分光光度法测定高铁、高镁红土镍矿中的镍

利用丁二酮肟分光光度法测定红土镍矿中的镍。研究了波长、NaOH、显色剂及氧化剂等试剂用量对吸光度的影响,得出了较佳的实验条件;同时通过加标回收验证了方法的可靠性,回收率为101.1%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为0.54%。实验证明了方法准确、可靠,是一种快速测定红土镍矿中镍含量的便捷方法。     

还原焙烧红土矿的硫酸浸出动力学

研究了选择性还原焙烧红土矿的硫酸浸出动力学.实验考察了浸出温度(30 ℃～70 ℃)和硫酸浓度(0.01～0.5 mol·l-1)对Ni、Fe浸出率的影响.结果表明:红土矿的选择性还原焙烧可增快Ni的浸出而抑止Fe的溶解.Ni的浸出动力学可用Avrami方程描述,其浸出反应的表观活化能为(15.40±0.18) kJ·moL-1.Fe的浸出受内扩散过程控制,浸出的表观活化能为(55.16±1.37) kJ·moL-1.     

微波消解–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中氧化镁含量

以盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸溶解红土镍矿样品,加入高氯酸冒烟除去硅和氟,在稀盐酸和氯化锶溶液介质中,于原子吸收光谱仪波长285.2 nm处,使用空气–乙炔火焰,测定样品中氧化镁的含量。在最佳实验条件下,镁的质量浓度在0.20~1.00 mg/L与吸光度呈线性关系,其检出限为0.036 mg/L。该方法用于红土镍矿中氧化镁含量的测定,相对标准偏差小于1.2%,加标回收率为99.1%~100.3%。氧化镁质量分数在0.15%~5.00%范围内的重复性及再现性方程分别为r=0.023m+0.037和R=0.133m–0.028。该方法适合于测定氧化镁含量在0.15%~5.00%的红土镍矿。     

热解齐化-原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中汞含量

经过条件试验,建立了热解齐化-原子吸收光谱法直接测定红土镍矿中汞含量的方法。样品中汞含量在57～1752μg／kg,重复测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）在1．6％～5．3％（n=11）,回收率在92．79％～94．77％,与冷原子吸收光谱法的方法间相对偏差为5．18％～11．93％。方法准确、快速、样品用量少、无试剂污染,适合于批量样品的测试,有应用和推广价值。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定红土镍矿中多种元素

分别研究了采用压片、熔片两种制样方法,用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定了红土镍矿中的9种元素。压片法重点研究了基体效应校正,经散射线作内标和经验系数法校正后,可准确测定除二氧化硅、氧化镁外的7种元素,方法简便、快速;而熔片法着重研究了熔剂和熔样温度的选择,经基体效应校正,各分析元素的结果准确度完全可与化学法相媲美,其相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.50%～3.00%间。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中铜、锌、铬含量

红土镍矿样品用盐酸、硝酸分解,残渣用焦硫酸钾熔融,在稀盐酸介质中,采用氘灯扣除背景,分别用原子吸收光谱仪于波长324.8,213.9,357.9 nm处,使用空气–乙炔火焰,测量铜、锌、铬的含量。在最佳实验条件下,铜、锌、铬的质量浓度分别在0.50～2.50,0.30～1.50,0.50～4.50 mg/L范围内与吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数r分别为0.9986,0.9943,0.9942。方法检出限铜为0.0067 mg/L,锌为0.0010 mg/L,铬为0.0014 mg/L,加标回收率为95.0%～105.7%。精密度试验验证铜、锌、铬的含量分别在0.01%～0.50%,0.01%～1.00%,0.01%～4.00%范围内重复性和再现性较好。此方法适合于红土镍矿中铜、锌、铬含量的测定。     

能量色散X荧光光谱法测定红土镍矿中镍等化学成分

基于能量色散X荧光(EDXRF)分析技术,建立了测定红土镍矿中铝、铬、铁、镁、锰、镍和硅含量的新方法。以锥形铝杯为试料支撑,为X荧光分析提供了适当的压片试样。收集了不同成分的红土镍矿样品,通过化学法和仪器法分析定值,作为标准物使用。用不同数学模型对元素间的相互干扰及吸收增强效应进行校正建立校准曲线。研究表明,采用锥形铝杯-粉末压片法制备红土镍矿分析试样,用EDXRF光谱仪进行测定,铝、铬、铁、镁、锰、镍和硅的检出限分别为0.0140%、0.0008%、0.0040%、0.0010%、0.0004%、0.0002%和0.0060%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.56%、0.90%、0.21%、2.70%、1.41%、0.98%和1.65%,方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定红土镍矿中钪量

钪是稀土元素之一,主要存在于基性岩和超基性岩的铁-镁矿物中。一般质量分数在0.05%~0.100%之间。主要赋存矿物有铌钇矿、硅铍铌钇矿、钛铁矿及黑钨矿等,此外,镍红土矿、钛磁铁矿等也含有较丰富的钪。传统分析钪的方法为分光光度法[1],随着分析仪器的发展,石墨炉原子吸收光谱     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定红土镍矿中的Cd、Co、Cu、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Ca9种元素

提出了使用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法同时测定红土镍矿中Cd、Co、Cu、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Ca的分析方法.采用盐酸、硝酸和氢氟酸处理样品,以盐酸作为测定介质,在选定的仪器工作条件下直接测定.各元素的测定检出限为0.0001～0.0033μg/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.15%～1.89%...     

低品位菱锰矿浸出锰的工艺条件研究

对低品位菱锰矿浸出工艺条件进行了研究,发现还原剂(绿矾、煤粉及双氧水)、硫酸、液固比、pH值、浸出温度及时间等因素对锰浸出率存在重要影响.通过单因素分析试验,得出最优工艺条件:当矿酸比为1∶ 0.324、温度为90℃、液固比为6:1、pH值为4.50、浸出时间为5h时,锰的实际浸出率可达80%以上.该工艺具有能源消耗低,生产成本低,锰的回收率高等优点.     

Dissolution optimization and kinetics of nickel and cobalt from iron-rich laterite ore,using sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure

More than 70% of the world's nickel reserves are found in laterite ores. In this research, a laterite ore sample, containing Ni, Co, and Fe, was employed to study the recovery of nickel and cobalt. Thus, the effect of calcination, acid concentration, percent solids, and stirring rate on nickel and cobalt recoveries from an iron-rich laterite sample was investigated. Optimization with response surface methodology and kinetic studies were performed. The calcination of the sample prior to leaching at 500°C for 2 h provided condition for better nickel and cobalt dissolutions. At optimal conditions, the concentration of sulfuric acid, solid-to-liquid ratio, stirring speed, temperature, and time test were equal to 5 M, 0.1, 370 rpm, 90°C, and 2 h, respectively. The highest recoveries of nickel and cobalt were 65.9% and 63.1%, respectively. Solids content had a negative effect on Ni and Co recovery, whereas acid concentration was positively affected. Addition of 10% (w/v) NaCl in the presence of 5 M acid concentration, 60°C, 370 rpm, and leaching time of 2 h increased the nickel and cobalt recoveries, 15.3% and 21.4%, respectively. The high dependence of process on temperature indicates chemical control; the activation energies E_a = 59.54 and E_a = 45.74 kJ/mol, respectively, for nickel and cobalt, were also consistent with this conclusion.     

Carboxylic acid anhydrides via Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides at atmospheric CO pressure

A convenient method has been developed, which allows for the direct transformation of aryl iodides into the corresponding carboxylic acid anhydrides via Pd-catalyzed carbonylation under atmospheric CO pressure.     

Deposition of polyacrylic acid films on PDMS substrate in dielectric barrier corona discharge at atmospheric pressure

This paper reports on deposition of acrylic acid films polymerized by an efficient and cost‐effective technique of dielectric barrier corona discharge at atmospheric pressure. The liquid acrylic acid was vaporized and carried by argon gas into plasma to deposit polyacrylic acid films on polydimethylsiloxane substrate. A nonthermal corona discharge was generated in a pyrex flask using a steel tube‐to‐plate asymmetric electrode configuration. The plasma was excited using an in‐house developed power supply operating with continuous wave signals of 10‐kHz frequency. The emission spectra of plasma species were recorded to know their contribution during deposition process. The deposited surfaces were characterized using contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and film thickness measurements. A maximum film growth rate of 363 nm/min was achieved under optimal condition of discharge. The results suggest that this plasma technique is capable of depositing organic coatings with a high concentration of carboxylic functional groups that could be potentially used for biomedical and microfluidic applications.     

The analysis of conductive solid samples by r.f. capacitively coupled plasma at atmospheric pressure

A radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasma (rf CCP) with tip-ring electrode geometry has been used for the analysis of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, and V in low and medium alloyed steel. The sample is used as one of the electrodes of the plasma torch. The influence of plasma power, argon flow rate and distance between the electrodes on the analytical signals has been studied. The limits of detection are in the range of 0.001 to 0.048%. The dynamic range is three orders of magnitude.     

The analysis of conductive solid samples by r.f. capacitively coupled plasma at atmospheric pressure

A radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasma (rf CCP) with tip-ring electrode geometry has been used for the analysis of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, and V in low and medium alloyed steel. The sample is used as one of the electrodes of the plasma torch. The influence of plasma power, argon flow rate and distance between the electrodes on the analytical signals has been studied. The limits of detection are in the range of 0.001 to 0.048%. The dynamic range is three orders of magnitude.     

Influence of air plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood extractives

The influence of an atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on wood extractives has been investigated by means of surface energy determination and XPS. Polar and disperse component of the surface energy show only marginal influence of plasma treatment, whereas XPS indicates plasma induced oxidation and degradation of the extractives.     

Influence of structural features of isomeric hydrocarbons on ion formation at atmospheric pressure

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in combination with different techniques of atmospheric pressure ionization (⁶³Ni ionization, photoionization, Corona discharge ionization) was applied to determine the influence of structural features of aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons on ion mobility spectra. For this purpose, different sets of isomeric hydrocarbons were investigated using the above-mentioned ionization techniques. We found different structural features of these isomeric non-polar compounds which cause distinct differences in ion mobility spectra. These differences result from the formation of different product ions or a different relative abundance of ions formed depending on the occurrence of certain structural features (position of the double bond, arrangement of double bonds within the carbon ring, configuration of aliphatic side chain in the space, position of aliphatic side chain on the carbon ring and the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic side chain). The nature of product ions formed was determined using a coupling of IMS with mass spectrometry (MS).     

Rate constants for the gas-phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical with a series of dimethylbenzaldehydes and trimethylphenols at atmospheric pressure

Rate constants for three dimethylbenzaldehydes and two trimethylphenols have been determined for the OH reactions at 298±2 K and atmospheric pressure using a relative rate method. The OH reaction rate constants were placed on an absolute basis using the literature rate constant for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene of (3.25±0.5)×10⁻¹¹ cm³ molecule⁻¹s⁻¹). The measured rate constants were (in units of cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹) 2,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde, (4.32±0.67)×10⁻¹¹; 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, (4.37±0.68)×10⁻¹¹; 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, (2.14±0.34)×10⁻¹¹; and 2,3,5- trimethylphenol, (12.5±1.9)×10⁻¹¹, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, (11.8±1.8)×10⁻¹¹. Using an average OH concentration of 8.7×10⁵ molecule cm⁻³, the estimated atmospheric lifetimes are ca. 7.5 h for 2,4- and 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehydes, ca. 15 h for 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, ca. 2.5 h for 2,3,5- and 2,3,6-trimethylphenols. The reactivities of the trimethylphenols exceed those of the dimethyl-benzaldehydes by more than a factor of 3. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 523–525, 1997.     

显色剂2-(1,3,4-三氮唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯甲酸与镍的显色反应研究

研究了显色剂2-(1,3,4-三氮唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯甲酸(TZDBA)与镍的显色反应,试剂与镍在pH 5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中形成紫红色配合物,组成比为n(Ni2 )∶n(TZDBA)=1∶2,配合物表观摩尔吸光系数ε=3.82×104 L·mol-1·cm-1.镍质量浓度在0～0.8 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律.配合物形成后在强酸溶液中能稳定存在,有良好的选择性.方法不经分离直接测定铝合金和纯镁中的微量镍,测定结果与认定值相符.