PDC材料烧结过程中钴在金刚石层中的扩散熔渗迁移机制

 讨论了PDC材料烧结过程中钴在金刚石层中的固相扩散、钴液熔渗、两次钴高浓度峰的“波浪”式迁移过程中的运动规律及其作用机制,并根据实验观测的数据进行了有关计算。结果表明：在5.8 GPa、1 300 ℃条件下,钴的扩散系数D≈1.6×10^-7 cm²/s,是一般常压及相同温度条件下钴固相扩散系数（3×10^-10 cm²/s）和相同压力条件下钴的液相扩散系数（5×10^-5 cm²/s）的中间值;对于粒度W≥10 μm的金刚石烧结体系,钴液熔渗作用时间非常短暂,略大于0.5 s,而对于W≤1 μm的超细金刚石烧结体系而言,钴熔渗作用时间为28 s,比粒度W≥10 μm的金刚石烧结要长得多;两次钴高浓度峰的迁移速度分别约为50 μm/s和100 μm/s。     

立方氮化硼的振动光谱及反射光谱的研究

 将黑色、黄色、棕色三种小于50 μm立方氮化硼粉末为样品，研究了其红外光谱、拉曼光谱、反射光谱，结果表明：（1）样品的红外光谱中，1 818 cm^-1和1 548 cm^-1属于cBN的晶格本征振动，而立方氮化硼的晶格本征振动外的晶体缺陷吸收则发生在~800 cm^-1，1 580 cm^-1~1 740 cm^-1和大于2 400 cm^-1处。（2）拉曼光谱测试表明，在1 052 cm^-1和1 304 cm^-1附近出现的散射与cBN不具有反演中心及cBN具有立方结构这样的事实相一致，并且这种散射伴随着布里渊区中心声子的横向和纵向发射。144 cm^-1附近出现的散射，被认为是由于局部振荡模式的出现，在反斯托克斯区造成的信号，这与晶格中杂质缺陷有关。（3）依据得到的反射光谱，计算了cBN单晶禁带宽度，发现这三种cBN都具有大于金刚石的禁带宽度值，分别为：E_g(黑)=6.21 eV，E_g(黄)=5.73 eV，E_g(棕)=5.71 eV。     

掺铒碲钨酸盐玻璃光谱性质的研究

合成了不同浓度Er³⁺掺杂的TeO₂-WO₃-Li₂O体系玻璃（TW glasses）,详细研究了掺杂浓度对这种碲钨酸盐玻璃光学特性的影响。计算了Judd Ofelt(J-O)强度参数,研究了掺杂浓度对15 μm发射带宽的影响,及不同掺杂浓度下Er³⁺的⁴I_11/2-⁴I_13/2和⁴I_13/2-⁴I_15/2无辐射跃迁过程。实验得到了在TW 玻璃中Er³⁺的⁴I_13/2-⁴I_15/2跃迁的浓度猝灭速率约为跃迁的浓度猝灭速率约为0.8×10^-18cm³·s^-1,这对寻求Er³⁺在碲钨酸盐玻璃中的合理掺杂浓度有一定的参考意义,这对寻求Er³⁺在碲钨酸盐玻璃中的合理掺杂浓度有一定的参考意义。实验发现Er³⁺的⁴I_11/2-⁴I_13/2无辐射弛豫速率在这种玻璃体系中约是不含WO₃的碲酸盐玻璃中的2倍,说明含WO₃的掺铒碲钨酸盐玻璃更有利于在980 nm激光泵浦下实现15 μm光放大。     

压力对GdoBr:Eu晶场参数的影响

 在室温下测量了GdoBr:Eu的常压和高压荧光谱，光谱范围在13 000~21 500 cm^-1之间，压力至12 GPa。由光谱数据得到了Eu³⁺晶场能级随压力的变化曲线。⁷F_0～5能级随压力的变化规律比较复杂，而⁵D_0~2各能均随压力的升高几乎线性地降低。在基态谱项⁷F的49个状态上进行了晶场拟合计算，所得常压下的5个非零晶场参数分别为：B₀²＝-1 124.0 cm^-1，B₀⁴＝-969.6 cm^-1，B₄⁴＝827.9 cm^-1，B₀⁶＝889.6 cm^-1，B₄⁶＝377.0 cm^-1。高压下的计算结果表明，B₀⁴、B₀⁶这两个晶场参数随压力的增加而增大，B₄⁶随压力的增加而减小，而B₀²、B₄⁴随压力的变化有些起伏。晶场强度在8 GPa以下随压力增加而减小，其后开始变强。     

SiC1-xGex/SiC 异质结光电二极管特性的研究

使用二维器件模拟软件Medici, 对SiC_1-xGe_x/SiC异质结的光电特性进行了模拟.设计了N型重掺杂SiC层的厚度为1 μm, P型轻掺杂SiC_1-xGe_x层厚为0.4 μm, 二者之间形成突变异质结.在反向偏压3 V、光强度为 0.23 W/cm²的条件下, p-n+ SiC_0.8Ge_0.2/SiC和p-n+ SiC_0.7Ge_0.3/SiC敏感波长λ分别可以达到0.64 μm和0.7 μm, 光电流分别为7.765×10^－7 A/μm和7.438×10^－7 A/μm; 为了进一步提高SiC_1-xGe_x/SiC 异质结的光电流, 我们把p-n+两层结构改进为p-i-n三层结构.在同样的偏压、光照条件下, p-i-n SiC_0.8Ge_0.2/SiC和p-i-n SiC_0.7Ge_0.3/SiC的光电流分别达到1.6734×10－6 A/μm和1.844×10－6 A/μm.     

0.1~800 MPa压力下方解石拉曼光谱的实验研究

 利用石英的拉曼谱峰与温度和压力的关系，检验了在金刚石压腔中用方解石拉曼谱峰确定体系压力的可行性，并初步确定了在常温下方解石的拉曼谱峰与压力的关系。实验研究结果表明：在实验的压力范围内方解石稳定，且其1 085 cm^-1 谱峰约为石英464 cm^-1谱峰的3倍强度，因此非常适合作为热液金刚石压腔的压力标定物。在温度26 ℃、压力0.1~800 MPa条件下，方解石的拉曼谱峰（1 085 cm^-1）随着压力的增加，呈线形增大，其关系式为：p(MPa)=192×(ν_p－1 085)－21.8，1 085 cm^-1<ν_p<1 090 cm^-1。     

高压下正戊烷的稳定性研究

 利用Raman散射光谱在碳硅石压腔下研究了常温下的正戊烷从0.07~4.77 GPa的稳定性。结果表明：正戊烷的 CH₃、CH₂对称和反对称伸缩振动2 877 cm^-1、2 964 cm^-1和2 856 cm^-1、2 935 cm^-1以及－(CH₂)_n －同步扭曲振动1 303 cm^-1均随压力增大而基本呈线性向高频方向移动,并在2.47 GPa附近发生过压凝固,这是一种平衡稳定态之外的亚稳态现象。另外推测正戊烷在高压下可能发生固－固相变,最后通过平衡的固液共存相确定了正戊烷的平衡凝固压力为(1.90±0.05) GPa。     

高组份Al值的AlxGa1-x As和AlxGa1-x As/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs多层结构的MOCVD生长

用自制常压MOCVD系统,在半绝缘GaAs衬底上生长高Al组份Al_xGa_1-xAs（其x值达0.83）,和Al_xGa_1-xAs/GaAs/Al_xGa_1-xAs/GaAs多层结构,表面镜面光亮。生长层厚度从几十到十几μm可控,测试表明外延层晶格结构完整,x值调节范围宽,非有意掺杂低,高纯GaAs外延层载流子浓度n_300K=1.7×10¹⁵cm^-3,n_77K=1.4×10¹⁵cm^-3,迁移率μ_300K=5900cmcm²/V.S,μ_77K=55500cm²/V.S。用电子探针,俄歇能谱仪测不出非有意掺杂的杂质,各层间界面清晰平直。 对GaAs,AlGaAs生长层表面缺陷,衬底偏角生长温度及其它生长条件也进行了初步探讨。     

对带电轻子质量公式的一些猜测

本文建议轻子电磁自能通过（（δm）/m）=（1/（2π））n^-b 与量子数 n 联系起来,其中 b 为待定常数.并建议动量截断值 M 与引力常数 k 和精细结构常数α的联系为 M=（?）.得到了带电轻子质量公式（?）.利用 e^-和μ^-质量的实验值和α值作输入,给出计算值 k=（6.67231±0.00026）×10^-8 cm³g^-lsec^-2和m_τ=（1782.306±0.078）MeV,与观察值 k=（6.6720±0.0041）×10^-8cm³ g^-1sec^-2和 m_τ=(1782_-4⁺³)MeV 很好符合.公式预言第四个带电轻子质量应为 m=（11725.47±0.51）MeV 可以在最近的实验中检验。本文还对所建议的质量公式和结果进行了讨论.     

SU(2)×U(1)×S3模型及类K0-K0系统的混合和CP破坏效应

本文内容包括:(ⅰ)进一步给出SU(2)×U(1)×S₃模型的结果S₂≈S₃≈(m_s²)/(m_b²);sin δ≤(m_um_d)/(m_cm_s),并预言b夸克的主要衰变道是b→u+W,b夸克的寿命可能长到10^-9秒.(ⅱ)给出类K⁰-K⁰系统混合时的精确表达式ρ=错号事例数/对号事例数=(1/2)(|p/q|²+|q/p|²)([Γ²+(Δm)²]²-(γ1γ2)²)/([Γ²+(Δm)²]²+(γ1γ2)²);并给出CP破坏的精确表达式:A=(1-ρ')/(1+ρ')=(I_M12Γ₁₂^*)/(|M₁₂|²+1/4|Γ₁₂|²),这里ρ′=(负电错号事例数)/(正电错号事例数)。     

Study of the plume generated by Nd:YAG laser ablation of a hydroxyapatite target

The plume generated by Nd:YAG laser ablation of a hydroxyapatite target has been investigated in vacuum and at 0.1 and 0.2 mbar of water vapor. The investigation has been carried out by means of fast intensified CCD imaging with the aid of bandpass interferential filters that allow the following single species to be isolated: neutral calcium, calcium oxide radicals and neutral oxygen. Results obtained in vacuum reveal that expansion takes place at a constant velocity of about 2᎒⁴ m/s for the atomic species and about 3᎒³ m/s for the molecular ones and that emission is completely dominated by emissive neutral calcium. When ablation is carried out in a water atmosphere, the background gas confines the species in the leading edge of the plume, which results in the formation of a planar shock wave at 0.1 mbar and a spherical shock wave at 0.2 mbar. Comparison of the images with those obtained at 0.1 mbar of Ne has revealed the existence of chemical reactions between the plume and the water atmosphere, leading to the formation of calcium oxide radicals. In that case, plume emission is dominated by these molecular species.     

Interface kinetics during pulsed laser ablation

This work investigates evaporation kinetics -- the relation between the surface temperature and pressure during excimer laser ablation. Nickel targets are ablated by excimer laser pulses in a laser fluence range between 1 and 6 J/cm², with the upper limit exceeding the threshold of phase explosion (5 J/cm²). The surface pressure is determined with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric transducer. When phase explosion occurs, the surface temperature is known to be near the thermodynamic critical temperature, therefore, by measuring the surface pressure, the surface temperature-pressure relation is determined at the threshold fluence of phase explosion. The surface temperature and the threshold fluence of phase explosion are also estimated from the measured velocity of the vapor plume and gas dynamics calculations. It is shown that, during excimer laser ablation, the temperature and pressure relation deviates significantly from the equilibrium kinetic relation.     

Detailed Characteristics of Expansion Velocity of Si from Laser Ablated SiC

Optical emission of plasma is used to investigate the characteristics of dynamics distribution in the plume gen- erated by ablation of a SiC sample using Nd：YAG laser. The plume expansion dynamics is characterized by time-of-flight measurement. We find that the profiles of Si （I） （390.55 nm） split into two components and the Si （1I） （634. 71 nm） spectra show two distinct expansion dynamics regions. The time-of-flight measurement of Si（ll） （634. 71 nm） under different laser irradianee conditions, from 0.236 G W/cm^2 to 1.667 G W/cm^2, are presented and discussed.     

An investigation of neutral and ion number densities within laser-produced titanium plasmas in vacuum and ambient environments

Optical absorption spectroscopy in combination with laser-induced fluorescence imaging is applied to determine spatially and temporally resolved number densities within laser-produced titanium plasmas, expanding into vacuum and low-pressure nitrogen. Contour mapping of species number density and subsequent volumetric integration to yield the total number of absorbing species in the plume are demonstrated for Ti I expanding into vacuum. The results obtained indicate that for an incident KrF energy density of ~4 J cm^-2 the total plume content is >10¹⁷ Ti neutrals and ions. The ground-state neutral and ground-state ion yields are both observed to increase linearly with laser fluence above thresholds of ~2.2 J cm^-2 and ~3.7 J cm^-2, respectively. Reduction in absorption linewidths and spatial widening of the corresponding LIF images, observed for plume expansion in the presence of low-pressure ambient gases, reflects the reduction in species velocities and randomisation of the velocity distributions of plume species with increasing ambient pressure.     

High-quality and high-efficiency machining of glass materials by laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation using conventional nanosecond UV, visible, and infrared lasers

This paper reports the micromachining of fused quartz and Pyrex glass by laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) using a conventional nanosecond laser at wavelengths 266 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm, respectively. High-quality surface structuring can be achieved at each of these wavelengths. The micrograting formed has periods of 14 7m at 266 nm, 20 7m at 532 nm, and 30 7m at 1064 nm, respectively. The ablation rate using a 266 nm laser is much larger than that at longer wavelengths. The ablation thresholds of laser fluence are 0.7 J/cm² for 266 nm, 1.5 J/cm² for 532 nm and 3.7 J/cm² for 1064 nm, respectively. The 532 nm and 1064 nm lasers enable hole drilling in 0.5 and 2.0-mm thick fused quartz and Pyrex glass substrates of about 0.7-0.8 mm in diameter. However, the less destructive through channel can be only formed in Pyrex glass by using a 532 nm laser.     

First-time lidar measurement of water vapor flux in a volcanic plume

The CO₂ laser-based lidar ATLAS has been used to study the Stromboli volcano plume. ATLAS measured water vapor concentration in cross-sections of the plume and wind speed at the crater. Water vapor concentration and wind speed were retrieved by differential absorption lidar and correlation technique, respectively. Lidar returns were obtained up to a range of 3 km. The spatial resolution was 15 m and the temporal resolution was 20 s. By combining these measurements, the water vapor flux in the Stromboli volcano plume was found. To our knowledge, it is the first time that lidar retrieves water vapor concentrations in a volcanic plume.     

Storm-Time Strong Field-Aligned Ion Upflow in Region of the SED Plume

We report the observations from the GPS TEC and DMSP F-13 satellites showing that very strong upward field-aligned （FA） ion velocity and flux in the outer region of the storm-enhanced density （SED） occurred in the event of the geomagnetic storm on 29-31 May 2003. By a method of coordinate transformation, upward FA ion velocities in excess of 25Orals are obtained from the observations of the DMSP F-13 satellite. Further, an FA ion flux is estimated to be about 4.5 x 1013 ions/m2 s in the dusk sector. The estimated FA ion velocity and flux provide a powerful direct proof to support the scenario that there is a strong coupling of particles between the ionosphere and plasmasphere in the region of the SED plume. In the process, FA ion flux transports from the ionosphere to the plasmasphere in the region of the SED plume. Therefore, the plume of SED in the ionosphere provides an important source to the enhanced density of O^＋ in the storm-time plasmasphere.     

The production of sub-micron sodium nitrate particles by laser ablation

Laser ablation is a useful source of particles for chemical analysis by inductively coupled mass spectroscopy in many applications. Optimum particle transport and ionization requires particles with sizes in the range 0.1-2 7m. Significant questions remain as to the mechanisms behind particle production by laser ablation. In this work, we collect and observe particles produced from single-crystal sodium nitrate during irradiation at 1.06 7m as a function of fluence and explore the possibility that laser-induced fracture may produce suitable particles. At fluences between 3 and 4 J/cm², single laser pulses incident on cleaved samples produce large numbers of fracture particles as a result of the fracture of undercut cleavage steps. Polished samples, lacking cleavage steps, yield few, if any, particles. As the fluence is raised to 5 J/cm², a small breakdown plume is observed and large melted droplets (~10 7m in diameter) are produced from both cleaved and polished targets, presumably by spallation of a thick melted layer. Particle generation by fracture has the potential to produce particles whose composition closely matches the local sample composition.