膏溶角砾岩侧限膨胀特性试验研究

研究了膏溶角砾岩的侧限膨胀特性及其影响因素。这种岩石受到扰动后可吸水发生膨胀变形使其结构发生变形甚至破坏。通过GDG高压固结仪采用平衡加压法和充分膨胀法研究了侧限情况下岩石的膨胀力指标, 解释了充分膨胀法膨胀力指标大于平衡加压法膨胀力指标的原因。通过试验研究了供水充足条件下膏溶角砾岩侧限自由膨胀变形演化规律, 阐述了膏溶角砾岩侧限膨胀变形的影响因素。岩石试样采自山西石太客运专线太行山隧道, 试验结果表明, 膏溶角砾岩的膨胀特性不同于常规的膨胀岩, 其轴向膨胀变形随含水率增加而增加, 随密度增大而减小。     

宁明膨胀土侧限有荷膨胀变形试验研究

首先分析了国内外膨胀土膨胀变形试验研究的现状,接着针对南宁-友谊关公路宁明段灰白色膨胀土,采用侧限有荷膨胀试验,在分析探讨膨胀土有荷膨胀率与上部荷载的关系以及终了含水量和上部荷载的关系、过程含水量与吸水量的关系的基础上,推导出了膨胀土在侧向约束、上部加压条件下膨胀应变与含水率、上部荷载之间的关系式,并用之对南友路膨胀土路堤的修筑提出了一些建议．     

液压膨胀环恒应变率加载技术

膨胀环实验技术主要包括爆炸膨胀环实验技术和电磁膨胀环实验技术,实验过程中膨胀环的加载应变率在达到峰值后会随着圆环的膨胀而迅速降低,给研究应变率敏感材料的拉伸碎裂带来极大的不便。在前期提出的液压膨胀环实验技术的基础上,发展了一种恒应变率加载技术。首先,从理论上获得了实现金属圆环恒应变率膨胀所需的液压加载曲线的近似表达式;然后,采用有限元流固耦合数值模拟了液压膨胀环装置中1060-O铝环的膨胀碎裂过程,在给定液压加载曲线下,膨胀环的环向应变率在应变率稳定阶段上下波动范围最大不超过20%;并进一步研究了加载曲线对碎裂过程中应变率的影响规律。在液压膨胀环实验装置上对1060-O铝环开展了膨胀环实验,验证了恒应变率加载技术的可行性。     

干湿循环作用下红砂岩侧限膨胀应力时程模型

采用湖南株洲地区的红砂岩样,进行了不同干湿循环次数和不同干燥温度影响下的侧限膨胀应力试验。结果表明:岩石侧限膨胀应力是时间的函数,可以用快速膨胀阶段、减速膨胀阶段和缓慢稳定阶段表征;干湿循环作用和干燥温度对红砂岩的膨胀产生显著影响,随循环次数的增大,最大侧限膨胀应力先增大后减小;干燥温度越高,不同循环次数下的侧限膨胀应力越大。建立了考虑循环次数与干燥温度影响的侧限膨胀应力时程模型,并验证了模型的正确性。所得结论可为保证膨胀岩地区工程建设的安全性和稳定性提供指导。     

膨胀环实验平台及其在材料动力学行为研究中的应用

分析了目前膨胀环实验技术的研究现状,介绍了本课题组搭建的电磁膨胀环和爆炸膨胀环实验平台,着重介绍了其原理和主要性能参数。爆炸膨胀环实验中提出了一种新的爆炸丝起爆方式,电磁膨胀环平台中使用了一种先进的三电极开关实现电流截断。膨胀环的传统研究方向为材料的断裂行为、破片的统计规律、材料的动态拉伸本构等,本课题组将其拓展到材料在冲击拉伸加载下的损伤演化规律、裂纹的扩展速度等研究领域。本文对膨胀环平台的主要应用研究进行了一个较全面系统的总结概括,并指出今后膨胀环平台应用研究的主要方向。     

冀西北地区凝灰岩吸水及膨胀特性研究

以京张高铁某隧道工程提供的膨胀性凝灰岩为研究对象,采用改进设计的岩石连续吸水膨胀力试验仪,对凝灰岩的吸水及膨胀特性进行了试验研究。以湿度应力场理论为基础,从理论上推导了凝灰岩膨胀力与含水率关系,并对试验结果进行了验证,结果表明:(1)凝灰岩的饱和吸水率为15.91%～17.83%,吸水率随着时间的增长而呈现出对数增长,吸水特征曲线可以分为3个阶段:快速吸水阶段、减速吸水阶段、残余吸水阶段;(2)凝灰岩饱和吸水膨胀力为81.87kPa～95.4kPa,膨胀力随着时间的增长而呈现出对数增长,且具有滞后效应;膨胀特性曲线分为3个阶段:快速膨胀阶段、减速膨胀阶段、残余膨胀阶段;(3)根据推导的公式,工程上可通过测定含水率来估算凝灰岩膨胀力的大小。     

空腔膨胀理论靶体阻力模型及其应用研究进展

从静/动态空腔膨胀模型的理论体系出发,介绍了空腔膨胀模型在不同方向上取得的成果,主要涉及理想侵彻条件的空腔膨胀压力计算模型及数值模拟方法和空腔膨胀模型在典型侵彻问题及复杂弹靶条件下的应用。在理想侵彻条件下的空腔膨胀压力计算模型中,主要讨论了靶体材料、屈服准则和状态方程对空腔边界应力的影响规律及空腔膨胀模型的适用性问题;根据数值模拟中初始条件的不同,介绍了空腔表面恒定速度/恒定压力两种数值模拟方法,证明了数值模拟方法的可靠性;整理了空腔膨胀模型的基本假设、适用范围、工程应用特点,列举了其在典型侵彻问题及多层复合靶板、约束靶体、弹体刻槽和异形截面形状弹体等复杂弹靶条件下的应用。针对空腔膨胀模型的研究现状,总结了目前空腔膨胀模型在冲击动力学领域的应用方向,归纳了空腔膨胀模型应用中尚存在的问题,展望了空腔膨胀模型下一步的重点发展方向。     

爆炸膨胀环一维应力假定的分析与讨论

对爆炸膨胀环的运动过程和应力状态进行了理论分析,指出膨胀环在径向变形过程中其厚度减小 将引起内外壁的速度差,对膨胀环内外壁的速度差进行了分析。由于膨胀环内外壁速度差的存在必然造成复 杂应力状态,无法满足一维应力假定,由此推断出实验中利用外壁速度计算出的应力要略大于膨胀环内的平 均应力。利用LS-DYNA三维动力学有限元程序验证了理论分析结果,利用膨胀环外壁速度计算出的应力比 数值模拟给出的膨胀环内平均应力大1%左右。     

电磁膨胀环实验设计的关键因素

为了更好地研究电磁膨胀环实验加载技术,利用带有电磁模块的LS DYNA三维动力学有限元程序对电磁膨胀环加载过程进行三维数值模拟。分析了螺线圈绕法、加载电流波形、膨胀环截面尺寸和轴向位移对电磁膨胀环实验结果的影响。计算结果表明,连接带缺口螺线圈的圆圈绕线方法优于均匀过渡绕法,加载电流峰值与膨胀环径向速度峰值近似成线性关系,适当增加膨胀环截面轴向的宽度可提高膨胀环运动稳定性,双螺线圈模型可有效减小膨胀环轴向位移。     

混凝土材料的动态空腔膨胀理论

采用三段式线性状态方程和考虑拉伸破坏的带剪切饱和的Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则描述混凝土材料的本构关系,运用相似变换方法推导出了空腔膨胀动态响应的理论表达式,并运用Runge-Kutta-Felhberg数值方法给出了球形空腔动态响应的数值解。结果表明:空腔膨胀压力随空腔膨胀速度和剪切饱和强度的增加而增加,在空腔膨胀速度较高时,考虑剪切饱和时的空腔膨胀压力明显小于不考虑剪切饱和时的空腔膨胀压力。     

Remarks on the notion of “pressure”

In addition to understanding the various meanings attached to the word “pressure” one also has to comprehend the meanings of the phrases in which the term “pressure” appears. For instance one comes across the following combinations: “static-fluid pressure”, “thermodynamic pressure”, “mechanical pressure”, “contact pressure”, “stagnation pressure”, “vapor pressure”, “electro-osmotic pressure”, etc., One also often comes across the comment that “pressure is the Lagrange multiplier that enforces the constraint of incompressibility” and that “pressure is the mean normal stress”. In general the word “pressure” with different significations, is used with gay abandon without paying proper attention to its usage¹. The distinction in the meanings of the above terms assumes paramount significance when discussing properties of materials, which could possibly depend on “pressure”. In this short note we discuss the distinction between various significations of the word “pressure”, and their implications with regard to response relations for bodies.     

Experimental analysis of pressure distribution in a twin screw compressor for multiphase duties

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of pressure distribution inside working chamber of a twin screw compressor for multiphase duties. A mathematical model for describing the pressure distribution inside working chamber is proposed. By means of a small pressure transducer embedded into the groove at the root of the rotor, the pressure distributions of a multiphase compressor under various running conditions have been recorded successfully to verify the model. It is found that the pressure curve during the discharge process has a higher level under the conditions of the lower gas void fraction, higher discharge pressure, higher rotational speed and higher inlet pressure. The pressure distribution calculated by model in this paper shows good agreement with the data recorded by a small pressure sensor in a prototype multiphase compressor at the high gas void fractions under different operating conditions.     

On the stabilization of unphysical pressure oscillations in MPS method simulations

In this paper, pressure stability through the suppression of high‐frequency pressure oscillations in the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method is presented. To obtain a stable pressure field, we improve the free‐surface particle search algorithm. Pressure stability follows from the suppression of high‐frequency pressure oscillations due to a correction in the Laplacian operator of the Poisson pressure equation and from the correction of the pressure gradient operator. The three proposed modifications are applied gradually and compared with the MPS method to show the improvements in the hydrostatic pressure and dam‐breaking problems. To validate the suppression of the high‐frequency numerical pressure oscillations, modified MPS methods with and without a removable wall are compared with published dam‐breaking experiment pressure measurements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隧洞式内衬储气库极限储存压力解析解

隧洞式内衬储气库是一种新型能源储存方法,有助于平衡供需,推动国家由化石能源向绿色能源的持续过渡,有利于国家“碳中和、碳达峰”目标的实现.本文采用极限平衡方法和弹塑性分析方法推导隧洞式内衬储气库极限储存压力的解析解.在极限平衡方法中,考虑上覆围岩自重、破裂面受力和极限储存压力,选用刚性锥模型,推导了上限压力表达式;在弹塑性分析方法中,根据围岩中应力分布规律和剪切、抗拉强度,推导获得了弹塑性条件下上限与下限压力表达式.最终综合考虑两方法求得的结果,确定极限储存压力解析解.结果表明:极限平衡方法求得上限压力与埋深呈二次函数关系,且随着侧压力系数的增大而增大;弹塑性分析方法确定的上限压力和下限压力与埋深呈线性关系,下限压力随着侧压力系数的增大而减小,且Ⅰ级围岩条件下的内衬储气库不用考虑下限压力.在侧压力系数λ=1.2时上限压力最大,因此应尽量在侧压力系数为1.2的围岩条件下修建隧洞式储气库.最后根据典型工况下上限和下限压力曲线给出内衬洞室推荐压力范围.     

Polymer melt rheology with a slit die

A piston driven high pressure slit die rheometer with three pressure holes along the die and one in the barrel was used to investigate viscosity, entrance and exit pressure losses, and pressure coefficient of viscosity of a LDPE melt. Hydrostatic calibration of melt pressure transducers can be performed in the rheometer. The slit die results are compared with measurements on circular dies assuming linear and parabolic pressure profiles in both cases. A simplified conversion from apparent to true viscosity, applicable for single point measurements, has been used. In spite of the different symmetries the Bagley correction from the linear pressure profile of circular dies was found to be equal to the sum of exit and entrance pressure losses in the slit. The magnitude and sign of the exit pressure loss depend on the type of pressure profile used. The influence of a pressure dependent viscosity and a temperature gradient along the die on the curvature of the pressure profile is discussed. To directly investigate the effect of pressure the pressure level at constant flow rate was increased stepwise by means of a valve attached to the exit of the slit die.     

Study of the pressure distribution over rotatable bridgman anvils

Study has been made of the pressure distribution over rotatable Bridgman anvils prepared from KhVG steel and VK-6 alloy, working at room temperature and over the pressure range from 10 to 40 kbar. The pressure distribution was determined by following the polymerization of acrylamide under the combined action of high pressure and deformational shear. The polymer yield was found to increase with increasing pressure at fixed angle of rotation of the anvil. Study was made of the effect of pressure on the polymer yield over various annular zones marked out within the sample. The pressure distribution was found to vary with the material of which the anvil was constructed, the normal pressure, and the sample geometry. It was also found that there was one interval within which the pressure over the anvil was almost constant.     

Air flow and pressure inside a pressure-swirl spray and their effects on spray development

Air flow and pressure inside a pressure-swirl spray for direct injection (DI) gasoline engines and their effects on spray development have been analyzed at different injector operating conditions. A simulation tool was utilized and the static air pressure at the centerline of the spray was measured to investigate the static pressure and flow structure inside the swirl spray. To investigate the effect of static air pressure on swirl spray development, a liquid film model was applied and the Mie-scattered images were captured. The simulation and experiment showed that recirculation vortex and air pressure drop inside the swirl spray were observable and the air pressure drop was greater at high injection pressure. At high fuel temperature, the air pressure at the nozzle exit showed higher value compared to the atmospheric pressure and then continuously decreased up to few millimeters distance from the nozzle exit. The pressure drop at high fuel temperatures was more than that of atmospheric temperature. This reduced air pressure was recovered to the atmospheric pressure at further downstream. The results from the liquid film model and macroscopic spray images showed that the air pressure started to affect the liquid film trajectory about 3 mm from the nozzle exit and this effect was sustained until the air pressure recovered to the atmospheric pressure. However, the entrained air motion and droplet size have more significant influence on the spray development after the most of the liquid sheet is broken-up and the spray loses its initial momentum.     

水下接触爆炸下防雷舱舷侧空舱的内压载荷特性

采用模型实验方法,研究了近自由面水下接触爆炸下防雷舱舷侧空舱的内压载荷特性。根据实验模型的破坏结果和压力测试结果,分析了水下爆炸产物与防雷舱舷侧空舱的相互作用过程以及水下爆炸产物的压力变化规律。研究表明:防雷舱舷侧空舱的载荷可分为冲击波载荷、准静态压力载荷和负压载荷3种,防雷舱舷侧空舱的破坏主要由冲击波载荷和准静态压力载荷造成,并且准静态压力载荷的比冲量是冲击波载荷的数倍,而负压载荷对防雷舱舷侧空舱破坏的影响可忽略不计。     

螺旋槽端面微间隙高速气流润滑密封特性

考虑入口气流压力损失和出口阻塞效应,建立了微间隙端面高速气体润滑密封分析数学模型,对螺旋槽端面微间隙高速气流润滑密封特性进行研究.重点分析了不同密封间隙、密封压力和转速等工况条件下,入口压力损失和出口阻塞效应对开启力、泄漏率及气膜刚度等密封特性参数的影响规律.结果表明:高速气体阻塞效应使出口压力高于环境压力,压力损失使入口气膜压力下降,导致泄漏率和气膜刚度明显下降,并使开启力增加.随着密封压力和密封间隙的增加,阻塞效应增强,导致泄漏率和气膜刚度显著降低.密封压力10 MPa时,泄漏率降低可达20%,气膜刚度的下降可达30%以上.     

循环剪切荷载作用下软土的力学性状研究

利用从现场取得的原状土样,通过室内动三轴试验对循环荷载作用下的变形、孔压和强度特性进行研究。试验研究主要考虑了周围固结压力、循环剪切应力比、荷载频率和循环次数等因素的影响。研究表明,在循环荷载作用下,孔隙水压力和轴向应变均是一个波动上升的过程。当循环应力比增大时,动孔隙水压力变化幅值显著增加,而残余孔压也较大。同时,孔隙水压力值也随着周围压力的增大而明显增大。当作用荷载频率比较大时,需要更多的循环次数才能达到小频率作用荷载能达到的孔隙水压力值。但是,随着循环荷载作用次数的增加,频率对孔隙水压力的影响有减小的趋势。