Carbohydrates and lipids ofPleurotus ostreatus

The composition of the fruiting body ofPleurotus ostreatus has been studied. The total neutral lipids and phospholipids have been isolated. In the neutral lipids, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterol and triterpenol esters predominated. In the phospholipids, the main components were phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines. The qualitative compositions of the sugars and the pectin are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 74. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 362–364, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted June 20, 1994.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofBrassica oleracea

Lipids and polysaccharides have been obtained from the leaves ofBrassica oleracea. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the total neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The carbohydrate complex of cabbage includes water-soluble polysaccharides, low-methoxyl pectins, hemicelluloses, and free monosugars. The polypeptides have been characterized by their mannoside compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–615, September–October, 1994.     

Nomenclature of Carbohydrates

These Recommendations expand and replace the Tentative Rules for Carbohydrate Nomenclature [1] issued in 1969 jointly by the IUPAC Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry and the IUB-IUPAC Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN) and reprinted in [2]. They also replace other published JCBN Recommendations [3-71 that deal with specialized areas of carbohydrate terminology; however, these documents can be consulted for further examples. of relevance to the field, though not incorporated into the present document, are the following recommendations:

• Nomenclature of cyclitols, 1973 [8]

• Numbering of atoms in myo-inositol, 1988 [9]

• Symbols for specifying the conformation of polysaccharide chains, 1981 [10]

• Nomenclature of glycoproteins, glycopeptides and peptidoglycans, 1985 [11]

• Nomenclature of glycolipids, in preparation [12]

The present Recommendations deal with the acyclic and cyclic forms of monosaccharides and their simple derivatives, as well as with the nomenclature of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. They are additional to the Definitive Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry [13,14] and are intended to govern those aspects of the nomenclature of carbohydrates not covered by those rules.     

Carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum

It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum L. — a promising fodder plant — include water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, protopectin, hemicelluloses, a glucomannan, and cellulose. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The protopectins of the leaves and stems ofSymphytum asperum L. have been characterized. Their macromolecules are based on a fragment constructed of D-galacturonic acid residues linked by -glycosidic bonds.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1984.     

Structure of the xylan of the stems ofBrassica napus

The results are given of an investigation of the polysaccharide complex of the stems of winter rape. The complex was isolated by the alkaline extraction of the stems and contained 79.80% of polysaccharide, 2.4% of ash substances, and 8.75% of “crude” protein. The carbohydrate fraction consisted of a glucuronoxylan. Under the conditions of gel filtration and electrophoresis the complex was not separated into carbohydrate and protein components. When the xylan was subjected to partial hydrolysis, a number of neutral and acidic oligomers were found. The characteristic of the neutral oligomers are given. M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–614, September–October, 1980.     

Derivatization Reaction of Carbohydrates with Urea as the Reagent and Fluorimetric Determination of Carbohydrates

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅｓｐｌａｙａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅａｎｄａｌｍｏｓｔａｌｌｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｃｅｎｔｒａｌｔｏｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｔｏｒａｇｅｏｆｅｎｅｒｇｙｂｕｔａｌｓｏｕｓｅｆｕｌｉｎｔｈｅｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓｏｆｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｄｊｕｓｔｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ .Ｓｏｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇｈｉｇｈｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅａｎｄｅｆｆ…     

氟代糖的合成

本文综述了氟代糖合成的新进展及利用选择性氟化合成具有生物活性的物质。     

Carbohydrates of Malva neglecta

Pyatigorsk Pharmaceutical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 280–281, March–April, 1989.     

Raman Spectra of Carbohydrates

The Raman spectra of 13 different carbohydrates are investigated by a laser Raman spectrometer. It is found the C—H stretching vibrations around 3000 cm⁻¹ is the best region for qualitative analysis of these compounds. All compounds show an O—H stretching vibration around 3370 cm⁻¹ which was not mentioned by earlier works. Excessive background noise appears in many spectra, probably due to their amorphous stuctures.