Syzygies and Diagonal Resolutions for Dihedral Groups

Let G be a finite group with integral group ring Λ =Z[G]. The syzygies Ω_r(Z) are the stable classes of the intermediate modules in a free Λ-resolution of the trivial module. They are of significance in the cohomology theory of G via the “co-represention theorem” H^r(G, N) = Hom_𝒟er(Ω_r(Z), N). We describe the Ω_r(Z) explicitly for the dihedral groups D_4n+2, so allowing the construction of free resolutions whose differentials are diagonal matrices over Λ.     

Preprojective Cluster Variables of Acyclic Cluster Algebras

It is proved that any cluster-tilted algebra defined in the cluster category 𝒞(H) has the same representation type as the initial hereditary algebra H. For any valued quiver (Γ, Ω), an injection from the subset 𝒫?(Ω) of the cluster category 𝒞(Ω) consisting of indecomposable preprojective objects, preinjective objects, and the first shifts of indecomposable projective modules to the set of cluster variables of the corresponding cluster algebra 𝒜_Ω is given. The images are called “preprojective cluster variables”. It is proved that all preprojective cluster variables other than u_i have denominators u ^dim M in their irreducible fractions of integral polynomials, where M is the corresponding preprojective module or preinjective module. In case the valued quiver (Γ, Ω) is of finite type, the denominator theorem holds with respect to any cluster. Namely, let x = (x₁,…, x_n) be a cluster of the cluster algebra 𝒜_Ω, and V the cluster tilting object in 𝒞(Ω) corresponding to x, whose endomorphism algebra is denoted by Λ. Then the denominator of any cluster variable y other than x_i is x ^dim M, where M is the indecomposable Λ-module corresponding to y. This result is a generalization of the corresponding result of Caldero–Chapoton–Schiffler to the non-simply-laced case.     

Negative result in pointwise 3-convex polynomial approximation

Let Δ³ be the set of functions three times continuously differentiable on [−1, 1] and such that f″′(x) ≥ 0, x ∈ [−1, 1]. We prove that, for any n ∈ ℕ and r ≥ 5, there exists a function f ∈ C ^r [−1, 1] ⋂ Δ³ [−1, 1] such that ∥f ^(r)∥ _{C[−1, 1]} ≤ 1 and, for an arbitrary algebraic polynomial P ∈ Δ³ [−1, 1], there exists x such that

Disjoint circuits in the cartesian product of two directed cycles

We show that the Cartesian product of two directed cycles Z _a X Z _b has r disjointly embedded circuits C₁, C₂, ?, C_r with specified knot classes knot(C_i) = (m_i, n_i), for i = 1, 2, ?, r, if and only if there exist relatively prime non-negative integers m and n such that knot(C_i) = (m, n), for i = 1, 2, ?, r, and r(am + bn) ≦ ab. We generalize this result to the Cayley digraph on a finite abelian group with a two-element generating set.     

Integral Schur algebras forGL 2

The structure of Schur algebrasS(2,r) over the integral domainZ is intensively studied from the quasi-hereditary algebra point of view. We introduce certain new bases forS(2,r) and show that the Schur algebraS(2,r) modulo any ideal in the defining sequence is still such a Schur algebra of lower degree inr. A Wedderburn-Artin decomposition ofS _K (2,r) over a fieldK of characteristic 0 is described. Finally, we investigate the extension groups between two Weyl modules and classify the indecomposable Weyl-filtered modules for the Schur algebrasS _Zp(2,r) withr<p ² . Research supported by ARC Large Grant L20.24210     

Large centralizers in finite solvable groups

In 1955 R. Brauer and K. A. Fowler showed that ifG is a group of even order >2, and the order |Z(G)| of the center ofG is odd, then there exists a strongly real) elementx∈G−Z whose centralizer satisfies|C _G(x)|>|G|^1/3. In Theorem 1 we show that every non-abeliansolvable groupG contains an elementx∈G−Z such that|C _G(x)|>[G:G′∩Z]^1/2 (and thus|C _G(x)|>|G|^1/3). We also note that if non-abelianG is either metabelian, nilpotent or (more generally) supersolvable, or anA-group, or any Frobenius group, then|C _G(x)|>|G|^1/2 for somex∈G−Z. In Theorem 2 we prove that every non-abelian groupG of orderp ^mqⁿ (p, q primes) contains a proper centralizer of order >|G|^1/2. Finally, in Theorem 3 we show that theaverage |C(x)|, x∈G, is ≧c|G| ^1/3 for metabelian groups, wherec is constant and the exponent 1/3 is best possible.     

Valeurs aux entiers négatifs des séries de Dirichlet associées a un polynôme,I

In this paper, we are studying Dirichlet series Z(P,ξ,s) = Σ_n?$\text{N}$^1rP(n)^?s ξⁿ, where P ∈ $\text{R}$₊ [X₁,…,X_r] and ξⁿ = ξ₁ⁿ¹ … ξ_r^nr, with ξ_i ∈ $\text{C}$, such that |ξ_i| = 1 and ξ_i ≠ 1, 1 ≦ i ≦ r. We show that Z(P, ξ,·) can be continued holomorphically to the whole complex plane, and that the values Z(P, ξ, ?k) for all non negative integers, belong to the field generated over $\text{Q}$ by the ξ_i and the coefficients of P. If, there exists a number field K, containing the ξ_i, 1 ≦ i ≦ r, and the coefficients of P, then we study the denominators of Z(P, ξ, ?k) and we define a $\text{B}$-adic function Z$\text{B}$(P, ξ,·) which is equal, on class of negative integers, to Z(P, ξ, ?k).     

Am×n矩阵的加边矩阵的奇异性问题

给定m×n阶矩阵A,我们给出了它的加边矩阵M=[A B C O] (1)为非奇的充分必要条件。其中O为r₁×r₂阶零矩阵。把M的逆矩阵记为分块形式M^-1=[A₁ B₂ C₃ O₄]其中C₁为n×m、C₂为n×r₁、C₃为r₂×m、C₄为r₂×r₁阶矩阵。在一定条件下,我们证明了其中的C₁为A的广义逆矩阵A⁺。     

Hopf algebra forms of the multiplicative group and other groups

The multiplicative group functor, which associates with each k-algebra its group of units, is affine with Hopf algebra k[x,x^–1]. The purpose of this paper is to determine explicitly all Hopf algebra forms of k[x,x^–1] with only minor restrictions on k (2 not a zero-divisor and Pic₍₂₎(k)=0). We also describe explicitly (by generators and relations) the Hopf algebra forms of kC₃, kC₄ and kC₆, where C_n is the cyclic group of order n. Some of our results could be drawn from [1,III §5.3.3] where a similar result as ours is indicated (and left as an exercise). We prefer however a less technical approach, in particular we do not use the extended theory of algebraic groups and functor sheaves.     

Speed of convergence in nonparametric kernel estimation of a regression function and its derivatives

Summary The objective in nonparametric regression is to infer a functiong(x) and itspth order derivativesg ^(g)(x),p≧1 fixed, on the basis of a finite collection of pairs {x _i, g(x_i)+Z _i} _i=1 ⁿ , where the noise componentsZ _i satisfy certain modest assumptions and the domain pointsx _i are selected non-randomly. This paper exhibits a new class of kernel estimatesg _n ^(p) ,p≧0 fixed. The main theoretical results of this study are the rates of convergence obtained for mean square and strong consistency ofg _n ^(p) each of them being uniform on the (0,1).     

Similarity of matrices under SL(n,K)

Take a similarity class of n × n matrices over a field K Let p_i ,(λ) ^m(i) be the elementary divisors L_i , = K [λ]/(p_i ). Under conjugation by SL(n, K), the class splits into subclasses corresponding to the elements of K^×/Π(NL _i ^×) ^m(i).     

Indecomposable r-graphs and some other counterexamples

An r-graph is any graph that can be obtained as a conic combination of its own 1-factors. An r-graph G(V, E) is said to be indecomposable when its edge set E cannot be partitioned as E = E₁ ∪ E₂ so that G_i(V, E_i) is an r_i-graph for i = 1, 2 and, for some r₁, r₂. We give an indecomposable r-graph for every integer r ≥ 4. This answers a question raised in [Seymour, Proc London Math Soc 38 (1979, 423–460], and has interesting consequences for the Schrijver System of the T-cut polyhedron to be given in [Rizzi, 1997, to appear]. A graph in which every two 1-factors intersect is said to be poorly matchable. Every poorly matchable r-graph is indecomposable. We show that for every r ≥ 4 that “being indecomposable” does not imply “being poorly matchable.” Next we give a poorly matchable r-graph for every r ≥ 4. The article provides counterexamples to some conjectures of Seymour. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 32: 1–15, 1999     

A Class of Finite-Dimensional Representations of U_q（sl_2）

In order to study a class of finite-dimensional representations of Uq（sl2）, we deal with the quotient algebra Uq （m, n, b） of quantum group Uq（sl2） with relations Kr=1, Emr=b, Fnr=0 in this paper, where q is a root of unity. The algebra Uq（m, n, b） is decomposed into a direct sum of indecomposable （left） ideals. The structures of indecomposable projective representations and their blocks are determined.     

On the Q-rational cuspidal subgroup and the component group ofJ 0(p r )

Forp≥3 a prime, we compute theQ-rational cuspidal subgroupC(p ^r ) of the JacobianJ ₀(p ^r ) of the modular curveX ₀(p ^r ). This result is then applied to determine the component group Φ _p ^r of the Néron model ofJ ₀(p ^r ) overZ _p . This extends results of Lorenzini [7]. We also study the action of the Atkin-Lehner involution on thep-primary part ofC(p ^r ), as well as the effect of degeneracy maps on the component groups.     

Conjugacy of idempotents in jordan pairs

The injectives in the category of associative rings and homomorphisms with accessible images are investigated.It is shown that every such ring has an identity and is a direct sum of finitely many indecomposable injectives.The indecomposable injectives are shown to be simple when they are algebras over fields other than Z_p and in the remaining characteristic p case to have only three ideals.A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for certain finite direct sums of indecomposable injectives to be injective.     

On the minimal positive homothetic image of a simplex containing a convex body

Let C be a convex body, and let S be a nondegenerate simplex in ? ⁿ . It is proved that the minimal coefficientσ > 0 for which the translate of σS contains C is $$\sum\limits_{j = 1}^{n + 1} {\mathop {\max \left( { - \lambda _j \left( x \right)} \right) + 1,}\limits_{x \in C} }$$ where λ ₁(x), ..., λ _n +1(x) are the barycentric coordinates of the point x ∈ ? ⁿ with respect to S. In the case C = [0, 1] ⁿ , this quantity is reduced to the form Σ _i=1 ⁿ 1/d _i (S), where d _i (S) is the ith axial diameter of S, i.e., the maximal length of the segment from S parallel to the ith coordinate axis.     

A note on bideterminants for Schur superalgebras

Let S(m|n,r)_Z be a Z-form of a Schur superalgebra S(m|n,r) generated by elements ξ_i,j. We solve a problem of Muir and describe a Z-form of a simple S(m|n,r)-module D_λ,Q over the field Q of rational numbers, under the action of S(m|n,r)_Z. This Z-form is the Z-span of modified bideterminants [T_?:T_i] defined in this work. We also prove that each [T_?:T_i] is a Z-linear combination of modified bideterminants corresponding to (m|n)-semistandard tableaux T_i.     

关于有限Abelian群的生成子集的基数

假若G =Z_m1 Z_m2… Z_mr 为 (m₁, m₂,…, m_r)型Abelian群, 其中Z_mi 为 m_i 阶的循环群且1≤i≤ r, m₁ |m₂|…| m_r, S 为G 的满足0∈ S=-S 的生成子集. 如果 |S|>|G|/ρ, 其中ρ≥l m_r /2l且m_r=e(G) 为群 G 的所有元素的阶的最小公倍数, 则ρS=G. 更进一步作者推广了Klopsch与lev ^[1]的一个结论,有:若 G=Z₂Z_m 为 (2, m) 型 Abelian 群(m ≥8), 则 t_m/2(G)=0.