BL43IR at SPring-8 redirected

BL43IR at SPring-8 is overviewed regarding the beamline properties on the flux, the brilliance and the noise in comparison with the conventional thermal radiation (TR). The flux is comparable to the TR, and what makes the most of BL43IR is to utilize the high brilliance. We redirect our strategy to concentrate on the microscopes with highly brilliant infrared radiation from SPring-8 and attract the vast TR spectroscopy community.     

Broad band infrared near-field spectroscopy at finger print region using SPring-8

The authors report infrared near-field spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation at BL43IR, SPring-8 in the finger print region. At the microspectroscopy station, the infrared synchrotron radiation beam is focused on a cantilever probe with a 3 μm square aperture. A comb-shaped Au electrode with the width of 3 μm and the distance of 3 μm is used for the reflection measurement. The Au electrodes can be resolved at 650 cm⁻¹ and the resolution is estimated to be λ/5.     

Status of pump-probe time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy at SPring-8

The present status and the recent progress of pump-probe time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy at SPring-8 are introduced. Combining the variety of bunch operation modes available at the SPring-8 storage ring with ultra-short excitation sources including pulsed magnetic fields, electric fields and lasers, the element-specific time evolution of materials in response to the excitation can be observed with spatial and temporal resolutions of (50–300) nm and (40–100) ps, respectively, with repetition frequencies of up to 42 MHz. By using the magnetic circular dichroism effect, the domain motion of sub-micron sized magnetic areas can be observed. The time evolution of electronic structures in local areas can also be studied. The experimental setups and representative activities are described.     

Performance of the infrared microspectroscopy station at SSRF

At the third generation synchrotron light source Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), the first infrared beamline BL01B has been successfully constructed. The infrared beamline collects both bending magnet and edge radiation. A brief introduction of the infrared beamline design has been given in this article. The infrared microspectroscopy station is equipped with a Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer and a Nicolet Continuum Microscope. The flux at the entrance of the FTIR spectrometer, the intensity profile, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) with different apertures, and the focused spot size of the infrared microspectroscopy station have been measured. The performances with synchrotron radiation infrared source and internal globar source have been compared. The results indicate that the infrared microspectroscopy station at SSRF has the ability of analysis samples in a small area with diffraction limited spatial resolution.     

Infrared facility at the Canadian light source

The Canadian Light Source (CLS) is constructing two beamlines for Infrared Spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation (IRSR). One will supply mid-Infrared (2–25 μ) light to a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and microscope for biological applications. The second will have a high resolution FTIR spectrometer for gas-phase and surface spectroscopy in the far-Infrared (beyond 25 μ). The Infrared beamlines will use dipole bending magnet radiation from a special bend magnet port design which provides a 50 mrad square acceptance. Issues with the first mirror and photon mask design, as well as the beamline layout and features are discussed.     

Large-Field X-ray Imaging at SPring-8 BL20B2

The medium-length (215 m) bending-magnet beamline 20B2 is allocated to medical applications and various X-ray micro imaging techniques (e.g., angiography, computed tomography, phase contrast imaging and diffraction topography) [1 S. Goto, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 467–468, 682–685 (2001).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. The unique properties of BL20B2 are high spatial coherence (large coherent length) and its wide beam cross-section, which come from its long beam transport path and bending magnet light source. The horizontal angular aperture of BL20B2 is 1.5 mrad, as in all bending magnet beamlines at SPring-8. The horizontal beam width at the end station is larger than 300 mm for a 215 m beamline length.     

红外光谱在微藻领域的应用研究进展

微藻富含类胡萝卜素、维生素、蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸等多种人体和动物所必需的营养成分，同时在水生态系统的维持和保护中也扮演着重要的角色，因此开展微藻生物学的研究具有十分重要的实际应用价值。传统的微藻成分的检测分析需要经过微藻细胞研磨破碎、有机溶剂分离提取、液(气)相检测等一系列的繁琐的操作步骤，有费时、需要高昂的仪器设备、操作过程复杂等缺点，因此需要发展更加快速高效的微藻细胞组分检测分析技术。红外光谱作为一种高效的物质检测和分析手段可以实现对微藻样品中的蛋白、脂类、核酸、多糖、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等多种成分同时分析，具有简单、快速和无损检测等优势，特别是结合显微镜技术的红外光谱成像可以在微空间尺度上研究单一细胞或组织中各组分的变化。近年来，尤其是随着同步辐射技术的迅速发展，为红外光谱仪器提供质量更好、能量更高的同步辐射光源，使得红外光谱显微光谱及成像检测技术具有更高的灵敏度和空间分辨率，实现了能够在细胞和亚细胞尺度上对个体进行高空间分辨的原位观测，这在一定程度上解决了许多常规的检测分析技术不能同时兼顾高通量测量和高空间分辨率观察之间的矛盾。首先介绍了红外光谱技术的原理及其特点并分析了显微红外光谱及成像技术在生物样品检测中的独特优势，特别介绍红外光谱结合化学计量学的分析方法在生物学研究领域的应用。接下来综述了此项技术在分类鉴定、生长代谢监测、育种、水环境、食品医药等与微藻相关领域国内外的应用研究进展。比如，结合化学计量学方法红外光谱能够进行微藻的快速鉴定、判别和分类。利用红外光谱多组分快速检测的优势，可以实现微藻生长代谢的研究。基于红外光谱无损、高效检测的特点，可以实现油脂、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素等高产藻株的快速筛选。另外，微藻还可以有效地吸附废水中的重金属和有机活性染料，利用红外光谱可以对其吸附和降解环境污染物的机理进行研究。红外光谱还能够快速高效地实现微藻成分的分析和鉴定，因而可以用于微藻食品药品质量的检测和真伪的鉴定。然而，红外光谱在微藻的研究和应用方面还处于发展阶段，尚存在着一定的缺点和不足，对此进行了讨论和分析并提供了相应的解决方案。最后，对红外光谱在微藻的规模化养殖、高产藻株的筛选、微藻的生理、细胞器的结构和功能的研究等领域进行了展望。     

High-resolution far-infrared spectroscopy at NSLS beamline U12IR

A Bruker model IFS 125HR Fourier transform interferometer has been installed and its performance tested using high-brightness, far-infrared synchrotron radiation. Results of absorption measurements for the rotational modes of water vapor demonstrate a nearly 10-fold improvement in signal-to-noise when compared with the instrument’s internal high-pressure Hg arc lamp source.     

Bunch compression at the SPring-8 linac and successive generation of THz pulse train in the isochronous ring

We have demonstrated the idea of circulating a short, intense linac bunch for some tens of turns in an isochronous ring. We compressed a bunch from the SPring-8 linac to a few picoseconds rms by means of an energy compression system and a beam transport line from the linac to NewSUBARU. The NewSUBARU storage ring was set to a quasi-isochronous condition and the bunch circulated for about 50 turns after injection while maintaining the short bunch length. At the same time, a pulse train of strong coherent synchrotron oscillation from the short bunch was observed.     

Numerical calculation of apparent IR radiation of cloud

The infrared detection has been one of important approaches for aerial target detection, but the existence of clouds in the sky makes target detection difficult, so it is of great significance to research the features of infrared radiation of clouds. Combining Mie scattering theory, the calculation model of infrared radiation on the cloud appearance was put forward and this model mainly considered two parts including direct and scattering radiation. The calculation methods of direct radiation, primary scattering and multiple scattering were discussed in detail to put forward the specific methods for numerical computation. Based on the calculation model, cumulus was taken as the example to calculate its radiation of wave band of long-wave infrared and analyze its radiation characters. The calculation results showed that: both perpendicular incidence and scattering could make great contributions to apparent radiation of cloud and could not be ignored; as for the distribution of direction angles, the radiation of clouds decreased with increase of direction angles as a whole; in the aspect of spectrum distribution, spectral radiance feature of the clouds was complicated function of wave length. Finally, the calculation results were verified using clouds imaging experiment of which the result also effectively proved the correctness of the calculation model.     

Infrared characterization of localized corrosion products

Anodic oxidation and open circuit corrosion of iron was studied in a CO₂ saturated, carbonate buffer system. Cyclic voltammograms were obtained and used as a guide for obtaining corrosion product at constant potentials on the surface of iron. Synchrotron radiation was used to obtain infrared spectra of the corrosion scales. Spectra were obtained ex situ and in situ for areas of general oxidation and for regions of localized oxidation.     

The Identification of Dropouts in Magnetic Media Using Infrared Reflectance Microspectroscopy

Dropouts are a major source of poor quality video tape in the magnetic media industry. A dropout can arise from any defect, contamination or hole in a magnetic tape which causes a loss of magnetic signal and results in poor video picture quality. This article reports on the application of infrared microspectroscopy to the analysis of dropouts originating from small contaminations that result in magnetic signal losses. The technique uses infrared reflectance (both specular and diffuse) and is accomplished with very little sample preparation prior to the analysis.     

Upgrading design of the 3B1A beamline for x-ray nanometre lithography of microelectronic devices at BSRF

Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a partly dedicated synchrotron radiation source operated in either parasitic or dedicated mode. The 3B1A beamline, extracted from a bending magnet, was originally designed as a soft x-ray beamline for submicro x-ray lithography with critical lateral size just below 1μm in 1988 and no change has been made since it was built. But later the required resolution of x-ray lithography has changed from sub-micrometre to the nanometre in the critical lateral size. This beamline can longer more meet the requirement for x-ray nano lithography and has to be modified to fit the purpose. To upgrade the design of the 3B1A beamline for x-ray nano lithography, a mirror is used to reflect and scan the x-ray beam for the nano lithography station, but the mirror's grazing angle is changed to 27.9mrad in the vertical direction, and the convex curve needs to be modified to fit the change; the tiny change of mirror scanning angle is firstly considered to improve the uniformity of the x-ray spot on the wafer by controlling the convex curve.     

F8BT薄膜表面形貌及与Al形成界面的电子结构和反应

基于共轭聚合物光电器件的性能与聚合物的表面形貌、分子取向、以及与金属电极形成的界面结构密切相关. 本文利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、同步辐射光电子能谱(SRPES)和近边X射线吸收精细结构谱(NEXAFS)等, 研究了聚(9, 9-二辛基芴并苯噻二唑)(F8BT)薄膜的表面形貌、分子取向及其与Al 电极形成界面过程的结构变化. 结果表明, 在略低于F8BT玻璃转变温度(T_g=130 ℃)条件下对F8BT薄膜进行退火, 可明显增加薄膜的表面粗糙度, 薄膜中F8BT 的分子取向角约为49°, 9, 9-二辛基芴单元(F8)与苯噻唑单元(BT)几乎在同一平面. 在Al/F8BT 界面形成过程中, Al与F8BT中的C, N和S均发生不同程度的化学反应, 并导致价带结构和未占据分子轨道(LUMO)态密度的变化. Al对F8BT进行n型掺杂引起F8BT能带弯曲的同时, 未占据能级被部分占据, 更多的电子将被注入到LUMO+1中. 通过考察价带电子结构、芯能级位移及二次截止边的变化, 绘制了清晰的Al/F8BT界面能级图.     

IR signature estimation of an object or a target by taking into account atmospheric effects

In this study, a reference infrared (IR) image of an object or a target was analyzed, and the IR signature was calculated. Background and atmospheric effects were decomposed so that the calculation errors were minimized. Depending on the reference IR image, the IR signature at any distance and any angle was estimated while considering atmospheric effects. Calculated results were obtained from IR images taken from the same distance and angle, and were compared with the estimated results. The comparison of the measured and calculated signatures demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed method of estimation.     

发动机热喷流红外辐射计算与仿真

利用求每个小视场视线方向辐射亮度的方法计算喷流红外辐射的光谱分布。以辐射传递方程数值和形式为基础,采用Malkmus统计窄谱带模型和Curtis-Godson(CG)近似求视线方向的辐射强度。采用CFD分析软件FLUENT模拟流场和组分摩尔分数分布。建立喷流红外成像仿真模型,仿真生成了液体火箭发动机热喷流红外图像。结果表明,该方法可以很好地分辨出流场的细微结构。该模型也适用于航空发动机喷流红外辐射计算与仿真。     

高温相变材料对红外诱饵剂性能的影响

研究了相变材料对常规红外诱饵药剂燃烧性能及红外辐射特性的影响。选择的八种高温相变材料中有三种材料在3～5 μm或8～14 μm波段内能不降低红外诱饵的红外辐射特性,而延长了红外诱饵的持续燃烧时间,降低了药柱的燃速,从而延长红外诱饵有效干扰时间。结果表明高温相变材料可作为一种有效的功能添加剂加入红外诱饵。     

植物蒸腾作用对红外辐射特征的影响研究

研究植被的红外辐射特征是开展地面军事目标红外伪装与隐身的基础,模拟植被红外特性的形成机理可实现目标与背景的精确融合。叶片蒸腾是植被特有的生理机制,是影响植被红外辐射特征的主要因素之一。通过建立植物叶片的能量平衡物理模型,分析计算出植物蒸腾特性对叶面温度的影响。应用气孔计、红外热像仪实测了樟树、冬青等典型植物叶片的蒸腾作用、叶面温度、红外辐射特征的日周期变化,通过与干枯叶片的对比表明,植物蒸腾作用能够有效调节叶片的能量平衡,控制叶面温度处于合理的范围内,抑制叶片红外辐射特征的深幅变化。     

隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射特性

隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射是隐身飞机探测的主要辐射源.本文提出了一种新的隐身飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算模型.该模型以普通飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算模型为基础,进而考虑红外隐身措施的影响,间接实现隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射特性的计算.计算模型分别考虑了隐身飞机的二元喷口、引射技术、红外遮蔽云以及遮挡对尾焰辐射的影响.计算结果得出,添加隐身措施后尾焰辐射强度仅为添加前辐射强度的5.8%.针对隐身飞机尾焰红外辐射特性很难获取的问题,将计算结果与喷灯燃烧航空煤油的光谱峰位数据进行了比较,实验结果显示隐身前后辐射能量量级变化与国外文献相同,表明该模型可以用于隐身飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算.