大亚湾核电站周围大气流场监测数据同化分析

在大亚湾核电站周围大气流场分布模拟计算中,引入了一种简化的同化技术,用以解决观测数据在时间、空间上分布不均匀导致的流场预报误差.测试并分析了该同化技术对计算模式和初始场的影响,结果表明该同化方法对模式误差和初始场误差的抑制是显著的.     

A Framework for Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Based on Machine Learning

The initial field has a crucial influence on numerical weather prediction (NWP). Data assimilation (DA) is a reliable method to obtain the initial field of the forecast model. At the same time, data are the carriers of information. Observational data are a concrete representation of information. DA is also the process of sorting observation data, during which entropy gradually decreases. Four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) is the most popular approach. However, due to the complexity of the physical model, the tangent linear and adjoint models, and other processes, the realization of a 4D-Var system is complicated, and the computational efficiency is expensive. Machine learning (ML) is a method of gaining simulation results by training a large amount of data. It achieves remarkable success in various applications, and operational NWP and DA are no exception. In this work, we synthesize insights and techniques from previous studies to design a pure data-driven 4D-Var implementation framework named ML-4DVAR based on the bilinear neural network (BNN). The framework replaces the traditional physical model with the BNN model for prediction. Moreover, it directly makes use of the ML model obtained from the simulation data to implement the primary process of 4D-Var, including the realization of the short-term forecast process and the tangent linear and adjoint models. We test a strong-constraint 4D-Var system with the Lorenz-96 model, and we compared the traditional 4D-Var system with ML-4DVAR. The experimental results demonstrate that the ML-4DVAR framework can achieve better assimilation results and significantly improve computational efficiency.     

(2+1)维光学孤子在饱和非线性介质中的模式特征

从非线性Schrdinger方程出发,应用数学解析的方法,详细讨论了在饱和非线性介质中(2+1)维空间光学孤子存在满足物理意义的自洽解的条件,给出数值计算所需要的边界条件。通过数值计算,给出了基模和一阶模在某一组参数下的部分模式的光场慢变包络、光强度的二维和三维分布的直观图形,以及相应能量(无量纲)。结果表明,孤子的存在不是任意的,而是依赖于一定的能量。当光脉冲能量不足以支持孤子的存在时,其解呈振荡形式,说明不存在孤子解。同时还给出介质的饱和参数、孤子在传播方向上的波矢k对孤子模式的影响等有意义的结论。     

基于数据同化和差分进化算法的图像融合

针对现有融合方法不易根据后续处理目的对融合规则进行自适应调整,不同方法的优点不易综合的问题,提出一个基于数据同化和差分进化算法的图像融合框架.在该框架下,将基于非采样下的Contourlet变换作为模型算子,离散小波变换作为观测算子,可根据后续处理对图像各个属性指标值的依赖程度确定各个属性指标的权重,构造由图像各个属性评价指标的加权和所组成的目标函数,再利用差分进化算法来优化目标函数,从而获取更合适的图像.二组实验从视觉效果和量化指标（标准方差、平均梯度、熵、空间频率及均方根交叉熵）两方面验证了该框架的有效性.     

弹剩余核衰变模式间竞争及其在ALADIN数据中的呈现

首次分析了ALADIN多重碎裂数据(An(600MeV/u)+Cu实验)中呈现的弹剩余核衰变模式相对产额随bound>的变化规律,它和非完全熔合碎裂模型的理论结果定性一致.实验与理论的衰变模式相对产额图、Dalitz图、Campi图以及理论的热力学温度图,都很好地呈现出弹剩余核的衰变模式随bound>的减小而竞争和转换的过程.     

大气湍流波前低阶模式的时间功率谱分析

引入规格化的相位谱,推导了大气湍流波前低阶模式（Ｚ－倾斜和Ｇ－倾斜、离焦、像散以及彗差）的时间功率谱,并就水平大气传输、星体目标观测、空间目标监测等几种情况作了实际的数值计算及分析,此外还给出实验结果,分析结果表明：对于水平大气传输模式,倾斜功率谱曲线的低频阶段的指数下降因子为４／３－６β／１１（β为相位谱空间频率的指数下降因子）,离焦、像散和彗差项的功率谱低频段指数下降因子为０;水平大气传输工作     

TEA CO2激光器输出平顶模按厄米-高斯模的展开

TEA CO2激光器输出光束的能量密度分布一般为平顶型分布.为了给研究和分析TEA CO2激光器输出光束提供一种新的处理方法,采用FGB理论,对实验测量的一台TEA CO2激光器输出的实际平顶型光斑的能量密度分布按厄米-高斯函数进行了展开.根据展开结果,对TEA CO2激光器输出光束的空间分布特性进行了分析与讨论.初步证实了TEA CO2激光器输出光束的能量密度分布可以按厄米-高斯函数展开.     

Invariant Measures of Gaussian Type for 2D Turbulence

Gaussian measures ?? ^??,?? are associated to some stochastic 2D models of turbulence. They are Gibbs measures constructed by means of an invariant quantity of the system depending on some parameter ?? (related to the 2D nature of the fluid) and the viscosity???. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of the global flow for the stochastic viscous system; moreover the measure ?? ^??,?? is invariant for this flow and is the unique invariant measure. Finally, we prove that the deterministic inviscid equation has a ?? ^??,?? -stationary solution (for any ??>0).     

Nonlinear Gap Modes in a 1D Alternating Bond Monatomic Lattice with Anharmonicity

We analytically study the nonlinear localized gap modes in a one-dimensional atomic chain with uniform atomic mass but two periodically alternating force constants between the nearest neighbors by means of a quasi-continuum approximation. This model simulates a row of atoms in the <111> direction of a diamond-structure type of crystals or molecular crystals with alternating double and single bonds. For this lattice system, we find that the harmonic plus quartic anharmonic terms of inter-site potential produce a new type of nonlinear localized gap modes with a slightly asymmetry distribution of atomic displacements. These localized gap modes are somewhat different from widely studied localized gap modes with a symmetry atomic displacement distribution in diatomic ion lattices.     

Ray Modes in Random Gap Systems

A disordered photonic crystal with spectral degeneracies in the form of Dirac nodes is considered. Disorder can create a random gap at the Dirac nodes, which leads to the formation of random edge modes. We study the distribution of these edge modes and find from symmetry considerations that the discrete anisotropy of the photonic crystal is spontaneously broken for the propagation of photons from a local photon source. This effect can be understood as the spontaneous creation of a ray mode or as the creation of a one‐dimensional waveguide in a two‐dimensional photonic crystal through strong random scattering. The phenomenon must be distinguished from Anderson localization of photons in a single band crystal and can be considered as angular localization, since it creates geometric states rather than confining the photons to an area of the size of the localization length. The propagation of the photon intensity is described by a Fokker‐Planck equation, whose drift term is determined by the spectrum of the photonic crystal near the Dirac node.     

螺旋光纤的导模

从波动方程出发，直接在本地坐标系（Ｓｅｒｒｅｔ－Ｆｒｅｎｅｔ框架）中研究了任何各向同性折射率分布的圆形芯弱导螺旋光纤导模的特性，得到两个重要的结论：（１）螺旋光纤的导模只能是右旋或左旋圆偏振模；（２）螺旋光纤不能传输ＴＥ模和ＴＭ模。这两个理论结果和已知的实验结果很好地一致。     

Quasinormal Modes of Charged Dilaton Black Holes in 2 + 1 Dimensions

We have studied the scalar perturbation of static charged dilaton black holes in 2 + 1 dimensions. The black hole considered here is a solution to the low-energy string theory in 2 + 1 dimensions. It is asymptotic to the anti-de Sitter space. The exact values of quasinormal modes for the scalar perturbations are calculated. For both the charged and uncharged cases, the quasinormal frequencies are pure-imaginary leading to purely damped modes for the perturbations.     

New data assimilation system DNDAS for high-dimensional models

The tangent linear(TL) models and adjoint(AD) models have brought great difficulties for the development of variational data assimilation system. It might be impossible to develop them perfectly without great efforts, either by hand, or by automatic differentiation tools. In order to break these limitations, a new data assimilation system, dual-number data assimilation system(DNDAS), is designed based on the dual-number automatic differentiation principles. We investigate the performance of DNDAS with two different optimization schemes and subsequently give a discussion on whether DNDAS is appropriate for high-dimensional forecast models. The new data assimilation system can avoid the complicated reverse integration of the adjoint model, and it only needs the forward integration in the dual-number space to obtain the cost function and its gradient vector concurrently. To verify the correctness and effectiveness of DNDAS, we implemented DNDAS on a simple ordinary differential model and the Lorenz-63 model with different optimization methods. We then concentrate on the adaptability of DNDAS to the Lorenz-96 model with high-dimensional state variables. The results indicate that whether the system is simple or nonlinear, DNDAS can accurately reconstruct the initial condition for the forecast model and has a strong anti-noise characteristic. Given adequate computing resource, the quasi-Newton optimization method performs better than the conjugate gradient method in DNDAS.     

左手介质矩形波导导模和表面模的场分布

从麦克斯韦方程组出发,结合电磁场的边界条件,推导出介质矩形波导导模的一般色散方程.对普通介质矩形波导和左手介质矩形波导的导模场分布分别进行了数值模拟.通过对比两种介质矩形波导的导模场分布的模拟结果,发现左手介质矩形波导Ex22模的场分布比普通介质波导Ex00模的场更集中在波导中部.同时,根据处理普通介质矩形波导的Marcatili方法.类比得到左手介质矩形波导表面模的色散方程,并数值模拟了低阶模的场分布,结果表明,能量主要集中在波导的四个角区以及波导的边缘.     

Modes splitting in graphene-based double-barrier waveguides

The graphene-based double-barrier waveguides induced by electric field have been investigated. The guided modes can only exist in the case of Klein tunneling, and the fundamental mode is absent. The guided modes in the single-barrier waveguide split into symmetric and antisymmetric modes with different incident angles in the double-barrier waveguide.The phase difference between electron states and hole states is also discussed. The phase difference for the two splitting modes is close to each other and increases with the order of guided modes. These phenomena can be helpful for the potential applications in graphene-based optoelectronic devices.     

Determining finite volume elements for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations

We consider the 2D Navier-Stokes equations on a square with periodic boundary conditions. Dividing the square into N equal subsquares, we show that if the asymptotic behavior of the average of solutions on these subsquares (finite volume elements) is known, then the large time behavior of the solution itself is completely determined, provided N is large enough. We also establish a rigorous upper bound for N needed to determine the solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation in terms of the physical parameters of the problem.     

Dispersion of Flexural Modes in Soft 2D Lattices

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - We have constructed a consistent theory of flexural phonon mode spectra of simple 2D crystal lattice. Analytic expressions have been obtained for...     

Turbulence investigations during ergodic divertor operation with induced 2/1 tearing mode

Within the last year of TEXTOR operation a major part of the experiments were dedicated to the interaction of the ergodized plasma edge, induced by the dynamic ergodic divertor (DED), with the core plasma. Systematic experiments are performed in the 3/1 configuration of the DED. Depending on , the DED generates a locked 2/1 mode in the plasma at a critical current in the DED coils. Different diagnostics were used to measure the plasma response in the core and edge. The investigations in this paper are focused on the measurement of density fluctuation and the analysis of the coherent-mode structure outside the q = 2 surface using O-mode poloidal correlation reflectometry. A reduction of the quasi-coherent mode amplitude and frequency is observed, caused by the 2/1 mode together with a decrease of the density scale length. Moreover, the deduced poloidal rotation velocity at the q = 3 surface changes from the electron to the ion diamagnetic drift direction with the onset of the 2/1 island. Also a reduction of the density fluctuations is observed as well as a decrease in the poloidal correlation length. From Ar-injection a delayed inward propagation of the emission maximum is observed for different Ar ionization stages when the 2/1 mode is generated.Similar experiments with a slowly rotating DED show that the steepened density gradients are spatially localized and confirm the hypothesis that the 2/1 mode is responsible for the observations.Presented at the Workshop Electric Fields Structures and Relaxation in Edge Plasmas, Nice, France, October 26–27, 2004.     

Normal Modes for Massive Spin 1 Equation in Robertson–Walker Space-Time

The general scheme of the massive spin-1 equation in curved space-time with associated conserved current is considered. A properly covariant scalar product between solutions of the spin-1 equation is defined in a standard way by means of the conservation of the current. The scheme is specialized to the Robertson–Walker space-time where solutions of the spin-1 equation have been previously determined. There results, in case of flat Robertson–Walker space-time, the automatic ortho-normalization property of the solutions, that therefore represent a set of normal modes.