胺、醇和醚类化合物电离能的估算

脂肪族胺、醇、醚、硫醇和硫醚的第一电离能Ip与N、O、S原子的电负性X~Z^O、分子中N、O、S原子的部分电荷q~z以及烷基的极化效应指数PEI的关系可以表示为:Ip(eV)=4.4851+3.0727X~Z~O+7.1702q~z-1.3949∑PEI上式较好地表达了脂肪族胺、醇、醚、硫醇和硫醚的第一电离能变化的共同规律。     

胺、醇、醚类化合物电离能的自相关拓扑研究

原子的染色序数 fi 定义为 :fi=gi·xi,式中 gi 为原子i在分子中的序数 ,xi 为其染色系数 .基于fi 建立改进的原子序数自相关拓扑指数mF ,其中的1F对烷烃及其衍生物具有良好的结构选择性 .使用第一电离能 (Ip)与0 F ,1F的数量关系模型对 32种脂肪族胺、醇、醚进行估算、预测 ,结果令人满意     

诱导效应指数与脂肪族胺、醇和醚的气相碱性

用烷基诱导效应指数I和RX分子中质子亲合原子X所带电荷qx及元素电负性XN与 脂肪胺，醇、醚的气相质子亲合PA进行关联，结果表明，脂肪胺，醇、醚的气相碱 性可以用下式定量描述：PA(kJ.mol^-1)-2732.0333-2457.1510∑I-1492.2351qx- 732.6277XN利用上式对64种化合物的气相碱性进行预测，平均相对误差为0．34％ ，预测值和实验值的偏差均在实验误差范围内。     

脂肪族胺、醇、醚气相碱性的模型研究

以烷基极化效应指数(PEI)和分子中亲合原子的平衡电负性(XE)及亲合原子的Pauling电负性(X)为基本参数,研究了脂肪族胺、醇、醚的气相碱性(PA)的共同变化规律。结果表明,脂肪族胺、醇、醚的气相碱性可用下列通式来定量描述：PA(KJ/mol)=2468.6730+557.3172∑PEI-551.4261XE-1230.5770(∑PEI/XE)-111.5537X用上式预测了64种化合物的气相碱性,平均绝对相对误差仅为0.34%,预测值与文献值的偏差完全落在实验误差的范围内。     

金属锡和三甲基氯硅烷存在下芳香醛、酮与醇的还原-偶联-醚化 反应

在三甲基氯硅烷(TMSCl)、四氢呋喃(THF)体系中,芳香醛、酮和醇在金属锡的作用下发生还原-偶联-醚化反应生成相应的频那醇二醚类化合物。文中对此反应的应用范围进行了探讨,并提出了合理的反应机理。     

血卟啉醚类化合物的裂解反应及乙烯基烷氧乙基 次卟啉类化合物的合成

本文考察了3,8-二溴乙基次卟啉Ⅸ与醇(酚)、水的反应产物及血卟啉单、双醚的合成方法,研究了血卟啉醚类的裂解反应,合成了一系列乙烯基烷氧乙基次卟啉类化合物。     

N-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-N'-磷酰基脲类衍生物的合成及生物活性

利用二氯代磷酰基异氰酸酯与4,6-二甲氧基-2-氨基嘧啶的加成反应合成了中间体N-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-N'-二氯代磷酰基脲(Ⅰ).Ⅰ与2倍的醇或胺反应得到对称双取代磷酰基脲类化合物Ⅱa_Ⅱi;Ⅰ与1倍的胺反应得到氯代磷酰基脲类化合物Ⅲa_Ⅲe,再与1倍的醇反应则得到不对称双取代磷酰基脲类化合物Ⅳa_Ⅳg.生物活性测定结果表明,化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ均显示一定除草活性.     

Cu(0)/Selectfluor体系催化的邻芳基磺酰亚胺的串联环化/芳构化反应：一种简便合成6H-菲啶的方法（英文）

发展了Cu(0)/Selectfluor体系催化的邻芳基磺酰亚胺的串联环化/芳构化反应,于温和的反应条件下以中等到良好的产率简便、高效地构建了一系列6H-菲啶类化合物.机理研究表明,反应的关键步骤经历了由Cu(0)/Selectfluor体系现场原位产生XCuOH (X=F, BF4)物种,进而诱导对C=N键的羟铜化反应和分子内C—H键胺化反应,从而合成了6H-菲啶类化合物.     

几类醚化物的水溶性、碱水溶解性和酸解活性

本文对几类典型醚类化合物的水溶性、碱水(5%的Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O)溶解性和酸解活性进行了初步研究,查阅了这些醚类化合物的水溶性,并测定了其碱水溶解性、临界碱水不可溶醚当量以及在微量酸存在条件下的酸解活性,研究结果表明,对一般醚类化合物而言,当醚键中不含p-π共轭时其临界水不溶醚当量为116,临界碱水不溶醚当量为102;当醚键中含p-π共轭时其临界水不溶醚当量在56-100之间,临界碱水不溶醚当量在56-72之间,这些数据对光/热成像用活性醚化物阻溶/促溶剂的分子设计以及碱显影成像制版具有重大的指导意义。     

卟啉类化合物液相基体激光解吸质谱研究

本文叙述了使用液相基体帮助激光解吸质谱新方法对一系列卟啉类化合物分析研究工作。分别使用硝基苯辛醚和15-冠(醚)-5两种液相基体获得了一系列卟啉类化合物的激光解吸质谱,并对其特点进行了讨论所用方法绝对灵敏度优于0.5 ng。此外,还成功地对多至六个组分的卟啉类化合物进行直接解吸质谱分析。结果表明新的液相基体帮助激光解吸质谱法对卟啉类化合物分析有十分优异的“软”电离特性。     

How to insulate a reactive site from a perfluoroalkyl group: photoelectron spectroscopy, calorimetric, and computational studies of long-range electronic effects in fluorous phosphines P((CH(2))(m)(CF(2))(7)CF(3))(3)

This study advances strategy and design in catalysts and reagents for fluorous and supercritical CO(2) chemistry by defining the structural requirements for insulating a typical active site from a perfluoroalkyl segment. The vertical ionization potentials of the phosphines P((CH(2))(m)R(f8))(3) (m = 2 (2) to 5 (5)) are measured by photoelectron spectroscopy, and the enthalpies of protonation by calorimetry (CF(3)SO(3)H, CF(3)C(6)H(5)). They undergo progressively more facile (energetically) ionization and protonation (P(CH(2)CH(3))(3) > 5 > 4 approximately equal to P(CH(3))(3) > 3 > 2), as expected from inductive effects. Equilibrations of trans-Rh(CO)(Cl)(L)(2) complexes (L = 2, 3) establish analogous Lewis basicities. Density functional theory is used to calculate the structures, energies, ionization potentials, and gas-phase proton affinities (PA) of the model phosphines P((CH(2))(m)()CF(3))(3) (2'-9'). The ionization potentials of 2'-5' are in good agreement with those of 2-5, and together with PA values and analyses of homodesmotic relationships are used to address the title question. Between 8 and 10 methylene groups are needed to effectively insulate a perfluoroalkyl segment from a phosphorus lone pair, depending upon the criterion employed. Computations also show that the first carbon of a perfluoroalkyl segment exhibits a much greater inductive effect than the second, and that ionization potentials of nonfluorinated phosphines P((CH(2))(m)CH(3))(3) reach a limit at approximately nine carbons (m = 8).     

Inductive effects on molecular ionization potentials—X: Alkyl and hydrogen halides

The ionization potentials of alkyl and hydrogen halides are found to be excellent linear fractions of the polar and inductive substituent constants, indicating that the effect of alkyl substituents on the electron density of the halogen atoms is inductive. The slopes of the four regression lines vary widely in the order RF ? RCl > RBr > RI, which shows that the susceptibility of the halogen atoms to inductive effects varies in the same order. Values of σ_I and σ^* for alkyl groups not previously available are estimated.     

Effect of substituents on the first ionization potentials of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. The {ie2532-1} resonance parameters of Si-, Ge-, Sn-, and Pb-containing fragmentsresonance parameters of Si-, Ge-, Sn-, and Pb-containing fragments

The first vertical ionization potentials (IP) of monosubstituted benzenes, hexafluorobenzenes, naphthalenes, anthracenes, furans, thiophenes, and selenophenes and the secondIP of monosubstituted tellurophenes are related to the inductive, resonance, and polarization parameters of substituents by dependences of the type {ie2532-2}. The contribution of polarizability effect, {ie2532-3}, to theIP value is determined by the degree of delocalization of the positive charge in radical cations formed upon photoionization of the compounds studied. The {ie2532-4} resonance parameters of nineteen Si-, Ge-, Sn-, and Pb-containing substitutents in naphthalene, furan, and thiophene series were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2434–2438, December, 1998.     

Ab initio study of the structure, bonding, vibrational spectra, and energetics of XBS+ (where X=H, F, and Cl)

High level ab initio electronic structure calculations at the CCSD(T) level with augmented correlation-consistent basis set extrapolated to complete basis set limit have been performed on XBS and XBS+ for X=H, F, and Cl. The geometries have been optimized up through the aug-cc-pV5Z level and the vibrational frequencies have been calculated with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets. Analysis of the bonding in XBS and XBS+ using natural bond orbital analysis shows that the BS bond in XBS is a triple bond, while in XBS+ it is a double bond. The energetic properties of XBS cation and its first excited state are reported. The calculated adiabatic ionization potential is 11.11+/-0.01 eV as compared to the experimental value of 11.11+/-0.03 eV for HBS. The adiabatic ionization potentials for FBS and CIBS are 10.89+/-0.01 and 10.57+/-0.01 eV, respectively.     

Substituent Effects in P- and As-centered Radical Cations

The first vertical ionization potentials of isostructural P(III) and As(III) compounds EX₃ (E = P, As) whose highest occupied molecular orbital is preferentially localized on the lone electron pairs of atom E depend on the inductive, resonance, and polarization effects of substituents X. Hyperconjugation in fragments like As^{+ ·}-C-H is the only resonance effect in radical cations As^{+ ·}X₃. The same effect in similar P-centered radical cations is weaker.     

A HeI photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study of 2,6-dichloropyrazine, 2,3-dichloropyrazine, 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 3,6-dichloropyridazine

The electronic structures of C₄H₂Cl₂N₂ isomers have been studied by HeI photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) combined with the outer valence Green’s function (OVGF) calculations at 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. The vertical first ionization potentials for 2,6-dichloropyrazine, 2,3-dichloropyrazine, 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 3,6-dichloropyridazine are determined to be 9.93, 9.89, 10.45 and 10.07 eV, respectively, and the PE spectra were assigned based on molecular orbital analysis and by comparison with related compounds. The effects of chlorine substituent and different positions of nitrogen atoms in these C₄H₂Cl₂N₂ isomers have been carefully analyzed by comparing the C₄H₂Cl₂N₂ isomers with their matrixes (pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine). The inductive effect of chlorine substituent leads to the stabilization of the nitrogen lone pair orbitals. The resonance effect predominates over the inductive effect, and the consequence is the destabilization of the π orbitals. Owing to the different positions, the effects of nitrogen atoms are different and lead to the different sequence of π orbitals.     

Ionization energies of hypervalent Li2F,Li2Cl and Na2Cl molecules obtained by surface ionization electron impact neutralization mass spectrometry

Ionization energies of hypervalent Li(2)F, Li(2)Cl and Na(2)Cl molecules detected by surface ionization electron impact neutralization mass spectrometry are reported. The ionization energies were 3.78 +/- 0.2 eV for Li(2)F, 4.93 +/- 0.2 eV for Li(2)Cl, and 4.21 +/- 0.2 eV for Na(2)Cl. The ionization energies (IE) agree with theoretical ionization energies calculated by ab initio methods, supporting the theoretical prediction that Li(2)F has a hyperlithiated configuration in which the odd electron delocalizes over the two lithiums and with photoionization measurement. The first ionization energy of Na(2)Cl was experimentally confirmed earlier and for Li(2)Cl as well.8 We have developed and used this new approach for the problem--in the present work ions were first formed by surface ionization, followed by electron attachment (neutralization).     

Electrochemistry and photoelectron spectroscopy of oxomolybdenum(V) complexes with phenoxide ligands: effect of para substituents on redox potentials,heterogeneous electron transfer rates,and ionization energies

Complexes of the form (Tp*)MoOCl(p-OC(6)H(4)X) and (Tp*)MoO(p-OC(6)H(4)X)(2) (Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate and X = OEt, OMe, Et, Me, H, F, Cl, Br, I, and CN) were examined by electrochemical techniques and gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the effect of the remote substituent (X) on electron-transfer reactions at the oxomolybdenum core. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that all of these neutral Mo(V) compounds undergo a quasireversible one-electron oxidation (Mo(VI)/Mo(V)) and a quasireversible one-electron reduction (Mo(V)/Mo(IV)) at potentials that linearly depend on the electronic influence (Hammett sigma(p) parameter) of X. The first ionization energies for (Tp*)MoO(p-OC(6)H(4)X)(2) (X = OEt, OMe, H, F, and CN) were determined by photoelectron spectroscopy. A nearly linear correlation was found for the Mo(VI)/Mo(V) oxidation potentials in solution and the gas-phase ionization energies. Calculated heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants show a slight systematic dependence on the substituent.     

Photoelectron Spectra of Azabenzenes and Azanaphthalenes: III. The orbital sequence in methyl- and trimethylsilyl-substituted pyridines

The ionization potentials of methyl-, t-butyl- and trimethylsilyl-substituted pyridines have been determined by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. The results are discussed in terms of destabilizing inductive and stabilizing conjugative effects of the substituents, and have been parametrized on the basis of a HMO-type perturbation treatment. Our data are in accord with the idea that the topmost occupied orbital in pyridine is a ‘lone pair’ orbital.     

Atomiclike ionization and fragmentation of a series of CH3-X (X: H, F, Cl, Br, I, and CN) by an intense femtosecond laser

Methane derivatives of CH(3)-X (X: H, F, Cl, Br, I, and CN) were ionized and fragmented by an intense femtosecond laser with a 40 fs pulse at 0.8 microm in intensities of 10(13)-10(15) W cm(-2). The curves of the ionization yields of CH(3)-X versus laser intensities have been found to be fitted with an atomic ionization theory (the theory of Perelomov, Popov, and Terent'ev) that has been established to reproduce experimental results well for rare gas atoms. The saturation intensities have been reproduced within a factor of 1.6 of the calculated ones. For molecules with low ionization potentials such as amines, another atomic ionization theory (the theory of Ammosov, Delone, and Krainov) reproduced the saturation intensities. The atomiclike ionization behavior of molecules indicates that the fragmentation occurs after the ionization. The fragmentation mechanisms after the ionization of some molecular ions are discussed.