流动注射-鲁米诺-铁氰化钾反应体系化学发光法测定依诺沙星

试验发现依诺沙星对鲁米诺与铁氰化钾之间的化学发光反应具有显著的增敏作用,而且当依诺沙星浓度在2.0×10-8～2.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内,与相应的化学发光增强信号值(△I)之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S)为5.7×10-9mol·L-1,取1.0 × 10-6mol·L-1依诺沙星按试验方法测定11次,算得其相对标准偏差为1.75%.结合应用流动注射技术,提出了流动注射-化学发光法(FI-CL)测定药片中依诺沙星的方法,应用此方法分析了3个依诺沙星片剂试样,所测得的结果与其标示值相符.按标准加入法作了回收率试验,所得结果在96.7%～103.0%之间.     

银(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺体系流动注射法测定醋酸泼尼松

在碱性环境下,银(Ⅲ)配合物可与鲁米诺产生化学发光,醋酸泼尼松对该发光体系具有显著的增敏作用,据此提出了流动注射银(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定醋酸泼尼松含量的方法。优化的试验条件如下:1鲁米诺溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为0.6mol·L-1;2鲁米诺溶液的浓度为8.0×10-7 mol·L-1;3银(Ⅲ)配合物溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为1.7mol·L-1;4银(Ⅲ)配合物溶液的浓度为5.0×10-5 mol·L-1。醋酸泼尼松的线性范围为6.0×10-8~8.0×10-5 mol·L-1,方法的检出限(3s/k)为2.9×10-9 mol·L-1。对1.0×10-6 mol·L-1醋酸泼尼松标准溶液连续测定11次,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.9%。加标回收率在100%~105%之间。     

CdS量子点-高锰酸钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定对乙酰氨基酚

基于对乙酰氨基酚在碱性介质下对CdS量子点-高锰酸钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系强烈的抑制作用,建立了对乙酰氨基酚的流动注射化学发光测定方法。通过正交试验优化的测试条件为:5.0×10-3 mol·L-1 NaOH、1.0×10-5 mol·L-1 KMnO4、6.0×10-4 mol·L-1CdS量子点、5.0×10-4 mol·L-1鲁米诺、样品(标准品或水)的体积比为1∶1∶4∶2∶1;方法对对乙酰氨基酚的线性范围为1.0×10-8~1.0×10-4 mol·L-1,相关系数R为0.9991,检出限为6.0×10-10 mol·L-1;对1.0×10-6 mol·L-1的对乙酰氨基酚溶液平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%。该方法可应用于药物中对乙酰氨基酚含量的测定。     

流动注射-化学发光法测定咖啡酸

基于在酸性条件下,咖啡酸能增强高锰酸钾-罗丹明6G体系的化学发光强度,提出了测定咖啡酸的流动注射-化学发光法。在优化的试验条件下,咖啡酸的发光强度的增加值与其浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.4×10-8mol.L-1。方法用于咖啡酸片中咖啡酸含量的测定,回收率在98.0%～104.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)为3.0%。     

毛细管电泳-电化学发光法测定盐酸曲马多制剂及血浆中曲马多

采用毛细管电泳结合柱末电化学发光检测器提出了测定盐酸曲马多制剂及血浆中曲马多含量的方法。检测的原理系基于曲马多分子中的叔氨基对在pH9的磷酸盐缓冲介质中钌联吡啶络离子[Ru(Bpy)23+]与溶解氧在铂盘工作电极上反应的电化学发光的增强作用。对毛细管电泳及电化学发光检测的试验条件进行了优化。在优化的试验条件下,制剂中曲马多在1.0×10-8～7.0×10-6mol.L-1,血浆中曲马多在2.0×10-7～6.0×10-6mol.L-1范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)分别为7.0×10-9mol.L-1和1.0×10-7mol.L-1。采用该方法对盐酸曲马多制剂和血浆中曲马多的浓度分别进行了测定,所得平均回收率分别为98.9%和89.9%。     

Ru(bipy)2+3-CO2-3-SO2-3-KClO3体系化学发光法测定空气中的二氧化硫

提出了Ru(bipy) 2+ 3-CO 2- 3-SO 2- 3-KClO 3体系化学发光法测定溶液中亚硫酸盐的方法.SO 2- 3浓度与化学发光强度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-4 mol/L 范围内成正比,检出限为8.76×10-8 mol/L,对1.0×10-4 mol/L SO2-3溶液6次测定的相对标准偏差为2.9%.该法用三乙醇胺作为吸收液,成功地用于测定空气中二氧化硫的含量,结果满意.     

普鲁士兰修饰碳黑微电极同时微分伏安法测定多巴胺和坑坏血酸

将含有1.0%普鲁士蓝的碳黑与固体石蜡按2.5∶1(质量比)混合后装入φ0.2mm的石英毛细管中,在其上端插入一铂丝并抛光后即制成普鲁士蓝修饰碳黑微电极.对多巴胺(DA)及抗坏血酸(VC)在此电极上的电化学行为及应用此电极测定两组分的最佳条件进行了研究,在定量测定中采用二次微分线性扫描伏安法.在最佳条件下,DA与VC的峰电流(i″p)分别与各自的浓度保持如下线性关系:DA为4.0×10-6～8.0×10-4mol·L-1,VC为6.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol·L-1;检出限(3σ)依次为2.0×10-6mol·L-1及1.0×10-5mol·L-1.应用此方法分析了3种含DA及VC的混合溶液,测得结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)依次小于2.0%及3.0%,回收率范围依次为96.5%～101.0%及95.0%～102.5%.     

杯[4]芳烃化学修饰玻碳电极对多巴胺的测定

研究了多巴胺在杯[4]芳烃化学修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种直接测定多巴胺的电化学方法.在0.1 mol·L-1KH2PO4-Na2HPO4(pH 7.4)底液中,开路搅拌富集300 s后,多巴胺在+0.158 V(vs SCE)处产生1个灵敏的准可逆氧化峰,电极反应主要受扩散控制,氧化峰电流Ip与多巴胺浓度在1.0×10-6 ～5.0×10-4 mol·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限达7.0×10-7 mol·L-1.同一支电极连续10次测定1.0×10-4 mol·L-1的多巴胺溶液,相对标准偏差为2.6%.该法用于盐酸多巴胺针剂中多巴胺含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

银(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺体系流动注射法测定醋酸泼尼松北大核心CSCD

在碱性环境下,银（Ⅲ）配合物可与鲁米诺产生化学发光,醋酸泼尼松对该发光体系具有显著的增敏作用,据此提出了流动注射银（Ⅲ）配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定醋酸泼尼松含量的方法。优化的试验条件如下：1鲁米诺溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为0.6mol·L-1;2鲁米诺溶液的浓度为8.0×10-7 mol·L-1;3银（Ⅲ）配合物溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为1.7mol·L-1;4银（Ⅲ）配合物溶液的浓度为5.0×10-5 mol·L-1。醋酸泼尼松的线性范围为6.0×10-8~8.0×10-5 mol·L-1,方法的检出限（3s/k）为2.9×10-9 mol·L-1。对1.0×10-6 mol·L-1醋酸泼尼松标准溶液连续测定11次,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.9%。加标回收率在100%~105%之间。     

利用对三溴偶氮胂-锆（Ⅳ）络合物的置换反应光度法测定草酸

在0.20 mol.L-1盐酸介质中,锆(Ⅳ)与三溴偶氮胂形成1:1蓝紫色络合物,加入草酸可置换络合物中的三溴偶氮胂,使显色溶液的吸光度升高,草酸的浓度与吸光度升高值成正比.在506 nm波长处,草酸浓度在1.0×10-4～6.5×10-4mol.L-1范围内遵守比耳定律.方法的表观摩尔吸光率ε506nm:1.23×10.L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为0.074 mg·L-1.方法已直接用于地下水以及西红柿样品中草酸含量的测定,所得结果与文献[7]的方法结果相符.测定值的相对标准偏差(n=13)均小于2%,所测得的回收率在95.7%～103.9%之间.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。