Cr3+,Yb3+,Er3+共掺磷酸盐铒玻璃转镜调Q激光性质研究

研究了Cr³⁺,Yb³⁺,Er³⁺共掺磷酸盐铒玻 璃转镜调Q激光性质.三种Er₂O₃掺杂浓度的激光实验结果表明，在Er₂O₃名义掺杂浓 度为0.5wt％时，玻璃的综合激 光性质最好，重复频率为0.1Hz时，它的激光阈值功率为14.5mJ，最大输出能量为9.6mJ ，斜率效率为0.55％.在同种实验条件下，比较了Cr14和Kigre公司生产的QE-7S激光性质参数，实验表明，前者激光阈值功率稍低，而后者的斜率效率和最大输出功率略高. 关键词： 3+-Yb³⁺-Er³⁺共掺')" href="#">Cr³⁺-Yb³⁺-Er³⁺共掺 磷酸 盐玻璃 光谱性质 激光性质     

Cr,Nd:YAG self-Q-switched laser with high efficiency output

The high efficient laser performance of self-Q-switched laser in the co-doped Cr⁴⁺,Nd³⁺:YAG microchip with 1.8 mm thickness was demonstrated. The slope efficiency is varied with the reflectivity of output coupler at 1064 nm, and the highest slope efficiency of 26% was obtained for 95% reflectivity of output coupler at 1064 nm. The pulse width, the single pulse energy and the pulse repetition rate for different reflectivity of the output couplers were measured, and the experimental results agree with the numerical calculations of the passively Q-switched rate equations. This can lead to develop the diode laser pumped monolithic self-Q-switched solid-state microchip lasers, especially for the intracavity frequency-doubled solid-state microchip lasers.     

Efficient Tm, Ho-co-doped silica fibre laser diode pumped at 1150 nm

High power and highly efficient operation of a Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺-doped silica fibre laser that is pumped with diode lasers operating at 1150 nm is demonstrated. Internal slope efficiencies approaching the Stokes limit were produced and the maximum output power was 2.9 W. High power diode lasers operating at 1150 nm are valuable pump sources for a range of fibre lasers offering output in the shortwave infrared spectrum.     

New all-solid-state tunable UV Ce3+, Yb3+:LiY0.4Lu0.6F4 laser

Here we report laser test results of the new UV solid-state active medium based on a Ce³⁺, Yb³⁺:LiY_0.4Lu_0.6F₄ mixed crystal pumped by radiation from Ce:LiCAF laser. The 10-Hz pulse repetition rate Ce³⁺, Yb³⁺:LiY_0.4Lu_0.6F₄ laser yielded a maximum output power of 0.25 mJ at 311nm in non-optimized non-selective resonator with a maximal slope efficiency of 13%. Tunability from 304 to 332 nm was achieved in the selective single-prism resonator.     

2.7-W Ho<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped silica fibre laser pumped at 1100 nm and operating at 2.1 μm

The basic performance characteristics of a Ho ³⁺-doped silica fibre laser that operates in a single transverse mode at ~2.1 µm and is pumped with the 1100-nm output from a free-running Yb ³⁺-doped silica fibre laser are presented. We measure a maximum slope efficiency (with respect to launched pump power) of 35% and we generate a maximum output power of 2.7 W at an optical-to-optical efficiency of 18% with respect to the incident pump power. The wavelength of the output is length tuned from 2090 nm to 2100 nm when the a _absL product varies from 1.2 to 2.7. The use of the free-running output from a Yb ³⁺-doped silica fibre laser to pump the Ho ³⁺-doped silica fibre laser is very convenient and allows significant scaling of the output power.     

LD-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO4/YVO4 laser with an Nd3+:Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber

By using a piece of codoped Nd³⁺:Cr⁴⁺:YAG crystal as a saturable absorber, a laser-diode pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO₄/YVO₄ laser has been realized. The maximum laser output power of 2.452 W has been obtained at the incident pump power of 8.9 W for an 8.8% transmission of the output coupler at 1064 nm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 30%. The other output laser characteristics of the laser have also been investigated. The laser with a Nd³⁺:Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber has a lower threshold pump power and a higher slope efficiency compared to that with a similar small-signal transmission of a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber.     

Efficient room-temperature operation of Cr3+-sensitized,flashlamp-pumped, 2µm lasers

Utilizing the results of Cr³⁺ → Tm³⁺ transfer efficiency studies, we have demonstrated that yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) is the preferred host for room-temperature, flashlamp-pumped solid-state lasers operating in the 2.0 µm spectral range. We report data on two different sensitizer-activator combinations in YAG and yttrium scandium gallium garnet (YSGG) laser materials: one is doped with Cr:Tm:Ho and operates on the Ho³⁺⁵I₇ →⁵I₈ transition at 2.097 µm; the other is doped only with Cr:Tm, which lases on the Tm³⁺³F₄ →³H₆ transition at 2.014 µm. We have achieved a slope efficiency of 5.1% with the Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG laser, which is the highest slope efficiency yet reported for a room-temperature, flashlamp-pumped, 2 µm solid-state laser. We have measured thresholds as low as 38 J and output energies >1.5 J for that system. We also report the first room-temperature operation of an efficient flashlamp-pumped Cr:Tm:YAG laser at 2.014 µm. Thresholds as low as 43 J, output energies exceeding 2 J, and slope efficiencies as high as 4.5% have been achieved. This is an order of magnitude higher than the efficiency previously reported for a 2.01 µm Cr:Tm:YAG laser operated at cryogenic temperatures. These two efficient 2 µm laser systems (Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG and Cr:Tm:YAG) are discussed in terms of their potential for Q-switched operation.     

All-fiber clad-pumped Tm3+-doped fiber amplifier using high power fiber combiner

The diode laser (LD) clad-pumped 1947.6 nm continuous wave (CW) Tm³⁺-doped fiber amplifier is reported using the master oscillation power amplifier (MOPA) method. The injected seed laser is provided by an all-fiber LD-clad-pumped Tm³⁺-doped single-mode fiber laser, which has a nearly 2.4 W maximal output power and 0.1 nm ultra-narrow linewidth based on the intracore reflection FBG. Using the 25/400 μm double-clad LMA Tm³⁺-doped fiber as the gain fiber, the output maximal output power is 30.6 W from the fiber amplifier, with a slope efficiency of 39.1% respected to the LD total output power. A high power multi-mode fiber combiner is used to couple high power LD light into the gain fiber. The output wavelength is also located at 1947.6 nm, with the slightly expanded laser linewidth of 0.2 nm.     

Top-hat beam Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped fiber laser using an intracavity abrupt taper

The top-hat beam clad-pumped Tm³⁺-doped fiber laser was realized simply using an intracavity multi-mode abrupt taper. The ratio of the flat-top diameter to the spot diameter reaches 53%, with a small intensity variation less than 6%, and the top-hat beam’s half-divergence angle is only 5.3°. The fiber laser has a maximal output power of 5 W with slope efficiency of 39.7%, pumped by the 792 nm diode laser (LD). The abrupt taper is directly made on the multi-mode double-clad Tm³⁺-doped fiber near the fiber laser output end with the 0.45 ratio of taper waist diameter to fiber clad diameter, and this fiber end 4% Fresnel reflection is used to be the output coupler. The fiber laser’s high reflective coupler is an intracore multi-mode FBG, which is directly written into the multi-mode Tm³⁺-doped fiber core using femtosecond laser and phase mask, at the other fiber end. The abrupt taper has no obviously influence on the fiber laser output power, and the output laser spectrum.     

High power diode-pumped triply doped fibre laser

A triply doped fibre laser is demonstrated for the first time. Using the 805 nm and 975 nm output from two diode laser sources to simultaneously pump a 2.1 m Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺-doped silica fibre laser, a maximum output power of 4.3 W was generated at slope efficiencies of 21% and 11% with respect to the launched 805 nm and 975 nm pump light, respectively. Whilst a number of energy transfer upconversion processes at the current dopant concentration levels appear to have impacted on the overall efficiency of the laser, the use of two separately pumped sensitiser ions to excite a single lasant ion has been shown to be a successful approach. PACS 42.55.Wd; 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Lh; 42.60.Pk     

Tunable single-mode pulsed Ti3+:Sapphire laser injection-seeded by a continuous-wave Cr3+:LiSrAlF6 laser

Spectrally pure high-power tunable single-mode operation of a pulsed Ti³⁺:sapphire laser by a tunable injection-seeding is reported. The injection laser was a cw diode laser pumped, spectrally narrowed tunable Cr³⁺:LiSrAlF₆ (Cr³⁺:LiSAF) laser with a grating in the auxiliary cavity. Single-mode tunable operation of a pulsed Ti³⁺: sapphire ring oscillator was obtained at different wavelengths in the range between 818 nm and 848 nm with a typical linewidth of 0.006 cm^-1. To extend the applicability of this operation to a differential absorption lidar system, the single-mode Ti³⁺:sapphire oscillator output was amplified and a high energy output of 38 mJ was obtained with the same linewidth.     

CW laser properties of Nd:GdYAG,Nd:LuYAG,and Nd:GdLuAG mixed crystals

Three mixed crystals, Nd:GdYAG, Nd:LuYAG, and Nd:GdLuAG, were grown by Czochralski method. We report the continuous-wave (CW) Nd:GdYAG, Nd:LuYAG, and Nd:GdLuAG laser operation under laser diode pumping. The maximum output powers are 4.11, 5.31, and 7.47 W, with slope efficiency of 73.0, 55.3, and 57.1%, respectively. With replacing Lu³⁺ or Y³⁺ ions with large Gd³⁺ ions, the pump efficiency increases.     

Upconversion in Detail: Multicolor Emission of Yb/Er/Tm-Doped Nanoparticles under 800, 975, 1208, and 1532 nm Excitation Wavelengths

Spectroscopic properties of YPO₄ nanoparticles doped with Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺, and Er³⁺ ions have been studied in detail. These multiemitting materials are promising not only for photonic or electronic use but especially for anticounterfeiting applications. The nanopowders are synthesized by the facile coprecipitation method with annealing in the air atmosphere at 1000 °C. The structural and morphological studies reveal pure tetragonal nanocrystallites with an average size of 20–30 nm. Most interestingly, under NIR excitation, the samples exhibit intense upconversion (UC) luminescence where the color can be tuned by changing the laser source, switching the excitation wavelengths between 800, 975, 1208, and 1532 nm, double-wavelength excitation, and by changing laser power density. As a result, a very high color shift, being the result of intensity changes in the emission bands of Er³⁺ (green and red) and Tm³⁺ (blue and red) is obtained. The luminescence lifetimes, temporal evolution, and the pump power dependences are also measured to propose the mechanisms responsible for the observed UC emission.     

A global design of high power Nd-Yb co-doped fiber lasers

A global optimization method - niche hybrid genetic algorithm (NHGA) based on fitness sharing and elite replacement is applied to optimize Nd³⁺-Yb³⁺ co-doped fiber lasers (NYDFLs) for obtaining maximum signal output power. With a objective function and different pumping powers, five critical parameters (the fiber length, L; the proportion of pump power for pumping Nd³⁺, η; Nd³⁺ and Yb³⁺ concentrations, N_Nd and N_Yb and output mirror reflectivity, R_out) of the given NYDFLs are optimized by solving the rate and power propagation equations. Results show that dividing equally the input pump power among 808 nm (Nd³⁺) and 940 nm (Yb³⁺) is not an optimal choice and the pump power of Nd³⁺ ions should be kept around 10-13.78% of the total pump power. Three optimal schemes are obtained by NHGA and the highest slope efficiency of the laser is able to reach 80.1%.     

高效率掺Tm~(3+)双包层光纤及光纤激光器的研制

掺Tm3+光纤激光器有着广泛的应用前景,而掺Tm3+光纤是其核心与关键.本文采用改进的化学汽相沉积(MCVD)工艺和气相液相复合掺杂技术,在MCVD机车上实现了掺Tm3+石英光纤预制棒的制备,并制备了掺Tm3+石英双包层光纤(芯包比为10/125).利用上述光纤搭建直腔型全光纤激光器,在波长为793nm的LD抽运下,获得激光光谱中心波长为2002 nm,最大的激光输出功率30.7 W,光纤斜率效率为59.32%.     

Critical pump power and cross-section calculation for Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped novel inner-clad structures

Rare-earth doped fiber lasers are now considered suitable sources for the 1.0-, 1.5-, and even 2.0-μm regions in a relatively large number of applications. In particular, Yb³⁺-doped fiber lasers have received strong interest due to its high quantum efficiency, broad tunability, and available high output power. In this work, we present results on a newly developed code for the simulation of the critical power that is required when designing double-clad high-power Yb³⁺-doped fiber lasers, which are based on novel inner-clad structures. From our results, we can also estimate σ_ep, σ_el, σ_ap, and σ_al for the aforementioned free-running laser cavities. Finally, we will formulate our predictions for feasible fiber laser cross sections.     

敏化离子Ce3+对Er3+∶YAG的1.6μm波长激光性能的影响

测定了Ce³⁺,Er³⁺∶YAG中Ce³⁺离子的吸收截面.用从能级跃迁速率方程和激光传输方程推出的表达式计算了1.6μm波长激光的阈值能量(功率)和斜率效率.表明在Ce³⁺,Er³⁺∶YAG中,Ce³⁺对Er³⁺离子的激光性能影响与激活离子Er³⁺的浓度、晶棒大小有关.短晶棒或浓度低的晶体加入Ce³⁺可降低Er 关键词：     

Engineering lattice matching, doping level, and optical properties of KY(WO4)2:Gd, Lu, Yb layers for a cladding-side-pumped channel waveguide laser

Single-crystalline KY_1?x?y?z Gd_xLu_yYb_z(WO₄)₂ layers are grown onto undoped KY(WO₄)₂ substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy. The purpose of co-doping the KY(WO₄)₂ layer with suitable fractions of Gd³⁺ and Lu³⁺ is to achieve lattice-matched layers that allow us to engineer a high refractive-index contrast between waveguiding layer and substrate for obtaining tight optical mode confinement and simultaneously accommodate a large range of Yb³⁺ doping concentrations by replacing Lu³⁺ ions of similar ionic radius for a variety of optical amplifier or laser applications. Crack-free layers, up to a maximum lattice mismatch of ~0.08 %, are grown with systematic variations of Y³⁺, Gd³⁺, Lu³⁺, and Yb³⁺ concentrations, their refractive indices are measured at several wavelengths, and Sellmeier dispersion curves are derived. The influence of co-doping on the spectroscopy of Yb³⁺ is investigated. As evidenced by the experimental results, the lattice constants, refractive indices, and transition cross-sections of Yb³⁺ in these co-doped layers can be approximated with good accuracy by weighted averages of data from the pure compounds. The obtained information is exploited to fabricate a twofold refractive-index-engineered sample consisting of a highly Yb³⁺-doped tapered channel waveguide embedded in a passive planar waveguide, and a cladding-side-pumped channel waveguide laser is demonstrated.     

End-pumped Tm,Ho:NaY(WO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript> crystal laser at 2.07 μm

We presented an infrared laser output at 2.07 μm with Tm,Ho:NaY(WO₄)₂ crystal end-pumped by 795 nm laser diode at room temperature. The crystal was grown by the Czochralski method with the concentrations of 5 at % Tm³⁺ and 1 at % Ho³⁺. The highest output power was up to 2.7 W corresponding to the crystal temperature being controlled at 283 K. The overall optical conversion efficiency was 5.4% and the slop efficiency was 26%. The output characteristics and the laser threshold affected by the pulse duration and temperature have been studied. We found the stability of the output power was correlative with the crystal temperature heavily. In addition, the wider pulse duration of pump could promote the output power efficiently.     

CW single transverse mode all-fiber Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser

The CW 25.6 W output power with a slope efficiency of 30.6% respected to the pump power from a CW single transverse mode all-fiber Tm³⁺-doped Silica Fiber Laser is reported. The all-fiber laser is made up by progressively splicing the pigtail fiber, matched FBG fiber and Tm fiber. The reflective FBG and Tm³⁺-doped fiber end Fresnel reflection build up the laser resonance cavity. Due to the multi-mode FBG as the reflective mirror, the output laser spectrum is multi-peaks at high output power, but the spectrum width is less than 2 nm at 1.94 μm. We estimate the beam quality to be M ² = 2.39, clearly indicating nearly diffraction-limited beam propagation.