On the theory of dielectric relaxation

The Kirkwood expression for the static dielectric constant of a polar substance is extended to non-zero frequencies by a means which avoids the introduction of spherical specimens and the connection between the dipoledipole correlation functions of distinct spatial regions. The procedure is based on a previously derived relation between the dynamic dielectric constant and the current-current susceptibility and on the use of the Callen-Welton theorem to relate the susceptibility to fluctuations. Surface effects are eliminated at the outset by consideration of media which are infinite in extent. A general relation between the long-range dipole-dipole correlations (which fall off as the inverse cube of the distance) and short-range correlations in a specimen composed of non-polarizable molecules is found from a consistency relation. It is shown that the two microscopic relaxation times which result from the existence of but one relaxation time in the dielectric constant correspond to the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times with the longitudinal time being screened relative to the transverse time by the static dielectric constant.     

Effective Dielectric Response of Composites with Graded Material

The effective dielectric response of linear composites containing graded material is investigated under an applied electric field E₀. For the cylindrical inclusion with gradient dielectric function, ε_i(r)=b+cr, randomly embedded in a host with dielectric constant ε_m, we have obtained the exact solution of local electric potential of the composite media regions, which obeys a linear constitutive relation D=εE, using hypergeometric function. In dilute limit, we have derived the effective dielectric response of the linear composite media. Furthermore, for larger volume fraction, the formulas of effective dielectric response of the graded composite media are given.     

Effect of variation of dielectric constant on the magnetic field modulation of exciplex luminescence

The effect of variation of dielectric constant on the relative magnetic field effect in singlet luminescence has been studied using a typical exciplex system at a saturating field. The study indicates strong specificity in the perturbation of the magnetic field effect by alcoholic solvents. In contrast to alcohols where relative singlet magnetic field effect is of the order of 2% only, the magnetic field effect in non-alcoholic medium reaches as high as 9%. Moreover, dielectric constant variation in alcohols yields curves which are distinctly different from those in non-alcoholic media. It turns out that this dependence of magnetic field effect on dielectric constant is similar in all non-alcoholic solvent mixtures. An analytical study based on Hong and Noolandi’s solution of Smoluchowski equation has been made. Derived expressions can interpret experimental curves reasonably well.     

Solution to the inverse scattering problem for strongly fluctuating media using partially coherent light

We investigate the inverse scattering problem for statistically homogeneous, isotropic random media under conditions of strong fluctuations of optical wavefields. We present a method for determining the spectral density of the dielectric constant fluctuations in such media from scattering of partially coherent light. The method may find applications to a wide class of turbulent media such as the turbulent atmosphere and certain turbulent plasmas where backscattering and depolarization effects are negligible.     

Dielectric constant of porous ultra low-k dielectrics by fractal-Monte Carlo simulations

The effective dielectric constant of porous ultra low-k dielectrics is simulated by applying the fractal geometry and Monte Carlo technique in this work. Based on the fractal character of pore size distribution in porous media, the probability models for pore diameter and for effective dielectric constant are derived. The proposed model for the effective dielectric constant is expressed as a function of the dielectric coefficient of base medium and the volume fractions of pores and base medium, fractal dimension for pores, the pore size, as well as random number. The Monte Carlo simulations combined with the fractal geometry are performed. The predictions by the present simulations are shown in good accord with the available experimental data. The proposed technique may have the potential in analyzing other properties such as electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity in porous ultra low-k dielectrics.     

Frequency-dependent characteristics of thick microstrip lines in lossy multilayered dielectric media

The Spectral Domain Approach (SDA) is used for a rigorous full-wave analysis of thick microstrip lines embedded in lossy multilayered dielectric media. The effects of the conductor thickness on the propagation constant and characteristic impedance are investigated.     

Bragg reflection waveguides

The possibility of using Bragg reflection to obtain lossless confined propagation in slabs with a lower dielectric constant than that of the surrounding media is proposed and analyzed.     

Calculation of nonlinear modes guided by multilayer dielectric structures using the resonance technique

A simple and easily programmable approach based on the resonance method has been developed for analysing optical waves guided by complicated configurations such as multilayer dielectric structures with arbitrary nonlinear media. In this formulation both TE and TM polarizations are considered. In the present paper, as an example of the resonance technique application, the five-layer waveguiding configuration, including two arbitrary nonlinear media along with a linear film of arbitrary profile, is treated. Numerical results are presented in the form of guided power versus propagation constant for various parameters of the problem.     

A General Framework for Localization of Classical Waves: I. Inhomogeneous Media and Defect Eigenmodes

We introduce a general framework for studying the localization of classical waves in inhomogeneous media, which encompasses acoustic waves with position dependent compressibility and mass density, elastic waves with position dependent Lamé moduli and mass density, and electromagnetic waves with position dependent magnetic permeability and dielectric constant. We also allow for anisotropy. We develop mathematical methods to study wave localization in inhomogeneous media. We show localization for local perturbations (defects) of media with a spectral gap, and study midgap eigenmodes.     

Ray-splitting correction to the Weyl formula: experiment versus theory

An abrupt change in the dielectric constant of media filling a microwave cavity was predicted by Prange et al. [Phys. Rev. E 53, 207 (1996)]] to produce a ray splitting correction to the Weyl formula for the mean staircase function of resonances. We present the first experimental confirmation of this effect. Our results with a quasi-two-dimensional cavity are directly relevant to the ray-splitting correction in two-dimensional quantal ray-splitting billiards.     

Optical response of Lorentzian nanospheres in the quasistatic limit

Significance of the Lorentzian dispersion relationship in controlling the optical response of the nanospheres surrounded by a homogeneous non-absorbing dielectric medium is examined. Nanospheres with size much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light are considered as prototype systems that can cover the generic optical response of Lorentzian nanoparticles. Absorption cross-section of the Lorentzian nanospheres is treated in the quasistatic approximation of classical electrodynamics and the resulting optical resonance is evaluated in terms of its dependencies on the parameters of the system. It has been illustrated that the underlying dispersion governs both the amount and the direction of the shift experienced by the optical resonance of nanospheres. Contrary to Drude nanospheres (well-known red shifters), Lorentzian nanospheres are shown to be blue shifters of the optical resonance. The amount of blue shift is dominated by the increase in the oscillator strength of the nanosphere material. Embedding media with higher dielectric constant and/or materials with larger high frequency dielectric constant lead to a suppression of the amount of blue shift induced by the oscillator strength. Further quantification of the blue shift characteristics against the red shift characteristics of Drude nanospheres is provided. The results can be instrumental for manipulating the optical response of plexcitonic nanophotonic devices.     

Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of acrylic dielectric elastomer

The dielectric constant is an essential electrical parameter to the achievable voltage-induced deformation of the dielectric elastomer. This paper primarily focuses on the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant (within the range of 173 K to 373 K) for the most widely used acrylic dielectric elastomer (VHB 4910). First the dielectric constant was investigated experimentally with the broadband dielectric spectrometer (BDS). Results showed that the dielectric constant first increased with temperature up to a peak value and then dropped to a relative small value. Then by analyzing the fitted curves, the Cole–Cole dispersion equation was found better to characterize the rising process before the peak values than the Debye dispersion equation, while the decrease process afterward can be well described by the simple Debye model. Finally, a mathematical model of dielectric constant of VHB 4910 was obtained from the fitted results which can be used to further probe the electromechanical stability of the dielectric elastomers.     

1维微波光子晶体频率选择性反射面

研究了一种由多层介质交替排列的1维微波光子晶体,应用传输矩阵法计算和分析了该结构周期数、波的入射角、介质的相对介电常数以及介质层厚度等对其频率选择特性的影响,并具体给出了一个可行的设计方案。所设计的频率选择表面在3.2~4.0 GHz频率范围内,反射系数大于0.99,在9.5~9.7 GHz频率范围内透射系数大于0.98。     

岩石化学成分及复介电常数与光谱特征的关系探究

实验对辽宁省兴城地区的97块岩石样本测量了350～2 500 nm间光谱反射率,岩石化学成分及部分样本的复介电常数值,并用包络线去除法计算了光谱吸收深度。研究基于岩石化学成分光谱特征理论、介电常数相关理论,利用相关性分析的方法求得岩石各化学成分与光谱吸收深度间的相关系数曲线、岩石复介电常数与光谱反射率间的相关系数曲线。通过归纳总结曲线形态特征,获得以下信息：(1)岩石中SiO₂,Al₂O₃,CaO,K₂O,MgO,灼失含量与光谱吸收深度在波段(1 900～2 500 nm)间相关性明显,在1 900,2 200和2 300 nm等化学元素识别特征波段处,出现局部极大/极小值;火成岩中Fe₂O₃含量与光谱吸收深度在铁元素的特征波段(400～550 nm)有着良好的相关性,相关系数达-0.406。探讨岩石光谱吸收特征与其化学成分含量间的关系在通过遥感影像进行成矿预测、识别岩性等方面都有着积极的作用。(2)岩石复介电常数总体与岩石反射率呈负相关,实部相关性优于虚部,实部相关系数在1 900 nm附近达到极小值-0.753。观查曲线可知,介电常数实部与光谱反射率相关系数在1 900和2 200 nm附近都有着良好的相关性,因此实验运用不同的模型拟合了在该处的响应关系函数曲线。介电常数是介质的基本物理性质之一,现有研究中多在微波波段中分析电磁波特征与介电常数间的关系,该研究在可见光和近红外波段范围内探究了二者间的关系,为进一步探讨岩石介电特性和光谱特征奠定了基础。     

Otto结构加载MIM波导的表面等离子激元传输与衰减特性

设计了加载MIM波导的Otto结构研究SPPs的传输和衰减特性,应用球面EM场的解法求解了整个介质区域的本征函数的特征值。对SiO₂厚度分别为750 nm和1 500 nm的设计结构进行了仿真,结果表明:750 nm改进结构的TM₀传播常数达到了1.541,衰减系数仅仅为2.80;随着SiO₂层介质厚度的减小,反射系数随之增大,且不同金属介电常数的谐振方向变化趋势一致;随着腔厚度的减小,在反射相位减少的同时其存储能量也随之减少。     

Strip dielectric wave guide antenna-for the measurement of dielectric constant of low-loss materials

The value of dielectric constant are the most important parameters in material science technology. In micro-wave and millimeter wave circuits using dielectric materials the values of this parameters should be known accurately. It is observed that the number of methods are reported in litrature, however these methods impose difficulties in experimentation and are not very accurate. In this paper a novel approach to the measurement of the dielectric constant of low loss materials at micro-wave and millimeter wave frequencies has been discussed. In this method by using antenna theory, a metallic strip dielectric guide is taken in to constideration and band reject phenomenon of dielectric antenna is used. Frequency response of an antenna in band reject mode is a function of the dimensional parameters, such as the metallic strip period, the profile of the metallic strip and the dielectric constant of the material used. Hence if one measure the frequency responce of the antenna in band reject mode, the dielectric constant of the material is determined provided all other parameters are known. This method gives a direct measure of dielectric constant and is quite accurate as computer techniques are used for evaluating the dielectric constant. This method verified experimentally also.     

Two-particle cluster integral in the expansion of the dielectric constant

We study in detail the two-particle cluster integral in the cluster expansion for the effective dielectric constant of a suspension of spherically symmetric polarizable inclusions embedded in a uniform medium. Although our form for the integrand differs from that derived earlier by Finkel'berg and by Jeffrey, we show that the integral is equivalent. The two-body dielectric problem for particles with an arbitrary radial dependence of the dielectric constant is solved by an expansion in spherical harmonics. Numerical results for some special models illustrate the importance of multipole contributions to the effective dielectric constant.     

基于钛酸锶钡介电非线性效应的可调谐太赫兹人工电磁媒质

数值仿真研究了内嵌钛酸锶钡薄膜夹层的金属网格谐振单元人工电磁媒质的谐振行为. 垂直电磁波激励下, 电磁响应频率随着内嵌夹层钛酸锶钡薄膜介电常数的变大呈现红移, 调谐率为22.6%. 本文提出的人工电磁媒质调谐方法只需要以结构单元的上下两层金属图形本身作为电极对内嵌夹层钛酸锶钡薄膜施加电压, 极大地简化了可调谐人工电磁媒质的制备及应用, 在太赫兹人工电磁媒质调制器等方面具有潜在的应用. 关键词： 人工电磁媒质 钛酸锶钡薄膜 介电非线性 调谐     

Optics of magnetoelectric media in the presence of a magnetic field and a spatial dispersion of the dielectric permittivity

Influence of an external magnetic field and a spatial dispersion of the dielectric permittivity on the irreversibility of waves in magnetoelectric media is considered. Features of the azimuth inhomogeneity at the simultaneous anisotropy of the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability in these media are studied.