关于洛伦兹力演示实验的研究

文章分析电解质溶液中带电粒子在电磁场中的运动现象,探讨决定洛伦兹力大小的各影响因素,并对其进行详尽的理论分析.其中电解质溶液之间的关系为实验重要影响因素,理论推导得到二者间的函数关系,通过实验测得电导率和溶液浓度之间关系曲线,并将实验结果与理论分析进行了对比.研究发现洛伦兹力演示实验的关键性因素为电解质溶液的电导率和溶液浓度之间的关系,结合实验结果找到电导率最大时溶液浓度的范围.     

光纤材料折射率的温度和非线性特性

用半经典理论研究了光纤材料的线性和非线性折射率,以及它们与温度的关系,并研究了零色散点与温度的关系,理论与实验相符。 关键词：     

全面认识物理理论与物理实验的关系

物理实验与物理理论之间的关系是讲授物理实验课时首先应向学生阐明的问题。现行的物理教材（中专和大学）一般是这样概括物理实验和物理理论之间的关系：物理学是一门建立在物理实验基础上的学科。物理学的原理、定理是在总结大量的物理实验事实基础上概括出来的．这些论述强调了物理理论对物理实验的依赖性，无疑是正确的．但却忽视了物理实验与物理理论的另一方面：即物理实验对物理理论同样具有依赖性，这一点也很少受到物理学工作者和物理教师的注意．全面认识物理理论与物理实验的关系，对于我们更好地进行物理实验的研究和物理实验的…     

颗粒碰撞率的实验研究

本文采用一种新的研究思路,以高速摄像作为手段,结合各种新颖的PTV算法,在毫秒级时间尺度和毫米级空间尺度上(颗粒尺寸)来对颗粒碰撞率做实验研究,对长期以来一直沿用的描述颗粒碰撞率的关系进行检验与修正。通过对实际颗粒碰撞率与颗粒浓度、平均相对速度的关系进行测量研究,发现理论关系与实验存在较大的差别,理论关系较大地高估了碰撞率。指出了需要进一步深入和完善描述颗粒碰撞率的实验规律,这些规律可直接应用于气固两相流动的数值计算与理论分析中。     

向内发射同轴型二极管电流电压关系二维修正

 给出了对同轴型强流电子束二极管的电流电压关系进行的部分理论推导与介绍,同时利用PIC数值模拟以及实验研究得到的二维效应修正关系曲线。在研究中首先给出了对向内发射同轴型二极管在不同电压等级下的电流电压关系,然后用PIC数值模拟方法进行验证。对数值模拟的结果也给出了理论推导公式在不同状态下的二维效应修正因子与电子束流运动的特点。在研究中得到的电流电压关系理论公式基本上反映了不同条件下同轴型二极管的束流特性,所以此研究结果可以直接应用于包含同轴型二极管结构的脉冲功率器件的设计与实验结果的分析中,为实验中相关问题的解决提供设计的依据与理论分析基础。     

多模Ar^＋激光时间相干性与输出功率的关系

本文就多纵模Ar~+激光时间相干性(即相干长度)与输出功率的关系进行了实验观测,得到了相干长度与输出功率关系近似为双曲线函数的实验结果,并根据简单的Smith模型,对多纵模激光的时间相干性与输出功率进行了理论分析与数值计算.研究结果表明,理论与实验结果基本吻合.     

圆柱形水下爆炸实验容器壁部强度设计研究

 基于薄壁壳理论和水下爆炸理论,对圆柱形水下爆炸实验容器在爆炸冲击波作用下弹性范围内的壁部应变进行了理论分析和实验研究。导出了圆柱形水下爆炸实验容器在爆炸冲击波作用下壁部弹性应变与容器直径、壁厚及内部爆炸药量之间的关系,并对计算结果进行了实验验证。实验表明公式求解结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

离子束溅射镀膜技术研究

本文介绍了离子束溅射镀膜原理,对淀积束率与离子能量、束流密度的关系进行了实验研究。实验结果与理论分析有较好的一致性。     

气体压强对塞曼激光陀螺偏频特性的影响研究

就气体压强对激光陀螺偏频特性影响进行了理论与实验研究.理论推导发现,激光陀螺内部的He-Ne气体压强对其偏频量有重要影响.He-Ne气体比率一定时,偏频量与其内部压强成线性关系.在不同气压下对激光陀螺偏频量与压强的关系进行了实验验证,实验结果与典型参量下的理论结果吻合得较好;给出了不同比率下激光陀螺偏频量与其压强的关系曲线.     

高功率掺镱光纤放大器中频率上转换发光现象的研究

建立了半导体抽运的高功率掺镱双包层光纤放大器实验系统,对放大器中的频率上转换发光现象进行了理论和实验研究,分析认为实验中由光纤侧面和两端观测到的绿色荧光是处于激发态的Yb2 相互作用,同时湮没而产生的合作荧光.分别对光纤放大器信号端和抽运端输出的荧光谱进行了测量.将实验谱线与理论计算得到的合作发光谱进行了对比分析.研究了信号光和放大自发辐射对上转换发光的影响,根据速率方程推导出荧光强度与抽运功率之问的理论关系表达式,同时通过实验获得了荧光强度与抽运功率的关系曲线.     

数字散斑相关方法实现鼠标定位原理

在激光鼠标工作原理的基础上,利用数字散斑相关方法对激光鼠标的定位原理进行了研究。设计实验得到散斑场并用数码相机拍摄。用图像采集卡采集CCD扫描数散斑图像得到的图像,将图像数字化,分析数据得到了图像最优采样的像素单元和图像位移两个参量。基于两个参量,实验采集散斑图像在一定的轨迹运动下的散斑场,用Matlab软件模拟,并比较分析了实验和模拟结果。结果表明,用数字散斑相关方法可以实现激光鼠标的定位功能,并且分辨力可达到1μm,远高于市场上激光鼠标30μm的分辨力。     

Increase of reliability of surface displacement field recovery by optical speckle-displacement correlation technique

The optical speckle-displacement correlation (OSDC) technique was developed to increase the reliability of surface displacement field recovery near stress concentrators. The performance of optical speckle correlators based on joint transform correlator (JTC) architecture and a joint power spectrum (JPS) nonlinear filtering (median thresholding, adaptive median thresholding, ring median thresholding) is studied by using computer models of these correlators. The design of hybrid joint transform speckle correlator is detailed. Example results of correlation signal using computer models of digital speckle correlation and OSDC techniques and created hybrid joint transform speckle correlator setup are described.     

Assessment of speckle-pattern quality in digital image correlation based on gray intensity and speckle morphology

In digital image correlation (DIC), speckle patterns are generated on the surface of a specimen to resolve uniqueness issues. Thus, speckle patterns significantly affect the accuracy of image correlation. To assess the quality of speckle patterns, the standard deviation of gray intensities within each speckle (SDGIS) is introduced as a new metric. On the basis of the cumulative distribution of SDGIS, speckle-pattern quality measurement (ρ) is proposed, which integrates the features of gray intensity and speckle morphology. Twelve speckle patterns are generated by changing the spraying time and nozzle sizes of an airbrush because these are associated with the speckle volume fraction and speckle size, respectively. In addition, three displacement fields are used to investigate the effects of speckle patterns on the accuracy of the DIC results. For the 12 speckle images associated with the three displacement fields, the correlation results demonstrate that the proposed speckle-pattern quality measurement is inversely proportional to the averaged error of the subset method. This is statistically confirmed by evaluating the correlation coefficient and p-value. Furthermore, the error of the subset method is more affected by speckle patterns than the subset size when the subset size is sufficiently large.     

Statistical properties of the dynamic dichromatic laser speckle

The statistical properties of dynamic elongated speckle patterns produced in the far-field diffraction region by a moving diffuse object under illumination of the dichromatic laser beam are experimentally investigated by means of a correlation method. The experimental results show that the correlation length of the normalized autocorrelation function of time-varying dichromatic speckle intensity fluctuations depends strongly on the fibrous radial structure of elongated speckle patterns. The qualitative discussions are given for the experimental results.     

Statistical properties of the phase difference between two interfering speckle fields in speckle interferometry

The statistical properties of the phase difference between the two interfering partially correlated and partially developed speckle fields were studied experimentally as a function of the intensity correlation coefficient. The gaussian statistics are assumed for the formation of speckle fields in the diffraction region and the correlation coefficient between the two speckle intensities is used to evaluate the phase difference. The standard deviation of the phase difference can be uniquely determined in the fully developed speckle field from the correlation coefficient of the two speckle intensities. However, it was found in the partially developed speckle field that the standard deviation of the phase difference between the two speckle fields cannot be uniquely determined from the correlation coefficient of the two speckle intensities.     

基于条纹等值线相关的散斑条纹图处理新方法

在数字散斑干涉术中,通常由物体变形前后得到的两幅原始散斑场用相减方法来得到条纹图,并由相移后的多幅(三幅以上)条纹图来求取相位场。介绍了一种基于条纹等值线相关的条纹图生成新方法,并在此基础上提出了基于单幅干涉条纹图的相位场提取新方法和基于条纹等值线相关的单步相移新方法。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的结果和发展前景。     

数字散斑法在局域剪切带三维变形研究中的应用

在适当的温度、应变率和预变形下,合金材料的拉伸试验中,将会出现伴随应力锯齿形跌落的雪崩式剪切变形带,即波特文-勒夏特利埃(Portevin-Le Chatelier,PLC)效应。利用高速数字摄像系统(分辨力1000 frames/s)并结合数字散斑干涉法(Digital speckle pattern interferometry,DSPI)和数字散斑相关法设计了一套光学变形测量系统,实现了拉伸试验中对试件表面三维变形的实时、精确测量。利用该光学系统对铝铜合金试件在拉伸试验中产生的跳跃传播的局域剪切带瞬态成核过程进行捕捉。通过结合数字散斑相关法得到的面内变形定量结果和数字散斑干涉法得到的表现离面变形的条纹图,再现了剪切变形带成核和传播瞬间的三维变形过程。     

Controlling speckle using lenses and free space

The correlation properties of speckle fields are studied for general paraxial systems. The previous studies on lateral and longitudinal speckle size for the case of free-space propagation (Fresnel transform) are generalized to the case of the linear canonical transform. These results have implications for the control of speckle size, through appropriate design of optical systems, with particular relevance for speckle interferometry.     

激光光斑形状和尺寸对扫描显示中散斑对比度的影响

计算了圆形、矩形激光光斑对于激光扫描显示系统中散斑对比度的影响.对于圆形光斑,当光斑尺寸大于散射表面相关长度时,得到的散斑对比度随着光斑尺寸变小而下降;当光斑尺寸接近表面相关长度大小时,由于光斑中包含的散射颗粒变少,得到的是非高斯散斑,散斑的对比度反而会变大;随着激光斑进一步变小,由于镜面反射效果散斑的对比度会很快下降.对圆形光斑部分结果给出了实验验证.为了保证光斑中有足够的散射颗粒,只在一个方向压窄光斑,分别计算了平行于扫描方向和垂直于扫描方向压窄光斑得到的散斑对比度.平行于扫描方向压窄光斑,散斑的时间相关性会下降,平均效果变明显,散斑的对比度变小;垂直于扫描方向压窄,散斑对比度变化不大.     

Evaluation of the quality of a speckle pattern in the digital image correlation method by mean subset fluctuation

The quality of the speckle pattern used in digital image correlation is studied in this paper using a parameter called mean subset fluctuation. A numerical translation test is performed on four speckle patterns captured from actual experiments. The translated images are analyzed and the results show that the mean bias error of the calculated displacement is linear with the value of the mean subset fluctuation. The results from the numerical calculation illustrate that speckle size and density have an influence on the quality of speckle pattern.