高温核的奇异衰变过程

本文简要评述了中能重离子碰撞中可能存在的奇异密度分布形状──气泡核和环形核的形成,并论述了实验观测方面的可能特征． Possible existence of the exotic density shapes-the formation of nuclear bubbles and rings-in the domain of intermediate energy heavy ion collisions have been briefly reviewed. Some experimental consequences were dicussed.     

对缺中子核(A<70)质子衰变的预言

在质量区A<70范围内,对远离β稳定线的缺中子核质子衰变的可能性进行了理论预言,计算基于Kelson-Garvey核力电荷对称质量关系和同位旋相似态质量公式,给出了预言的核素图,将预言计算与实验结果进行了比较,对绝大多数已发现的核,质子能量在300keV以内符合得很好.计算同时指出双质子、三质子衰变的可能性,并给出了目标核.     

奇异核漫谈

 一八九六年放射性现象的发观,使人类第一次接收到来自原子核的信息.十五年以后,原子的有核模型出现了.到了一九三二年,发现了中子,这促使人们认识到原子核是由不带电的中子和带正电的质子所组成.在核物理与核化学中,把由一定数目的质子与中子组成的原子核称为一种核素.至今已发现的核素约有二千七百种,其中仅有二百八十种左右是稳定的,也就是说,人们没有发现它们通过放射性衰变而转化为另一种核素的现象.     

r-过程路径核β——衰变半衰期的估算

分析了20 < A < 190范围内丰中子核β衰变的实验数据,根据半衰期随质子数、中子数以及衰变能变化所呈现的壳效应和对效应等特点,提出了一种有效估算丰中子核β衰变寿命的公式。新的计算公式形式简单包含了较少的参数、计算量小。用该公式能较为准确地再现丰中子核的β衰变半衰期。用RIKEN最新测量丰中子核半衰期检验了该公式的外推能力,本工作可以为r-过程研究提供可靠的输入数据。Experimental data of the β--decay half-lives for the nuclei with atomic number between 20 and 190 are investigated. We have systematically studied the shell effects and pairing effects on β--decay half-lives versus the decay energy Q and nucleon numbers (Z, N). An empirical formula has been proposed to calculate the β--decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei. The empirical formula is simple and has relatively few parameters. Experimental β--decay half-lives of the neutron-rich nuclei are well reproduced by the new formula. In addition, the extrapolating capacity of this formula has been checked with the very recent experimental data from RIKEN. The predicted half-lives for r-process relevant nuclei with the current formula can be served as the reliable input of r-process model calculations.     

核结构和衰变数据评价国际协作网活动

简要介绍了核结构和衰变数据评价国际协作网的组建，中国小组评价活动，历届会议简况，以及第１１届会议取得的主要成果。     

相对论夸克模型中底奇异介子的辐射衰变(英文)

系统地研究了相对论夸克模型框架下的底奇异介子的辐射衰变。给出了底奇异介子E1 和M1 辐射衰变分宽度。这些结果表明,大多数电偶极辐射衰变宽带能达到数个keV,大多数磁偶极辐射衰变宽度小于1 个keV,这为实验上通过辐射衰变寻找底奇异介子提供了理论依据。建设中的Belle II 上的实验可以进一步验证我们的结果。We systematically study the radiative transitions of bottom-strange mesons in the framework of the relativistic constituent quark model. The partial widths of the E1 and M1 decays are predicted. The results predict that most of E1 decay widths are several keV and most of M1 decay widths are less than 1 keV,which give a roadmap of searching for the higher bottom-strange mesons via radiative decays. The experimental searches by the forthcoming Belle II can in turn provide further tests to our result in the present work.     

超重核的生成和衰变

简单介绍了近年来在超重核研究方面所取得的成就和理论方面所面临的挑战.着重介绍推广的液滴模型和准分子形状机制,它们的优点是考虑了精确的核半经、质量和电荷的不对称性、形变、亲和力和温度等.推广的液滴模型和准分子形状机制能很好地描述重核和超重核的裂变、衰变及完全熔合反应.The progress and challenge on studies of superheavy elements both experiments and theories has been briefly introduced. It is emphasis to introduce a generalized liquid drop model, including the proximity effects, the asymmetry, an accurate nuclear radius, and quasi molecular shapes. The α decay half lives of 373 nuclei and superheavy elements have been calculated in the generalized liquid drop model and compared with the available experimental data. The deformed energies have also been obtained ...     

放射性核衰变统计规律实验的计算机模拟

本文从原理上分析了采用舍选法进行随机抽样,得到符合放射性衰变统计规律的模拟计数值,并用TC进行了编程实现;然后介绍了利用办公自动化软件中的电子表格EXCEL处理数据的方法;最后根据程序生成的模拟计数进行了处理,获得了理论频数和实验频数的对照图;进一步可以进行x2检验。     

活化反应截面评价中核衰变数据的作用和影响

就核衰变数据在活化反应截面评价中的作用和影响作了比较详细的介绍,通过几个实例,说明在活化反应截面评价中必须充分考虑核衰变数据的作用和影响.核衰变数据的不准确性有时是造成活化反应截面彼此间分歧的主要原因.     

同核异能跃迁衰变的γ射线强度计算

简要介绍了同核异能跃迁衰变的γ射线强度的计算方法,并以实例进行说明,还给出了有关的物理自洽检验方法及其讨论.     

可能合成的超重核的alpha衰变能和半衰期

本文考察和研究了将来可能在实验上合成的超重新元素和新核素的基态性质。研究的重点主要放在原子核的alpha衰变能和半衰期。详细比较和讨论了不同理论模型计算的alpha衰变能和半衰期。通过这些计算和比较,从理论上提出了将来在实验上比较容易合成的超重新元素和新核素的性质。理论计算结果可为将来的超重核实验提供理论参考。     

奇Z超重核的禁戒α衰变(英文)

采用密度依赖的结团模型研究了奇Z 超重核的禁戒α衰变, 粒子与子核之间的微观核势通过双折叠模型对M3Y 核子-核子相互作用势以及 粒子与子核的密度积分给出。 粒子与子核之间的库仑相互作用也通过 粒子与子核的电荷密度积分给出。计算发现,由于非零角动量带来的禁戒效应和小的α粒子预形成几率,奇Z 超重核的α衰变寿命会明显变长。We investigate the α-transition of odd-Z superheavy nuclei by the density-dependent cluster model (DDCM). The microscopic nuclear potential between the -particle and the daughter nucleus is evaluated numerically from the double-folding model with the standard M3Y nucleon-nucleon interaction. The Coulomb potential is also obtained from the double-folding integral of the proton-proton Coulomb interaction with the charge density distributions of α-particle and daughter nucleus. From our calculations, enhanced stability againstα-decays is found for the odd-Z superheavy nuclei due to the hindrance effect of non-zero angular momentum and the small preformation factor of the -particle.     

奇异核性质的研究

介绍了用放射性核束研究奇异核性质的物理问题, 分析了理论研究的主要方法、模型和现状, 并就对关联、连续态与束缚态的耦合、壳效应和自旋 轨道相互作用、质子晕等问题作了进一步的讨论．We briefly present the physical aspects in the study of exotic nuclei with radioaction nuclear beams and introuduce the main theoretical methods,models and present status. A few theoretical problems,such as....     

在线同位素分离器和丰中子核β衰变

简要介绍了在线同位素分离器的原理以及在奇异核β衰变核谱学中的应用。着重介绍了芬兰Jyv（ae）skyl（ae）大学的离子制导型在线同位素分离器,并对在该装置上开展的丰中子Ag同位素的β^-衰变研究进行了综述。Isotope Separator on Line is briefly introduced with emphasis on the basic concept and features related to the production of exotic nuclei and β decay spectroscopy. The Ion Guide Isotope Separator on Line （IGISOL）at the University of Jyv（ae）skyl（ae）, Finland is presented in detail with experimental results on the decay of neutron-rich silver isotopes produced in proton induced symmetric fission.     

核衰变产生的X射线和俄歇电子数据计算

核衰变过程中,内转换电子发射和电子俘获能在原子电子壳层内留下空穴.其他原子电子壳层的电子将填补这些空穴,其原子电子位置将重排,并发射X射线和俄歇电子.X射线和俄歇电子的能量由原子电子结合能计算得到,X射线和俄歇电子的强度分别由内转换电子发射和电子俘获在原子电子壳层内留下的空穴数,X射线荧光产额,和空穴转移系数计算得到.本文简要介绍核衰变产生的X射线和俄歇电子数据的计算方法、计算程序与工作流程,并以核衰变为例说明其具体应用和简要讨论与总结.     

热核的衰变动力学研究

在Vlasov框架下讨论了高温、高压缩核物质的动力学演化过程.通过研究得出,初始过程对碎裂的影响很大,这里密度的影响比热激发能的影响更大.在相同的初始条件下,不可压缩系数对碎裂过程影响很大,即热核在硬势的平均场中比在软势的平均场中更易裂开     

利用强流ISOL束研究20Na的奇异衰变模式(英文)

北京放射性离子束装置（Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility,BRIF）是基于在线同位素分离器技术的国家大科学平台。在BRIF装置上利用100 MeV的质子束轰击较厚的反应靶产生放射性核素;反应产物经离子源电离和在线分离,在线同位素分离段可引出100~300 keV的放射性核束,质量分辨率达20 000。在基金委科学仪器基础研究专项的支持下,建成了多用途的衰变实验终端,包括束流传输管道、通用靶室、带电粒子和γ探测器、集成电子学和数据获取系统等。利用100 MeV的质子束轰击MgO厚靶产生了流强高达1×105 pps的20Na放射性核束。通过高效率地同时测量β,γ和α,第一次直接观测到20Na非常稀有的β-γ-α衰变模式。Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility(BRIF) has been commissioned as the national Radioactive Ion Beam(RIB) facility based on the Isotope Separator On Line(ISOL) technique since 2016. At BRIF, the radioactive nuclides are produced by the proton beam of 100 MeV bombarding a thick-target, the reaction products diffusing out of the target are ionized by an ion source and delivered to the online mass separator. In addition to the post-accelerated radioactive ion beams, BRIF can provide low-energy ISOL beams of 100 to 300 keV with a mass resolution of 20 000. A general-purpose decay station has been built including the ISOL beam transport line, a conventional reaction chamber, charge-particle and γ detectors with integrated electronics and data acquisition system. An intense 20Na ISOL beam up to 1×105 pps was produced by using the 100 MeV proton beam bombarding a MgO thick target. With high-efficiency measurements of β, γ and α simultaneously, very rare β-γ-α decay mode in 20Na has been directly observed for the first time in the present work.     

对质子滴线核19Na的β延迟质子衰变的首次观察

由²⁰Ne(P,2n)¹⁹Na反应,对质子滴线核¹⁹Na进行了研究,实验在中国科学院高能物理研究所质子直线加速器上进行,首次观察到了¹⁹Na的β延迟质子衰变,测定其质子能量为1.10±0.08MeV,半衰期为47±20ms,它相应于¹⁹Na基态到¹⁹Ne的7.62MeV、T=3/2同位旋相似态的超允许β跃迁和由此态到¹⁸F基态的级联质子衰变.