Amberlite XAD-2键合双硫腙螯合树脂现场预富集测定水中痕量铅

以Amberlite XAD-2树脂与双硫腙通过N N基键合的形式合成了一种新型螯合树脂(XAD-H2DZ),采用IR和TGA技术对其特性进行了表征,并将其应用于微柱现场在线采样(MFS)新技术中,实现了环境水样中痕量铅的在线原位预富集和实验室中流动注射-火焰原子吸收(FI-FAAS)系统的联机测定。当采样体积为10和50 mL时,其富集因子分别为78和384倍;检出限(3σ)分别为0.32和0.079μg/L;相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.0%和1.9%。对环境水样标准物质(GBW 08608)、海水中微量元素标准物质(GBW(E)080040)和实际样品(大连老虎滩区域海水以及南湖水)中铅进行分析,均获得了满意的结果。     

硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶在线选择性固相萃取火焰原子吸收测定环境样品中痕量铜

以制备的硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶为微柱填充材料,建立酸性条件(pH 1 0)下流动注射微柱选择性预富集,0.6 mol/L硫脲溶液洗脱,火焰原子吸收测定环境样品中痕量铜的方法。流动注射在线固相萃取的最佳采样流速为8.0 mL/min;最佳洗脱流速为5.0 mL/min,时间为60 s。在优化的条件下,采样体积为10和50 mL时,线性范围分别为2.0～100.0μg/L和0.5～30.0μg/L;检出限(3σ)分别为0.36和0.07μg/L;富集倍数分别为80和170;相对标准偏差分别为(n=9)3.5%和2.0%。研究了环境样品中常见阴阳离子对测定的干扰。应用于灌木枝叶样品(GBW07602)、标准模拟水样(GBW08608)样品和环境样品中铜的分离与富集,取得满意结果。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定海水中软骨藻酸

软骨藻酸(domoic acid, DA)是一种由海洋硅藻产生的生物毒素,具有强烈的神经毒性,近海水环境中的DA严重威胁海洋渔业生物和人类健康,因此对近海水环境中的DA进行有效监测至关重要。该文基于固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(SPE-LC-MS/MS),建立了适用于海水中痕量、超痕量DA的检测方法。针对近海水生环境中DA浓度相对较高的情况下,采用在线SPE-LC-MS/MS检测模式,可减少前处理过程,提高样品的分析效率。离线SPE结合在线SPE-LC-MS/MS可实现大洋和极地海水中含量更低的DA的检测。通过对在线固相萃取条件和液相色谱、质谱条件的优化,海水样品经过滤和酸化简单处理后直接进样0.6 mL进行在线SPE-LC-MS/MS检测,DA在10.0~500.0 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(线性相关系数R²=0.9992),检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为4.0和10.0 ng/L,并且具有较好的方法回收率(≥81.0%)和精密度(RSD≤4.2%),表明方法可用于近海海水中痕量DA的检测。通过对离线固相萃取柱的选择和酸化条件的优化,80.0 mL海水样品经离线HLB固相萃取柱富集后,进行在线SPE-LC-MS/MS检测,DA在0.3~50.0 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(R²=0.9990),回收率(≥69.2%)和精密度(RSD≤4.4%)较好,LOD和LOQ分别为0.1和0.3 ng/L,说明方法的灵敏度较直接进样法大幅提升,实现了海水中超痕量DA的准确测定。这两种检测方法操作简单,样品用量小,灵敏度高,可满足近海养殖区及远岸海水中DA监测的要求。     

流动注射微柱预富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中铅(Ⅱ)

应用流动注射技术,用D412螯合树脂微柱富集海水中的铅(Ⅱ),并与火焰原子吸收光谱法相结合测定海水中铅(Ⅱ)。20mL海水样品以3mL.min-1流量进柱,被树脂螯合吸附富集,以0.2mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液5mL淋洗柱体去除干扰物,以4mol.L-1硝酸溶液4mL为洗脱剂(流量为7mL.min-1),洗脱液直接引入火焰原子吸收光谱仪雾化器,在线检测。当海水样进样20mL时,铅(Ⅱ)测定灵敏度可提高约35倍;检出限(3s)为1.3μg.L-1。实际应用于海水样品分析,加标回收率为94.5%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%。     

高效毛细管电泳大体积样品堆积在线富集法测定蒲公英中阿魏酸、绿原酸和咖啡酸

采用大体积样品堆积(LVSS)在线富集模式,建立了高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)测定蒲公英中阿魏酸、绿原酸和咖啡酸含量的方法。主要考察了在毛细管区带电泳(CZE)分离模式下,缓冲液的pH和浓度对分离效果的影响,以及在LVSS在线富集模式下,进样时间对富集效果的影响。在最优条件下阿魏酸、绿原酸和咖啡酸可在12 min内得到分离,3个成分在0.5~25.0μg/mL浓度范围内均有较好的线性关系(r2=0.999),平均加样回收率分别为104.9%,98.0%和100.1%,RSD(n=6)分别为3.6%,2.6%和1.0%。定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.10,0.10和0.03μg/mL,检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.03,0.03和0.01μg/mL。相对于常规CZE模式,本方法的富集效果倍数为17~19倍。建立的方法可用于蒲公英的日常检测与质量控制。     

在线样品前处理大体积进样离子色谱法直接测定海水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐

采用戴安公司谱睿(Pre)在线样品除氯技术,结合OnGuard Ba柱去除硫酸盐,建立了离子色谱直接测定海水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐的方法。该方法以IonPac AG23为富集柱,高容量IonPac AS23为分离柱,淋洗液自动发生装置在线产生KOH溶液进行梯度淋洗,抑制电导检测。实验结果表明: 样品稀释5～10倍时,直接进样不会干扰目标物测定。当流速为1 mL/min、进样量为500 μL时,海水中NO~2-N、NO~3-N、PO3~4-P的方法检出限分别为0.3、0.4、0.2 μg/L,线性范围分别为10～500 μg/L、14～680 μg/L、3.4～170 μg/L,线性相关系数r均大于0.9990。测得人工海水样品中目标物的加标回收率为92%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为1.2%～7.7%。该方法一次进样可在13 min内完成分析,具有操作简单快捷、无污染等优点,能满足近海海水中NO~2、NO~3、PO3~4的定量分析要求。     

GC-NCI/MS法分析海水中得克隆类物质

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-负化学源质谱联用法(SPE-GC-NCI/MS)同时测定海水中5种得克隆类物质的方法。采用二氯甲烷进行液液萃取(LLE),萃取液经过硅胶固相萃取小柱净化后,在15 m长的DB-5HT高温毛细管气相色谱柱上分离,NCI/MS以选择离子监测模式检测目标化合物。方法中5种得克隆类物质Dec 602,Dec 603,Syn DP和Anti DP的检出限分别为0.01,0.01,0.08,0.02和0.01 ng/L,平均加标回收率分别为61%,75%,75%,87%和91%,RSD均小于5.1%。采用该法对河北近岸海域16个采样站位海水样品进行分析,所有采样站位均有得克隆类物质检出。     

离子色谱法测定烟气脱硫海水中的亚硫酸根离子

建立了燃煤电厂烟气脱硫海水中亚硫酸根(SO2~3)的离子色谱-脉冲安培检测方法。色谱柱为IonPac AS14A阴离子交换柱,流动相为14 mmol/L NaOH-12 mmol/L Na2CO3溶液(pH 11.7),流速1.2 mL/min,脉冲安培法检测。因SO2~3易被氧化,故在采样时加入甲醛作为保护剂,使之稳定存在。在测定海水样品前,用NaOH溶液(pH 12.0)沉淀海水中的Mg2+,以避免其在pH较高的流动相中生成沉淀堵塞色谱柱。采用该方法检测SO2~3的线性范围为0～100 mg/L,平均回收率为116.8%,检出限为0.05 mg/L;对7.5,25.0和75.0 mg/L的海水基底加标溶液分别进行9次平行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.1%,3.1%和4.0%。该方法具有快速、灵敏、选择性好等特点,用于烟气脱硫的海水中SO2~3的检测,可得到令人满意的结果。     

一种富集海水中有机氯和菊酯类农药的船载式正压固相萃取装置

研制了一种正压驱动的新型固相萃取(SPE)装置以替代真空泵负压驱动SPE装置用于富集海水中的有机氯和菊酯类农药。与水样接触的采样瓶和管路均采用不含氯的塑料材质。整个装置的连接部分用螺母螺栓紧固,以保证密封性和牢固性。水样瓶内部的压力(0.1~0.3 MPa)由单片机和压力传感器控制的隔膜充气泵(12 V电池供电)提供,水样过柱的流速在4.0~6.0 mL/min之间。SPE柱预淋洗后储存4周内有效,采样后储存6周内回收率大于80%。方法的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9,方法的定量限为0.8~6.0 ng/L,3个不同添加水平(n=3)的平均回收率为86.1%~95.5%,相对标准偏差小于10%。海水实际样品中均检出六六六(BHC)和滴滴涕(DDT)。该装置在富集海水中有机氯和菊酯类农药方面有较好的应用。     

固相萃取-在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中31种有机氯农药

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-在线凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)-气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定水中31种有机氯农药(OCPs)含量的方法,并用于福建各地水样的分析。水样以10 mL·min~(-1)速率过SPE柱,吹氮10 min除去水分,用5 mL二氯甲烷以1.0 mL·min~(-1)速率过柱洗脱目标物,样品瓶隔夜沥干,用5 mL二氯甲烷分2次洗涤,洗涤液合并至洗脱液中,吹氮至0.5 mL,供在线GPC净化和GC-MS/MS分析。在线GPC净化中采用GLNpak EV-200色谱柱和体积比为3∶7的丙酮-环己烷混合液;气相色谱以SH-Rxi-5Sil MS型毛细管色谱柱为固定相,在程序升温下进行色谱分离;串联质谱以电子轰击离子(EI)源电离,在多反应监测模式下检测;以基质匹配混合标准溶液系列制作工作曲线,外标法定量。结果显示:水中31种OCPs的质量浓度和其对应的峰面积均在一定范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.3～8.3 ng·L~(-1)。对实际水样进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,31种OCPs的回收率为67.0%～123%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9%～20%。用此方法分析福建省11个地区枯水期的水样(包括海水、地表水和工业废水),结果显示:福建省枯水期各水体中OCPs的检出量为5.2～125.6 ng·L~(-1),宁德三都澳(海水)检出OCPs的种类较多(11种),与福建省2006年以前文献报道的数据相比,OCPs检出量较低,且均低于中国或权威组织机构标准规定的限值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.