直接进样离子色谱法测定磷酸试剂中痕量无机阴、阳离子

选用亲水性强、柱容量高的阴离子分析柱IonPac AS18,以22 mmol/L KOH为淋洗液作等浓度淋洗,直接进样分析了高浓度磷酸中的痕量无机阴离子.选用柱容量较高的阳离子分析柱IonPac CS12A,H2SO4作为淋洗液直接进样分析了磷酸试剂中的痕量阳离子.该方法无需样品前处理,直接进样,电导检测,高浓度磷酸的存在不影响痕量阴离子或阳离子的测定,对所测的无机阴阳离子的检出限均在2.1μg/L以下,测定范围在两个数量级以上,线性相关系数r在0.994 1～0.999 9范围内,样品中待测离子峰面积的RSD在3.8%以下(n=7),回收率在91%～109%之间.     

离子色谱法测定高氯、高钠油田回注水中的阴、阳离子及有机酸

建立了高氯、高钠油田回注水中痕量无机阴、阳离子和有机酸的离子色谱分析方法。对高钠基质中痕量阳离子的测定,选用IonPac CS12A分析柱、H2SO4溶液梯度淋洗、电导检测器检测;对高氯基质中阴离子及有机酸的测定,选用对OH-具有高选择性的高容量的IonPac AS11-HC柱、KOH梯度淋洗、电导检测器检测。在优化的梯度淋洗条件下,高氯或高钠的存在不影响痕量阴离子或阳离子的测定。该方法具有良好的线性(r=0.9926~0.9990)和精密度(测定组分峰面积的相对标准偏差(n=7)在8.0%以下),回收率     

简化柱切换技术在高浓度基体存在下测定痕量离子的研究

 建立了适用于高浓度基体存在下测定痕量离子的简化柱切换技术。通过分析淋洗液浓度对待测离子色谱峰保留时间的影响 ,指出可使用高浓度淋洗液抑制色谱峰漂移 ,并通过实验案例提出了针对不同样品采取的不同策略。     

二维离子色谱法测定海水中的铵离子

研究了二维离子色谱测定海水中铵离子的方法。海水样品经10倍稀释,一维色谱采用高容量的CS–165 mm柱,以30 mmol/L甲磺酸溶液等度淋洗,流量为1 m L/min,进样25μL,CSRS–300 4 mm抑制电导分离Na+,NH4+;二维色谱采用CS–12A 4 mm柱,以8 mmol/L甲磺酸溶液等度淋洗,流量为1 m L/min,以1 300μL定量环进样,SC–CSRS–300盐转换器抑制电导检测NH4+。结果表明:色谱峰面积与NH4+质量浓度线性相关,相关系数为0.999 9。10μg/L标准溶液测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.7%(n=7),NH4+的方法检出限和仪器检出限分别为0.42,0.05μg/L,海水中NH4+加标回收率为80.8%~105.8%。     

阻抑甲基橙褪色动力学光度法测定痕量汞

在pH =4.5的邻苯二甲酸氢钾 氢氧化钠缓冲介质和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵溶液中 ,Hg2 + 对I-催化IO-4氧化甲基橙褪色有阻抑作用 ,研究了其动力学条件 ,建立了测定二价汞的动力学光度分析方法。本法的线性范围为 0～ 2 0 .0mg L ;检出限为 1 .1× 1 0 - 1 1 g mL。除NH+4、Cr 、Ag+ 外 ,常见离子均不影响测定。NH+4可煮沸除去 ,Cr 、Ag+ 干扰可加入Na2 S2 O3消除。用于天然水和人发中痕量汞的测定 ,标准加入回收率为 98.3 %～ 1 0 2 .8% ;RSD为 1 .2 %～ 2 .2 % (n =6)。     

Cu（Ⅱ）-H2O2-考马斯亮蓝G250体系催化光度法测定痕量铜

在NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液介质中,痕量Cu2+对H2O2氧化考马斯亮蓝G250(CBBG)褪色反应的显著催化作用,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜的新方法。线性范围为0.02～0.20μg/mL,检出限为1.34×10-9g/mL。考察了20多种共存离子的影响。方法用于发样中痕量铜离子的测定,相对标准偏差小于3.4%,加标回收率为97%～105%。     

化妆品中阴阳离子的快速测定及其用于化妆品鉴别的研究

用离子色谱电导检测器对黑泥类化妆品中的阴、阳离子(Na+,NH+4,K+,Mg 2+ ,Ca 2+ ,Cl-,Br-,NO-2,NO-3和SO 2- 4)进行了测定。阳离子分离条件: 阳离子交换柱ICS C25,均苯四甲酸淋洗液浓度2.0 mmol/L ,流速0.6 mL/min ;阴离子分离条件: 阴离子交换柱Shim pack IC A1,淋洗液为2.5 mmol/L 邻苯二甲酸和2.4 mmol/L 三羟基氨基甲烷,流速1.0 mL/min 。结果表明,上述10种离子在较宽浓度范围内有良好     

离子色谱法同时分析中药丹参中碱金属和碱土金属

用离子色谱法同时分析中药丹参中碱金属和碱土金属 ,结果表明 ,丹参中常见离子Li+ 、Na+ 、NH+4、K+ 、Mg2 + 、Ca2 + 含量比例各有不同。各离子的检出限为 0 .0 1～ 0 .0 3mg·L-1,线性范围分别为 0 .1～ 10 .0mg·L-1(Li+ 、NH+4)和 0 .2～ 5 0 .0mg·L-1(Na+ 、K+ 、Mg2 + 、Ca2 + )     

柠檬酸试剂中痕量无机阴阳离子的离子色谱法测定

选用柱容量较高、亲水性较强的阴离子分析柱IonPac AS18,以30mmol／L KOH为淋洗液,等度淋洗分析了高浓度柠檬酸中的痕量无机阴离子。选用柱容量较高的阳离子分析柱IonPac CS12A,以H2SO4作淋洗液分析了柠檬酸试剂中的痕量阳离子。在所选色谱条件下,无需样品前处理,直接进样,电导检测,高浓度柠檬酸不影响痕量阴离子或阳离子的测定。方法具有良好的线性(r=0．9941～1．000),样品中所测离子峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均在9．0％以下(n=7),回收率在82．7％～110％之间,检出限低于3．7μg/L。     

活性炭吸附-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量铊

采用以活性炭吸附分离, 石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中的痕量铊. 活性碳吸附后, 用热的(NH4)2C2O4溶液进行淋洗分离, 以0.06 μg/L PdCl2溶液作为基体改进剂. 检出限为2.65 ng/L, 线性范围0.00265～200 μg/L, 回收率为 92.7%～99.0%. 方法可用于环境水样中痕量铊的测定.     

Simple and sensitive method for spectrofluorimetric determination of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium

The interaction of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium (DBS) has been studied by fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence of DBS can be greatly enhanced by addition of PDDA, owing to the interaction between PDDA and DBS. The enhancement intensity of fluorescence was proportional to the concentration of DBS over the range 2.5x10(-7) to 9.6x10(-5)molL(-1). Its detection limit is 3.5x10(-7)molL(-1). The method has high sensitivity and selectivity and was applied to the determination of trace amounts of DBS in water samples with satisfactory result.     

On-line pretreatment and determination of Pb, Cu and Cd at the μg l level in drinking water by chelation ion chromatography

A novel, highly sensitive method for the simultaneous separation and determination of lead, copper, cadmium and other transition metals in drinking water was achieved by on-line sample pretreatment of chelation ion chromatography. Manganese, which coeluted with cadmium, was oxidized to permanganate by ammonium persulfate before injection. Permanganate, with bulk quantity of alkali, alkaline earth metals, iron and aluminum, was eliminated by pyrophosphoric acid–ammonium acetate buffer solution (pH 5.5), while retaining heavy and transition metals on a selective chelating resin (MetPac CC-1 column). Then, they were disabsorbed and transferred to a sulfonated cation exchanger (TMC-1 column). Finally, the concentrated trace metals were separated on a bifunctional ion-exchange column (CS5A) by a concentration gradient of oxalic acid and sodium nitrate eluents, coupled with post-column spectrophotometric detection with 2-[(5-bromo-2-pyridyl)azo]-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) at 560 nm. The separation and color-development conditions were optimized. The detection limits for the method (signal-to-noise ratio=3:1) were at or below the μg l⁻¹ level. The results of drinking water analyses were satisfactory.     

Determination of ammonium in seawater by column-switching ion chromatography

A system which combines column switching and concentration was developed. A binary eluent mechanism was developed to study the effect of high sample concentration matrix on retention time shifts of the trace analyte. Separation conditions were chosen according to this mechanism to reduce the retention time shift of ammonium in the presence of high concentration sodium ion: high concentration sulfuric acid (25 mmol/l) was used as the eluent, and a hydronium-selective column of high capacity--a CS12 column, was employed. Since the retention time shift was reduced, the interval between onset and the complete elution of a high concentration ammonium standard (10 mg/l) was directly defined as the column-switching time window, which greatly simplified the procedure for determining the time window. Results showed that for ammonium below 1 mg/l, 90% ammonium was introduced and concentrated. Detection limits of 12.8 microg/l were obtained for ammonium with sodium at 1000 mg/l.     

Flow injection gas-diffusion amperometric determination of trace amounts of ammonium ions with a cupric hexacyanoferrate

A new flow injection method for the determination of trace amounts of ammonium ions was developed by using a glassy carbon electrode electrodeposited with a film of cupric hexacyanoferrate coated with Nafion film as the sensor. The electrode gives sensitive but not selective response to potassium and ammonium ions. A gas-diffusion unit was used for the separation of ammonium and potassium ions and high selectivity and sensitivity for ammonium ions can be obtained. The method is simple and sensitive. Under optimum analytical conditions, the linear range of the calibration graph for ammonium ions is 2-40 muM. The method has been applied to the determination of ammonium ions in lake water and rain water samples. Recoveries of 94.4 to 104.4% were obtained. The relative standard deviations of seven replicate analyses for all samples were 1.1-2.3%.     

在线柱浓缩-超高效液相色谱法测定水体中的痕量甲萘威和呋喃丹

采用在线柱浓缩-超高效液相色谱联用技术测定水体中痕量甲萘威和呋喃丹。水样过滤后直接进样,采用固相萃取小柱富集待测物,梯度洗脱后,利用阀切换技术将待测物反冲至分析柱Acclaim RSLC C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.2 μm)上进行色谱分离,以10 mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲溶液(pH 5.0,用醋酸调节)和乙腈分别为流动相A和B,梯度洗脱,泵流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为280 nm,二极管阵列检测器检测。甲萘威和呋喃丹在1.0～100 μg/L范围内线性良好(相关系数r2 ＞ 0.9999),检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.5和0.25 μg/L,加标回收率为76.0%～120.0%。用所建立的方法测定了水中痕量的甲萘威与呋喃丹的含量,结果令人满意。     

Purge-and-trap ion chromatography for the determination of trace ammonium ion in high-salinity water samples

It has always been assumed that purge-and-trap (P&T) method is only used for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aqueous samples. In this paper, a novel P&T preconcentrator has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of ammonium ion in high-salinity water samples by ion chromatography (IC). Method performance is evaluated as a function of concentration of assistant purging material, purging time, and flow rate. Under the optimum P&T conditions with the purified nitrogen gas at flow rate 40 mL/min for 15.0 min at 40 degrees C, the overall collection efficiency is independent of the concentration of ammonium over the range 1.2-5.9 microM. The enrichment factor (EF) of ammonium correlates the ratio of the sample volume to the acceptor solution volume in the trap vessel, providing potentially unlimited increase of the ammonium signal. Our results indicate that environmental samples with low levels of ammonium in matrices with high concentrations of sodium can be easily analyzed and the detection limit down to 75 nM (1.35 ppb) level, corresponding to picomole of ammonia in the injected sample. Calibration graph was constructed with ammonium standards ranging from 0.05 to 6.0 microM and the linearity of the present method was good as suggested by the square of correlation coefficients being better than 0.997. Thus, we have demonstrated that the P&T-IC method allows the routine determination of ammonium ion in seawater samples without cation interferences.     

固相萃取-离子色谱法测定饮用水中的痕量卤代乙酸

建立了固相萃取-离子色谱(SPE-IC)测定饮用水中痕量卤代乙酸(HAAs)(包括一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、一溴乙酸和二溴乙酸)的方法。固相萃取采用LiChrolut EN SPE柱来进行痕量待测物的预浓缩（25倍）和基体杂质的消除,用NaOH(10 mmol/L)洗脱;色谱分离采用亲水性、高容量、氢氧化物选择型阴离子交换柱Dionex IonPac AS16(250 mm×4 mm i.d.),以NaOH为流动相进行浓度梯度淋洗,淋洗速度为0.8 mL/min,电导检测,进样量为500 μL。结果表明,用SPE-IC法测定HAAs,一溴乙酸的检测限为12.5 μg/L,其余4种HAAs的检测限为0.38~1.69　μg/L。该法可实现对饮用水中痕量卤代乙酸的测定。     

Dodecylbenzene sulfonate-coated magnetite nanoparticles as a new adsorbent for solid phase extraction-spectrophotometric determination of ultra trace amounts of ammonium in water samples

A new method was proposed for the determination of ammonium based on the preconcentration with dodecylbenzene sulfonate modified magnetite nanoparticles. Ammonium was oxidized to nitrite by hypobromite and then the nitrite produced was determined spectrophotometrically, using sulfabenzamide and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine after solid phase extraction. The azo dye produced was desorbed by an appropriate small volume of sodium hydroxide prior to the absorbance measurement. The linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range of 0.03-6.00 ng mL(-1) ammonium. The relative standard deviation and recovery percents were 1.0 and 99.0, respectively, for 1.0 ng mL(-1) ammonium, and the limit of detection was 3.2 ng L(-1) ammonium. The interfering effects of a large number of diverse ions on the determination of ammonium were studied. The method was applied to the determination of ammonium in various types of water resources. The results revealed a high efficiency for the recommended ammonium determination method.     

亲水作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱快速测定水样中氨基脲

建立了亲水作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速检测水中氨基脲的方法。水样中加入0.1 mol/ L NaOH 溶液后,以乙腈为提取剂,加入过量 Na2 SO4,使乙腈与水分层,乙腈提取液再经无水 Na2 SO4脱水后,采用亲水作用色谱柱 Amide 色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液及0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱电喷雾正离子、选择离子监测模式检测,同位素内标法进行定量分析。在最优实验条件下,氨基脲在0.2~20μg/ L 浓度范围内线性相关系数为0.997,方法的检出限为0.09μg/ L,定量限为0.30μg/ L。以淡水和海水为空白样品,在添加浓度为0.5,1.0和5.0μg/ kg 水平下,氨基脲的加标回收率为82.3%~92.0%,相对标准偏差小于7.6%。本方法适用于环境水样中氨基脲的快速分析。     

Selective separation of flavonoid glycosides in Dalbergia odorifera by matrix solid-phase dispersion using titania

Dalbergia odorifera contains high concentrations of flavonoid aglycones and trace flavonoid glycosides. In this study, trace flavonoid glycosides were separated from D. odorifera by titania with matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Before the MSPD experiment, four standards, including two isoflavone glycosides (genistin and formononetin-8-C-apiosyl (1-6)-glucoside) and their aglycones (genistein and formononetin), were used to compare their retention on a titania column. The effect of acetonitrile concentration and pH on their retention was investigated and a conclusion was drawn that high acetonitrile concentration and pH lead to the greatest difference in the retention of flavonoid as glycosides and aglycones. Besides hydrophilic interaction and ligand-exchange interaction may exist between sugar moiety of flavonoid glycoside and titania, so that flavonoid glycosides have stronger retention than that of aglycones. Based on the chromatographic rule of flavonoid as glycosides and aglycones on the titania column, the MSPD method was optimized to elute high concentration flavonoid aglycones first with 90% acetonitrile and 10% water containing 100 mM ammonium acetate buffer, and then to elute trace flavonoid glycosides with 20% acetonitrile and 80% water containing 1% trifluoroacetate (TFA). Isolated flavonoid glycosides were further analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS, and their fragmentation in MS(2) showed they are C-glycosyl flavonoids.