theory shows that it gives better agreement with the experimental results than that of original Taylor’s theory.     

Effect of the grain size on the macroscopic response of aluminum to shock loading

Shock tests of two lots of a 1420 aluminum-lithium alloy are performed. The mean grain size is 24 μm in the first lot and 1.6 μm in the second lot obtained by the method of equal-channel angular pressing. Two characteristics of dynamic strength of the material were determined in experiments on the high-velocity impact of flat samples: threshold of dynamic stability with respect to compression on the fore front of the compression pulse and spall strength of the material. The materials of both types have an identical threshold of dynamic stability with respect to compression, whereas the spall strength of the microcrystalline alloy is 20% greater than the spall strength of the polycrystalline alloy. The reason is the consumption of energy on structure formation in the coarse-grain material in passing to a larger-scale structural level (in the case with a fine-grain material, such a structure is available in the initial state). The experiments reveal the presence of a second plastic front whose amplitude is approximately 10% of the first plastic front. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 135–146, November–December, 2007.     

A spherical cavity expansion model for penetration of ogival-nosed projectiles into concrete targets with shear-dilatancy

A dynamic spherical cavity-expansion penetration model is suggested herein to predict the penetration and perforation of concrete targets struck normally by ogivalnosed projectiles.Shear dilatancy as well as compressibility of the material in comminuted region are considered in the paper by introducing a dilatant-kinematic relation.A procedure is first presented to compute the radial stress at the cavity surface and then a numerical method is used to calculate the results of penetration and perforation with friction being taken into account.The influences of various target parameters such as shear strength,bulk modulus,density,Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength on the depth of penetration are delineated.It is shown that the model predictions are in good agreement with available experimental data.It is also shown that the shear strength plays a dominant role in the target resistance to penetration.     

UNIFIED STRENGTH THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION

This book provides a new Unified Strength Theory and describes its applications. The Unified Strength Theory is a system of yield and failure criteria of materials under complex stresses. It covers the entire range of convex failure criteria, from lower bound (Tresca yield criteria and Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria) to upper bound (twin-shear failure criteria). It also includes the non-convex yield and non-convex failure criteria. A series of new failure criteria and previous failure and yield criteria can be deduced from the Unified Strength Theory. The work presented in this book is unprecedented in the field of strength theory. It is useful for students in understanding the strength theory, for engineers to correctly use it and for researchers to choose an appropriate failure criteria in studying the strength of materials and structures. An experimental verification, engineering applications, a detailed historical review and more than 1000 references are provided. Written for Researchers in applied mechanics and materials science     

In situ strengths of matrix in a composite

A major obstacle to achieving reasonable strength prediction of a composite only from its constituent infor-mation is in the determination of in situ strengths of the matrix. One can measure only the original strengths of the pure matrix, on the basis of which the predicted transverse strengths of a unidirectional (UD) composite are far from reality. It is impossible to reliably measure matrix in situ strengths. This paper focuses on the correlation between in situ and original strengths. Stress concentrations in a matrix owing to the introduction of fibers are attributed to the strength variation. Once stress concentration factors (SCFs) are obtained, the matrix in situ strengths are assigned as the original counterparts divided by them. Such an SCF can-not be defined following a classical approach. All of the relevant issues associated with determining it are system-atically addressed in this paper. Analytical expressions for SCFs under transverse tension, transverse compression, and transverse shear are derived. Closed-form and compact for-mulas for all of the uniaxial strengths of a UD composite are first presented in this paper. Their application to strength pre-dictions of a number of typical UD composites demonstrates the correctness of these formulas.