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初中物理:“水的热膨胀的特点”的演示在我数年的教学中一直没有做过,这主要是因为:当堂演示太费时间又和讲课配合不好,如让学生等着看实验结果,则大部同学感到索然无味,如不等结果而先讲其他内容,则又打乱了课堂的系统性。加以有些学校根本没有水的最大密度演示器,因之过去讲这一节时,往往只用挂图一讲了事。但后来在物理通报上看到一些老师对这个演示采取了各种不同的方法,从而取得了较好的成绩。为了提高教学质量,我把通报上前后所介绍的几种方法都做了几遍,从不断变换着的操作中给了我新的启示,我又用了 相似文献
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气体的压强与体积的关系的实验设计陈银潭(江苏兴化市合塔中学225742)实验目的探索气体的压强与体积的关系.方法一实验器材50ml玻璃注射器一只,彩色橡皮膜一块(或小气球).器材装置(图1)图1实验步骤h用橡皮膜做成直径约Zem的小气球,扎紧口后放人... 相似文献
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A homogeneous neuron-like medium with close nonlocal coupling between the positive center and the negative surroundings is used for image processing. The input image is transformed into a stationary structure dependent on the form of the coupling function and the type of the element's response to external action. Using the idea of plausible activity structures, we can determine the model parameters needed to extract the features of the medium such as the contour, the lines of definite direction, the ends of lines, the central axes of the image, the negative, the points of intersection of lines, the texture boundaries, and the objects of definite scale as well as the parameters that permit reconstruction of broken lines, smoothing of lines, automatic determination of image scales, and binarization of the initial image by a medium with a tunable coupling function.Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 1053–1061, August, 1994. 相似文献
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N. Baljinnyam M. V. Frontasyeva Yu. V. Aleksiayenak 《Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters》2014,11(2):199-208
Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in samples of bottom sediments of the inflows of the Selenga river basin to assess the impact of the contamination from the industrial complex Erdenet and other industrial enterprises in Mongolia. A total of 42 elements (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Th, and U) was determined by combination of conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis at the IBR-2 reactor, FLNP JINR, Dubna. For the first time such a large set of elements was used for characterization of the bottom sediments as accumulating media which may reflect industrial contamination of the water basin. The concentrations of heavy metals and other trace elements in the samples from three inflows of the Selenga river basin were compared with data from the previous studies. It was shown that the industrial zone of the Erdenet Mining Corporation (EMC) and gold mining zone Zaamar are the sources of strong environmental contamination. The concentrations of Cu and Sb determined in sediment samples of the River Khangal and Govil near the EMC exceed average crustal rock and soil values by factors of 50 and 15, respectively. In the area of the gold mining zone Zaamar concentrations of Au, As, and Sb exceed crustal rock and soil values by factors of 4, 25, and 6, respectively. The relatively high levels of As, V, Zn, V, and Sr in the sediments of the studied rivers are obviously due to the discharges of untreated wastewater of desalination plant, electrical power station, textile industry and mining activities as well as domestic wastewater. 相似文献
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In the specialized literature, two previous studies [S. Zhao, G.S.P. Castle, K. Adamiac, The effect of space charge on the performance of an electrostatic induction charging spray nozzle, J. Electrostat., 63 (2005) 261–272; S. Zhao, G.S.P. Castle, K. Adamiac, Comparison of conduction and induction charging in liquid spraying, J. Electrostat., 63 (6–10) (2005) 871–876] aim to clarify, by theoretical and experimental means, the following aspects concerning the charge through conduction and induction: charging mechanism, distribution of electrical field, conversion of energy and effect of spatial charge. This paper presents the energetic balance of the two systems, namely induction and conduction charge systems, with the purpose of establishing the quantitative energetic aspects of the phenomena that take place and, most of all, establishing the contribution to the energetic value of the drops that end up on the target and come from the high voltage source supplying power to the system and from the air flow that contributes to spraying and transporting particles to the target. At the same time, the energetic balance of a device which uses electrostatic induction for measuring electrical field intensity and high voltage is presented for exemplification. The device scheme, the way of functioning, the equivalent electrical schemes and the expression of the electrical current generated by the device as a consequence of the electrostatic induction are presented, and it is demonstrated that the electrical energy of the generated current does not result from the energy stored in the electrical field which is being measured, respectively of the one generating the electrostatic induction, but from the mechanical energy, by conversion, consumed by the motor which sets in motion the mobile part of this device. 相似文献
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V. A. Tolkachev 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》1998,65(5):643-658
A number of phenomena that determine the nature of the fluorescence of free complex molecules and the possibility of its analytical
application are considered. Attention is specially paid to the specific features of the energetics of radiationless transitions,
the role of statistical factors in the formation of spectral properties and the interrelationship among the luminescence-spectrum
characteristics of rarefied vapors of complicated molecules, and the processes of energy transfer in collisions. The properties
of polarized fluorescence of hot and jet-cooled vapors, the processes of relaxation of anisotropy in time and during collision
reorientation, and transfer of anisotropy in photodisintegration are analyzed.
Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus.
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 620–634, September–October, 1998. 相似文献
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An investigation has been made of the electrical and adhesional properties, thermal stability, brazeability, and structure of vacuum-deposited films of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, and a copper-based alloy containing 2.45 wt.% Cr, 4.89 wt.% Al. It was shown that the resistivity of pure metal films is greater than that of the original massive sample. The resistivity of films based on the alloy of the investigated composition is less than that of the original material. The introduction into the original alloy of Cr and Al as alloying elements facilitates reduction of the grain size D and of the height H of the surface microirregularities of the films by comparison with the same parameters for copper-based thin films. Alloying of the original alloy with chromium and aluminum makes possible a substantial improvement in the adhesion of the films to the plastic-laminate substrate and increase in the thermal stability of the alloy-based film elements. Recommendations are made for the practical application of the results.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 52–56, August, 1971.In conclusion, the authors wish to express their gratitude to colleagues at the A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy, to Professor A. M. Korol'kov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, and to Junior Scientific Officer E. V. Lysova, for their help given in the execution of this work. 相似文献
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Yu. A. Dryagin 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》1998,41(11):935-948
The last few decades saw considerable progress in the methods of reception of radio signals, in particular, in the short-wave
part of millimeter wave range. Along with this, or, perhaps, owing to this, some views, concepts, and definitions in the theory
of detection and mixing were changed. Consequently, for example, the concepts and the corresponding apparatus developed in
the 1950s need at present certain corrections. Below we propose a nonstandard consideration of the detection and mixing processes
on the basis of consistent observance of the principle of information theory on the energy character of signal reception and
using the time-domain approach when describing the operation of superheterodyne converters.
To my teacher in practical radiophysics, professor Izrail’ Lazarevich Bershtein with gratitude.
Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh
Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 1378–1398, November, 1998. 相似文献
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孔隙是等离子喷涂涂层原生性结构, 对涂层的耐磨损、耐腐蚀、耐高温等性能具有显著影响, 是涂层参数优化的重要指标之一. 因此, 对涂层孔隙结构特征参数的全面表征对于更加精确地评价涂层质量具有重要意义. 本文将概率统计方法、分形方法与数字图像分析技术相结合, 研究了等离子喷涂涂层原生性孔隙数量、形态、尺寸及其分布等结构特征参数表征方法及孔隙的成形机理. 首先通过改变喷涂功率得到不同孔隙状态的Fe基合金涂层, 随后采用数字图像分析技术对涂层截面孔隙的扫描电子显微形貌图进行处理, 最后通过Weibull统计模型分析了孔隙周长及面积的尺寸分布特征, 并利用基于分形思想的面积-周长幂率研究了孔隙不规则形态的定量表征方法. 在实验过程中, 为了分析涂层孔隙的成形机理, 采用Spraywatch在线监测喷涂粒子的飞行状态. 结果表明: 分形维数能够表征孔隙的不规则形态, 分形维数越大, 孔隙面积越大或边界形态越复杂, 并且其与孔隙的成形机理之间存在良好的映射关系; 孔隙面积及周长的尺寸分布均服从明显的两项Weibull分布特征, 孔隙尺寸较小时, 形状参数β 较大, 而孔隙尺寸较大时, 则反之; 喷涂功率对孔隙尺寸的聚集特点产生不同程度的影响, 随着喷涂功率的增加, 粒子的融化状态逐渐改善, 孔隙的尺寸明显降低; 而当孔隙面积(周长)小于特征值时, 相同尺寸的孔隙概率密度值则越来越接近, 说明孔隙功率的变化对小尺寸孔隙出现的概率影响较小. 相似文献
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无火焰原子吸收光度法连续测定化探样品中铜、铬、钴、镍、铅、镉 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文主要介绍了化探样品相态分析中无火焰原子吸收光度法测定化探样品中的铜、铬、钴、镍、铅、镉的分析方法。近年来,随着地质找矿工作的发展,地球化探人员对相态分析技术越来越感兴趣,在相态分析中,不同相态同一种元素的含量相差很大,给溶液的提取,制备及测定工作带来了很多不便,加之,大量的常量元素的存在尤其是钙、镁、锰、铁等元素极易产生干扰,在水溶态,离子态的分析液中铜、铬、钴、镍、铅、镉的含量又很低,给测试带来了很大难度,在相态的提取过程中,如果做平行、样品分析的话一个样品至少要制备八份溶液,工作量很大,因此,找到一个简单,快捷而又稳定可靠的测试方法是十分必要的,在测定中采用了磷酸为基体改进剂,它不仅可以消除基体的干扰,并可使各种元素测定的精密度得到很大改善。 相似文献
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分别研究了构成大气湍流波像差中的散焦和像散两个低阶像差对高斯涡旋激光束传输和成像的影响.采用菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分理论和大气湍流波相位结构函数的平方近似研究了聚焦高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中散焦和像散影响下焦面光强的分布特性.导出了斜程传输条件下接收面上平均光强分布的积分表达式,并采用数值模拟方法研究湍流强度、传输距离和拓扑电荷对焦面光强的调制规律.结果表明:在弱湍流起伏区域,散焦和像散两类像差对高斯涡旋光束的光强分布影响都很小,可以忽略;在中等湍流区域,随着光束传输距离和湍流强度的增加,两类像差都导致高斯涡旋光束的光强峰值降低、束径扩展、中心暗斑扩大.当单拓扑电荷高斯涡旋光束传输时,在同等传输条件下,像散导致的光强峰值降低比散焦更严重,主亮斑区域外的次级亮环强度更大,光斑和中心暗斑扩展更明显.与单拓扑电荷光束相比较,散焦和像散导致双拓扑电荷光束的扩展更加明显,中心光斑更大,亮环区域外的次级亮环更明显;但是,由于光的相干性的降低和光束的偏折效应,像散导致光束中心的暗斑变为次级亮斑. 相似文献