高频宽带随机激励下的结构减振

本文运用能量观点,利用统计能量分析法的基本结论,对受高频宽带随机激励的结构,按不同要求,提出了两种不同的振动控制理论。从理论上阐明了结构的高频宽带随机振动水平与输入功率、结构的损耗因子、耦合损耗因子等的关系;得出了合理控制输入功率的大小、作用部位及损耗因子的大小、分配方式可降低结构振动的结论;发现了根据各分系统单个模态平均储存能量及损耗因子的大小,合理改变各分系统间的耦合损耗因子可控制结构振动的一般规律;给出了几种不同的结构减振措施;提出了不同于常规隔振式高频宽带结构减振。实验表明,上述分析及结论是正确的。     

基于模态叠加法的航空发动机轮盘振动特性研究

以某型航空发动机轮盘为研究对象,分别通过数值模拟和试验测试获得结构特定振型下的模态参数;提出采用模态置信度开展模态振型的相关度评价;基于模态叠加法开展轮盘结构谐响应分析,并通过理论推导和数值仿真开展结构阻尼和激励量值对振动响应的影响规律研究。结果表明,在轮盘结构三节径振型处,共振频率计算结果与测试结果相差1.7%,验证了模态测试的正确性。模态振型置信度为0.999,说明模态测试与仿真结果吻合较好。通过谐响应分析得到轮盘最危险点的幅频曲线,并基于数值仿真验证了轮盘结构振动响应幅值与模态阻尼呈反比、与激励量值呈正比的理论推导的正确性。     

高频噪声激励下复合材料层合板传声损失研究

为研究复合材料层合板在高频噪声激励下的传声损失,首先基于一般层合板理论将层合板等效为单层各向异性板,进而基于SEA方法建立等效单层板传声损失模型,并计算模态密度、耦合损耗因子等重要输入参数,通过实验获取内损耗因子,最终计算其传声损失并和实验结果对比分析.研究结果表明:传声损失预测结果和实验值分布趋势基本一致,但由于SE...     

硅微谐振加速度计的模态分析与实验

针对硅微谐振加速度计在进行结构设计时,如何根据模态特性选取工作模态这一问题,比较分析了加速度计工作在两种不同振动模态下的性能参数。首先采用刚度法分析了谐振器的振动特性,得出能够反映谐振器振动状态的两种模态即同相振动模态和反相振动模态,结合理论推导和仿真结果得出两种振动模态下谐振频率差值与标度因数差值呈线性关系;其次通过分析两种振动模态下的能量分布情况,得出两种振动模态下谐振器的品质因数与振梁振动幅值之间的关系,同相模态振动一个周期所消耗能量约为反相模态所消耗能量的2倍;最后通过评估硅微谐振加速度计的噪声,阐明了两种振动模态下部分噪声分量不同的原因并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,在相同驱动电压下,同相模态相比反相模态总体噪声增大25.7%。该研究为设计硅微谐振式加速度计时,确定谐振器的振动模态及驱动方案提供了参考依据。     

基于遗传算法的约束阻尼梁减振优化分析

约束阻尼结构能有效减振, 但会增加结构的质量和体积, 基于此有必要对其 结构进行优化. 本文应用有限元软件ANSYS建立增设支撑层的约束阻尼梁模型, 根据模态应 变能原理提取约束阻尼梁的模态损耗因子, 并建立以阻尼段长度、约束层厚度、支撑层厚度、 阻尼段数目为设计变量的目标函数, 利用MATLAB多目标遗传算法进行优化运算. 计算结果表 明, 优化后的约束阻尼结构能够在引入质量较小情况下有效减小梁振动幅度, 使振动在较短 的时间内衰减.     

变质量密度简支梁横向振动的模态局部化

结构动力学领域的模态局部化现象最早由Hodges发现，主要发生在周期结构中．例如螺旋桨之类的循环对称结构、连续梁以及通信天线等大型空间桁架结构。发生摸态局部化现象时．振动能量集中于结构局部，容易造成结构破坏。实际上．模态局部化现象已经造成了一些损害．特别是在航宅航天领域。目前研究模态局部化现象时主要采用简单模型，例如周期分布的弹簧质量系统、均匀连续粱，O．O．Bendiksen研究了密度周期分布杆的纵向和扭转振动，求解了该问题的控制方程Mauthieu方程。本文基于Floquet解用Fourier级数法求解了变质量密度简支梁的横向振动问题，得到了固有频率和模态、并观察到了固有频率分组现象和模态局部化现象。求解特征值问题的过程中应用了连分式技术，有效的提高了计算精度。     

桥梁节段模型气弹振动的非线性判别方法研究

在ERA(Eigensystem Realization Algorithm)的理论框架内建立了误差因子,评估桥梁节段模型风洞实验中气动导数的辨识质量。通过子空间能量分解,分别计算辨识过程中有效识别信号成分能量和未被识别信号成分能量与总信号能量的比值,并以此构造误差因子。将相同实验环境下自由衰减振动和尾流激励随机振动两组实验的误差因子相互比对,判断桥梁节段模型的气弹振动非线性是否对气动导数辨识结果产生影响。依据误差因子判断,在本文所使用的两种节段模型中,部分流线型箱梁断面具有较强的耦合非线性;而槽形开口型断面的模型具有较低的耦合非线性。     

玻璃纤维、碳纤维复合材料的阻尼性能分析

对复合材料的阻尼性能进行分析和有效预报能够实现对结构振动冲击、噪声、疲劳破坏的有效控制,有着非常重要的工程实际意义。本文采用悬臂梁法对玻璃纤维和碳纤维复合材料进行阻尼测试;同时用Adams-Bacon法和Ni-Adams法对实验结果进行了分析。结果发现:玻璃纤维、碳纤维复合材料的损耗因子峰值均出现在纤维角度30°附近;载荷低频段时材料的阻尼性能优于高频段时的阻尼性能。     

磁橡胶约束阻尼壳的宽频振动控制能力研究

不同于传统被动约束阻尼处理(PCLD),磁橡胶约束阻尼处理(MRLD)采用磁化的铁-橡胶混合粉末替代PCLD的粘弹性材料,不是通过粘结而是磁力吸附在钢制振动体上,在振动时交界面处发生滑移使部分能量转化为热能,从而降低振动.采用假设模态法计算PCLD的频率响应,再基于周期耗能相等原理.将MRID与PCLD等价,得到MRLD壳的模态损耗因子,研究了MRLD处理对简支壳阻尼的影响.分析结果表明:对于1000～3365Hz间前11阶模态频率的MRLD壳振动,当激振力低于16～20倍的起滑激励力F0时,MRLD均可获得比PCLD更好的阻尼;但各模态的F0的差异仅在3～4倍内;因此在前11阶模态频率范围内,激振力可以存在一个交集,在此交集内可同时引起各阶模态的阻尼层发生滑移,从而能控制壳的宽频振动.     

硅微阵列陀螺仪的模态分析与实验

考虑四质量硅微阵列陀螺仪的模态定阶,采用模态分析法和能量法建立模态分析模型,研究了驱动和检测模态的固有频率和振型。首先,利用集总参数模型和拉格朗日方程建立系统运动方程,分析了无阻尼振动的谐振频率和模态;其次,基于能量法推导了驱动梁和检测梁的等效刚度,得到模态分析的理论模型公式,并利用有限元仿真对理论模型进行了验证;最后,对实验样机进行了模态测试。实验结果表明:驱动模态理论分析结果与仿真结果的最大误差为2.4%,检测模态的最大误差为3.9%;样机测试实验中各模态振型与理论分析结果基本一致。与传统的依赖于经验和繁琐仿真迭代的陀螺仪结构设计不同,模态分析理论模型可减少迭代次数,加快设计进程,为陀螺仪的设计优化提供理论指导。     

分布振子复合板的模态阻尼及多点激励下阻尼减振相关性

分布阻尼振子可拓宽结构减振频带,因此可将振子分布于板中以形成复合板（简称“分布振子复合板”）,进而实现较宽的减振频带．对于多点支撑处受到宽频非一致激励（例如在不同激励点处的激励频率、幅值与相位有差异）的分布振子复合板,目前还缺乏有效简便的优化控制指标．在作者之前的研究中,针对含分布振子的梁推导了基于模态应变能的模态阻尼计算理论,讨论了模态阻尼与单点激励下梁的减振效果的相关性,并应用于宽频减振设计优化．本文进一步将模态阻尼计算理论推广到分布振子复合板,并将研究从梁的单点激励扩展到板的多点非一致激励下的阻尼减振相关性．首先,在利用模态应变能法推导得到分布振子复合板的模态阻尼计算公式后,从理论上讨论了不同边界条件与模态阶次对计算结果的影响,以及计算理论的适用性．而后,进一步通过有限元参数分析了边界条件、频率比、模态阶次与质量比的影响．最后,通过算例分析了无振子板或分布振子复合板在四个激励点具有多种幅值与相位组合情况下的稳态响应．结果表明,推导的模态阻尼计算公式可正确预测不同边界条件下的模态阻尼,且理论预测的模态阻尼与基板的稳态平均加速度减小率、稳态峰值应变能减小率均有较高的相关性．     

Measurement of mechanical vibration damping in orthotropic,composite and isotropic plates based on a continuous system analysis

The problem of free and forced transverse vibration of an orthotropic, composite, and isotropic thin square plates with uniformly distributed damping and simply supported boundary conditions has been solved, using a modal expansion technique. A load of the type P₀cosΩt applied at the center of plate has been considered and the phase angle between the forcing function and the vibration response at the center, as a function of the forcing frequency and the damping parameter determined. This theoretical relationship together with the experimentally measured phase angle between the applied mechanical forcing and the resulting vibration response at various forcing frequencies was used to determine an equivalent viscous damping parameter. This technique has been found to be particularly useful for the measurement and comparison of the relative damping in composite or orthotropic materials. Also, a theoretical relation for the energy loss due to viscous damping in vibrating plates has been developed and the theoretical energy loss at various frequencies has been compared with the experimentally measured energy loss at the same frequencies. Typical damping results are presented for aluminum, steel and aluminum/graphite-fiber composite materials.     

考虑非局部效应的双层纳米板的磁弹性随机振动

研究了四边简支双层纳米板在外加磁场的作用下的磁弹性随机振动问题.基于非局部弹性理论和板壳磁弹性理论建立了系统的磁弹性随机振动方程.通过模态分析法对其进行位移响应分析,得到了通入平稳随机电流时双层纳米板位移响应均值、功率谱密度函数等数字特征.在此基础上,分析了非局部参数、磁场强度、板厚比等对功率谱密度的影响.结果表明,非局部参数、磁场强度、板厚比等因素的变化会影响系统的振动能量变化及振动响应带宽分布.     

随机激励下受热翼面的模态频率特性试验研究

现代高速飞行器结构热模态频率特性试验研究,对这类飞行器设计校核和飞行安全具有重要意义。根据飞行过程中遭受的气动加热特性设计了瞬态热环境模拟系统,同时,根据高温环境的特点对测试中的激励和测量方式进行了重新设计,成功地将普通激振器应用于高温结构模态试验,最终将热环境模拟系统与振动测试系统组合,形成一套考虑瞬态热影响的热模态试验系统,实现了瞬态热环境下结构模态的地面测试。对一个切尖三角翼测量了各个加热区的温度随加热时间的变化,验证了加热温度控制的精确性;在纯随机激励下对测得的激励和振动响应信号采用短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transformation,STFT)进行时变模态参数辨识,获得了前四阶模态频率随加热时间的变化,并与结构有限元数值计算结果进行了比较,试验与计算结果吻合得很好,验证了该试验方法对热模态测试问题的有效性和准确性。通过分别对瞬态和稳态热环境下结构模态频率试验和计算结果的分析,探讨了结构瞬态温度场对模态频率影响的机理,揭示了结构内部存在的热应力和材料属性的变化,是决定模态频率随加热时间变化趋势的内在原因。     

Primary resonance of traveling viscoelastic beam under internal resonance

Under the 3:1 internal resonance condition,the steady-state periodic response of the forced vibration of a traveling viscoelastic beam is studied.The viscoelastic behaviors of the traveling beam are described by the standard linear solid model,and the material time derivative is adopted in the viscoelastic constitutive relation.The direct multi-scale method is used to derive the relationships between the excitation frequency and the response amplitudes.For the first time,the real modal functions are employed to analytically investigate the periodic response of the axially traveling beam.The undetermined coefficient method is used to approximately establish the real modal functions.The approximate analytical results are confirmed by the Galerkin truncation.Numerical examples are presented to highlight the effects of the viscoelastic behaviors on the steady-state periodic responses.To illustrate the effect of the internal resonance,the energy transfer between the internal resonance modes and the saturation-like phenomena in the steady-state responses is presented.     

Global and local behaviour based composite damping studies on thin-walled box structure

The local (plate)/global (beam) vibration and damping behavior of composite thin-walled box member subjected to vibratory environment are studied and presented in this paper. This investigation is carried out by the use of 3D beam and thin plate finite elements and the corresponding modal frequencies/damping values of composite box beam are predicted by modal strain energy method. Application examples illustrate the ability of the 3D beam and thin plate element to predict both local and global modal frequencies/damping of hollow box sections. The influence of L/h ratio, b/h ratio and ply angle on the frequency and loss factor of composite box beam is investigated. In addition, an attempt has also been made to investigate the effect of temperature on the composite damping characteristics of rectangular box type section.     

Exploiting internal resonance for vibration suppression and energy harvesting from structures using an inner mounted oscillator

The flexural vibration of a symmetrically laminated composite cantilever beam carrying a sliding mass under harmonic base excitations is investigated. An internally mounted oscillator constrained to move along the beam is employed in order to fulfill a multi-task that consists of both attenuating the beam vibrations in a resonance status and harvesting this residual energy as a complementary subtask. The set of nonlinear partial differential equations of motion derived by Hamilton’s principle are reduced and semi-analytically solved by the successive application of Galerkin’s and the multiple-scales perturbation methods. It is shown that by properly tuning the natural frequencies of the system, internal resonance condition can be achieved. Stability of fixed points and bifurcation of steady-state solutions are studied for internal and external resonances status. It results that transfer of energy or modal saturation phenomenon occurs between vibrational modes of the beam and the sliding mass motion through fulfilling an internal resonance condition. This study also reveals that absorbers can be successfully implemented inside structures without affecting their functionality and encumbering additional space but can also be designed to convert transverse vibrations into internal longitudinal oscillations exploitable in a straightforward manner to produce electrical energy.     

FSDD运行模态参数识别方法中不确定性的计算

运行模态参数识别是一种只利用响应数据进行模态分析的方法。环境激励条件下获得的识别结果会存在随机不确定性,这种不确定程度可以通过模态参数的统计特性进行描述评价。以运行模态分析中的频域空间域分解方法（FSDD）为研究对象,通过对整个模态识别算法进行摄动分析,确定出模态参数对测量误差的灵敏度,实现了模态参数方差的计算。计算过程分为四步：第一步,响应信号功率谱矩阵中噪声方差的估计;第二步,增强功率谱方差的计算;第三步,极点协方差的计算;第四步,模态参数方差的计算。最后通过一个4自由度仿真算例与张家港桥梁实测算例对所给出的方法进行了验证与应用。     

Vibration reduction evaluation of a linear system with a nonlinear energy sink under a harmonic and random excitation

The nonlinear behaviors and vibration reduction of a linear system with a nonlinear energy sink(NES) are investigated. The linear system is excited by a harmonic and random base excitation, consisting of a mass block, a linear spring, and a linear viscous damper. The NES is composed of a mass block, a linear viscous damper, and a spring with ideal cubic nonlinear stiffness. Based on the generalized harmonic function method,the steady-state Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation is presented to reveal...     

Modal analysis of cantilever plate flutter

This study illustrates the mechanism of modal coupling in cantilever plate flutter using the full Theodorsen airfoil theory within the linear framework. An accurate, pseudo-spectral method is employed to calculate the fluid loading and the eigenvalue problem is solved numerically following the Galerkin procedure. For plates with a structure-to-fluid mass ratio around unity, the first two in vacuo modes are dominant and the Kutta condition at the trailing edge plays a central role in the flutter mechanism. The fluid loading induced by the first mode excites significant second and higher order modes. The fluid loading on the second mode is coupled strongly with the structural vibration velocity of the first mode, which is identified as the main mechanism of energy transfer from flow to plate. It is demonstrated that the response of the second mode is suppressed and the plate is stabilized when a concentrated mass is added near the middle of the plate length. Theoretical prediction is supported by experimental data although the latter is affected by many practical factors that are difficult to model precisely.