端弯矩与端部约束对钢柱抗火性能的影响

基于有限元方法模拟约束钢柱在火荷载作用下的抗火行为,分析轴向约束刚度、转动约束刚度、同向曲率的端弯矩作用对其抗火性能的影响,探讨轴向约束刚度、转动约束刚度与临界温度之间的关系。通过对约束钢柱火灾下的受力及变形性能较为全面地进行参数分析,得出:轴向约束刚度比增大,钢柱临界温度降低;转动约束刚度比增大,临界温度升高;在轴向约束条件下,截面温度分布均匀时端弯矩作用使钢柱临界温度显著降低;截面温差为200℃时,端弯矩作用的不利影响更加明显,端弯矩作用越大,受约束钢柱抗火性能越低;具有转动约束的钢柱,约束作用较小时,端弯矩作用会对其抗火性能产生不利影响,约束作用较大时,端弯矩作用对其抗火性能影响较小;截面温差为200℃时,端弯矩作用下的转动约束钢柱临界温度值几乎与轴向荷载作用下相同。另外,划分了"安全区"和"非安全区"两个区域,在抗火设计中保证钢柱的温度在安全区范围内,钢柱的抗火能力即可满足要求;端弯矩作用对约束钢柱抗火性能具有不利影响,会使安全区范围缩小。     

火灾情况下混凝土板温度场的解析解

针对火灾情况下火场温度和构件边界的温度均随时间不断变化的问题,应用杜哈美尔定理分析了边界温度按一定规律随时间变化的热传导问题。推导得到了火灾情况下混凝土板温度场的解析解公式,并应用 MATLAB 编程计算得到了解析解结果。比较解析解的计算结果和试验结果发现：两者得到的截面温度场都呈非线性分布;两者的变化趋势一致,即近火面的温度梯度很大,距受火面越远,温度梯度越小;温度曲线都是凸向坐标轴。因此,推导得到的解析解公式适合于求解火灾时混凝土板横截面的温度场。同时,只要能够求出非齐次项与时间无关时的辅助问题的解,便可应用杜哈美尔定理求解该热传导问题的温度场,因此该方法可推广应用于火灾情况下其它构件温度场解析解的计算。     

火灾情况下混凝土板温度场的解析解

针对火灾情况下火场温度和构件边界的温度均随时间不断变化的问题,应用杜哈美尔定理分析了边界温度按一定规律随时间变化的热传导问题。推导得到了火灾情况下混凝土板温度场的解析解公式,并应用MATLAB编程计算得到了解析解结果。比较解析解的计算结果和试验结果发现:两者得到的截面温度场都呈非线性分布;两者的变化趋势一致,即近火面的温度梯度很大,距受火面越远,温度梯度越小;温度曲线都是凸向坐标轴。因此,推导得到的解析解公式适合于求解火灾时混凝土板横截面的温度场。同时,只要能够求出非齐次项与时间无关时的辅助问题的解,便可应用杜哈美尔定理求解该热传导问题的温度场,因此该方法可推广应用于火灾情况下其它构件温度场解析解的计算。     

轴心受压H型截面钢柱火灾行为的试验研究

本文对4根H型截面钢柱进行了火灾行为的试验研究。全部火灾试验采用自行研制的火灾试验炉,试验结果表明炉子性能稳定,使用方便。试验采用足尺试验形式,柱长3300mm。钢柱轴心受压,其中两个限制轴向变形,另两个不限制轴向变形。柱两端采用单向刀口支座,允许钢柱绕强轴转动。钢柱试验中考虑荷载大小和是否限制轴向变形两个因素。通过试验,得出了钢柱在火灾下的侧向变形和轴向变形随温度变化情况。试验证明:钢柱受火时,轴向变形明显的分为膨胀阶段和压缩阶段。压缩阶段很短,一旦进入压缩阶段,钢柱很快破坏。钢柱受到的外加荷载越大,其极限温度越低。限制轴向变形的钢柱极限温度降低。试验研究为今后钢结构火灾行为研究提供了依据。     

含裂纹薄壁圆柱壳弹塑性失稳极限荷载的解析解

为了得到含环向裂纹压弯薄壁圆柱壳失稳的极限荷载,基于Je?ek解析法,先利用裂纹面的平衡方程、变形几何关系和物理方程,得到在压弯荷载作用下圆柱壳轴力与裂纹面挠度的关系式;再利用极值条件,推导出在轴压和弯矩共同作用下含裂纹薄壁圆柱壳失稳时极限荷载的解析表达式。利用数值计算分析裂纹长度、长细比以及端部施加弯矩对圆柱壳极限荷载、弹性区高度和圆柱壳裂纹截面处挠度的影响,通过有限元数值结果验证极限荷载解析解的准确性。计算结果表明:与无裂纹完善构件相比,弯矩对含裂纹圆柱壳的极限荷载Pu的影响最为显著,其降低幅值可达3.78%～23.18%;弯矩的增加也会导致构件弹性区高度逐渐减小,裂纹面处的挠度呈非线性增长。本文研究弥补了目前该类问题缺乏理论解析解的不足。     

火灾下钢筋混凝土板的热弹塑性有限元分析——基于S-R分解原理(Ⅱ:算例分析)

采用基于S-R分解原理的更新拖带坐标有限元法,对火灾下钢筋混凝土板进行了数值模拟.并以标准升温为条件,探讨了不同的钢筋保护层厚度、钢筋及混凝土强度等级、荷载水平、板厚等因素,对钢筋混凝土简支板抗火性能的影响.计算结果表明,构件变形主要是由非线性温度场引起的热变形.为采取一些简单的设计思想来完善钢筋混凝土构件抗火性能提出了建议.     

高温下受压钢构件考虑屈曲的有限元本构模型

为计算大空间钢结构高温下的力学性能, 需考虑受压钢构件屈曲. 将钢构件屈
曲特性反映在材料的本构模型中, 进行高温下大空间钢结构有限元计算. 通过研究轴心
受压钢构件在不同温度下的弯曲变形, 推导出考虑长细比、初始缺陷、临界力等因素的
受压钢构件名义轴向刚度; 通过能量等效, 用等效刚度代替名义轴向刚度, 得到高温下
受压钢构件考虑屈曲的钢材两折线应力--应变本构模型, 数值计算验证了模型的正确性.     

阶梯型截面Timoshenko梁边界支承的线性静力识别方法

研究了阶梯型截面Timoshenko梁边界支承刚度的挠度识别法和挠度-应变识别方法.利用Heaviside函数,得到了任意载荷作用下阶梯型截面Timoshenko梁弯曲变形的解析通解,并利用解析通解中的待定常数给出了梁边界支承刚度的表达式.基于阶梯型截面Timoshenko梁挠度和梁表面轴向应变的测量值,利用最小二乘法,得到确定弯曲通解中待定常数的线性代数方程组,进而分别建立了挠度识别法和挠度-应变识别方法,分析了测量点数目和位置以及梁变截面位置等对两种识别方法误差敏感度的影响,给出了挠度或轴向应变的最佳测量方案.通过数值试验,考察了两种识别方法的可靠性和适用性,结果表明:挠度-应变识别方法对系统测量误差具有较好的鲁棒性,适用于实际工程中梁构件边界支承刚度的识别.     

开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转1）

为了分析开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转问题,采用统一分析梁模型与有限节线法,对T形和L形厚壁截面短构件约束扭转时横截面的翘曲和应力分布情况等问题进行了分析研究.算例计算结果表明：开口厚壁截面短构件存在与其横截面形心位置不一致的扭转（弯曲）中心,构件在不过扭转中心的外力作用下会产生弯扭耦合变形,其横截面将产生不均匀翘曲,横截面上的翘曲正应力和扭转剪应力均呈非线性分布.     

受火浅圆钢拱平面内跳跃失稳与弯曲行为分析

通过ABAQUS有限元数值模拟分析,考察了受火作用浅拱结构平面内的跳跃稳定和弯曲行为。针对温度与集中载荷共同作用的圆钢拱,进行了详细的参数研究,包括载荷比、端部约束刚度、结构几何等对结构行为的影响,讨论了材料塑性效应和热膨胀效应;并根据火灾下截面弯矩与轴力共同作用的广义屈服函数和跳跃失稳的定义判定浅拱的失效模式,对比了不同加载方式对结构临界温度的影响。研究结果表明:在静力载荷和火灾作用下,浅圆钢拱存在两种失效模式,即弯曲失效和跳跃失稳;载荷比由0.2增大到0.9时,结构的临界温度逐渐减小;当载荷比接近1时,微小的载荷增大,临界温度会发生急剧变化,即载荷比越大,钢拱的临界温度越低,抗火能力越弱;对于不同的约束情况,固支拱的抗火能力最强,铰支拱的抗火能力最弱;临界温度随结构几何参数单调变化;另外,静载荷与温度的加载顺序也会对结构的失效行为产生影响。     

Postbuckling analysis of axially loaded functionally graded cylindrical panels in thermal environments

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a functionally graded cylindrical panel of finite length subjected to axial compression in thermal environments. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations of a functionally graded cylindrical panel are based on Reddy’s higher order shear deformation shell theory with a von Kármán–Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity and including thermal effects. Two cases of the in-plane boundary conditions are considered. The nonlinear prebuckling deformations and initial geometric imperfections of the panel are both taken into account. A boundary layer theory of shell buckling, which includes the effects of nonlinear prebuckling deformations, large deflections in the postbuckling range, and initial geometric imperfections of the shell, is extended to the case of functionally graded cylindrical panels under axial compression. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling behavior of axially loaded, perfect and imperfect, functional graded cylindrical panels with two constituent materials and under different sets of thermal environments. The influences played by temperature rise, volume fraction distributions, the character of in-plane boundary conditions, transverse shear deformation, panel geometric parameters, as well as initial geometric imperfections are studied.     

高温影响的钢管混凝土柱抗爆性能研究

火灾与爆炸通常相伴发生,对工程结构安全造成了严重威胁。为研究高温下钢管混凝土柱抗爆性能,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了ISO 834标准火灾作用下钢管混凝土柱抗爆模型。在验证有限元模型可靠性基础上,首先分析了标准火灾作用下钢管混凝土柱抗爆工作机理;其次重点研究了受火时间、材料强度、含钢率以及爆炸当量对构件在标准火灾下抗爆性能的影响。研究结果表明:火灾作用下两端固结的钢管混凝土柱受爆炸荷载时,柱两端首先发生剪切破坏,随后整体发生受弯破坏;随着受火时间增加,钢管耗能占比降低,混凝土塑性变形逐渐成为主要耗能机制;混凝土强度、爆炸当量与轴压比对钢管混凝土柱高温下抗爆性能影响明显,当混凝土立方体抗压强度从30 MPa增加到50 MPa,常温与受火90 min构件抗爆性能分别提高约21%与42%。     

火灾下圆钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元分析

首先提出合理的火灾下钢管混凝土拉、压材料数值热-力耦合本构模型及相应的计算方法;然后基于连续介质力学,推导火灾下U.L.列式虚功增量方程,采用非线性梁单元理论,给出火灾下钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元方程组的求解方法,编制非线性有限元程序NACFSTLF;最后对已有火灾下钢管混凝土柱的试验资料进行双重非线性有限元分析并考察钢管混凝土柱初始缺陷对其抗火性能的影响。分析结果表明:火灾下钢管混凝土柱的轴向变形-火灾时间曲线的计算结果基本上反映钢管混凝土柱的变形特性,而计算的耐火极限基本上是试验结果的上限;同时随着火灾下柱初始缺陷的增大,相同火灾时间下柱的跨中侧向挠度变形逐渐增大,耐火极限逐渐降低,而对柱的轴向变形影响相对较小。     

THERMAL POST-BUCKLING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL TIMOSHENKO BEAMS

Analysis of thermal post-buckling of FGM (Functionally Graded Material) Timoshenko beams subjected to transversely non-uniform temperature rise is presented. By accurately considering the axial extension and transverse shear deformation in the sense of theory of Timoshenko beam, geometrical nonlinear governing equations including seven basic unknown functions for functionally graded beams subjected to mechanical and thermal loads were formulated. In the analysis, it was assumed that the material properties of the beam vary continuously as a power function of the thickness coordinate. By using a shooting method, the obtained nonlinear boundary value problem was numerically solved and thermal buckling and post-buckling response of transversely non-uniformly heated FGM Timoshenko beams with fixed-fixed edges were obtained. Characteristic curves of the buckling deformation of the beam varying with thermal load and the power law index are plotted. The effects of material gradient property on the buckling deformation and critical temperature of beam were discussed in details. The results show that there exists the tension-bend coupling deformation in the uniformly heated beam because of the transversely non-uniform characteristic of materials.     

The thermal effect on axially compressed buckling of a double-walled carbon nanotube

The thermal effect on axially compressed buckling of a double-walled carbon nanotube is studied in this paper. The effects of temperature change, surrounding elastic medium and van der Waals forces between the inner and outer nanotubes are taken into account. Using continuum mechanics, an elastic double-shell model with thermal effect is presented for axially compressed buckling of a double-walled carbon nanotube embedded in an elastic matrix under thermal environment. Based on the model, an explicit formula for the critical axial stress is derived in terms of the buckling modes of the shell and the parameters that indicate the effects of temperature change, surrounding elastic medium and the van der Waals forces. Based on that, some simplified analysis is carried out to estimate the critical axial stress for axially compressed buckling of the double-walled carbon nanotube. Numerical results for the general case are obtained for the thermal effect on axially compressed buckling of a double-walled carbon nanotube. It is shown that the axial buckling load of double-walled carbon nanotube under thermal loads is dependent on the wave number of axially buckling modes. And a conclusion is drawn that at low and room temperature the critical axial stress for infinitesimal buckling of a double-walled carbon nanotube increase as the value of temperature change increases, while at high temperature the critical axial stress for infinitesimal buckling of a double-walled carbon nanotube decrease as the value of temperature change increases.     

Kármán-type equations for a higher-order shear deformation plate theory and its use in the thermal postbuckling analysis

Kármán-type nonlinear large deflection equations are derived occnrding to the Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation plate theory and used in the thermal postbuckling analysis The effects of initial geometric imperfections of the plate areincluded in the present study which also includes th thermal effects.Simply supported,symmetric cross-ply laminated plates subjected to uniform or nomuniform parabolictemperature distribution are considered. The analysis uses a mixed GalerkinGolerkinperlurbation technique to determine thermal buckling louds and postbucklingequilibrium paths.The effects played by transverse shear deformation plate aspeclraio, total number of plies thermal load ratio and initial geometric imperfections arealso studied.     

Postbuckling of FGM cylindrical shells under combined axial and radial mechanical loads in thermal environments

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a shear deformable functionally graded cylindrical shell of finite length subjected to combined axial and radial loads in thermal environments. Heat conduction and temperature-dependent material properties are both taken into account. The temperature field considered is assumed to be a uniform distribution over the shell surface and varied in the thickness direction only. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The formulations are based on a higher order shear deformation shell theory with von Kármán–Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity. A boundary layer theory of shell buckling, which includes the effects of nonlinear prebuckling deformations, large deflections in the postbuckling range, and initial geometric imperfections of the shell, is extended to the case of functionally graded cylindrical shells. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the interactive buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling response of perfect and imperfect cylindrical shells with two constituent materials subjected to combined axial and radial mechanical loads and under different sets of thermal environments. The results reveal that the temperature field and volume fraction distribution have a significant effect on the postbuckling behavior, but they have a small effect on the imperfection sensitivity of the functionally graded shell.     

受均布载荷压杆后屈曲形态的数值计算

对受均布载荷压杆的屈曲及后屈曲行为进行了分析.基于杆的大变形理论,考虑杆的轴向伸长,建立了受均布载荷作用下细长压杆的几何非线性平衡方程.采用打靶法和解析延拓法数值求解非线性两点边值问题,得到了杆的后屈曲平衡路径和平衡构形.