Demonstration of radiation symmetry control for inertial confinement fusion in double Z-pinch hohlraums

Simulations of a double Z-pinch hohlraum, relevant to the high-yield inertial-confinement-fusion concept, predict that through geometry design the time-integrated P2 Legendre mode drive asymmetry can be systematically controlled from positive to negative coefficient values. Studying capsule elongation, recent experiments on Z confirm such control by varying the secondary hohlraum length. Since the experimental trend and optimum length are correctly modeled, confidence is gained in the simulation tools; the same tools predict capsule drive uniformity sufficient for high-yield fusion ignition.     

4MA以下电流驱动垂直动态黑腔的自适应性

在4 MA以下电流驱动Z箍缩黑腔辐射特性和耦合效率研究牵引下,研制出了柱型动态黑腔。利用CHO低密度泡沫的自持能力,结合辅助夹具解决了泡沫柱的装配及定位问题。基于负载丝受小应变作用,丝阵和泡沫柱通过μm量级的自由滑动和转动,具备自动适应靶室环境变化能力。实验结果表明:研制出的动态黑腔在Angara-5-1装置环境中具有自动适应能力,各项参数满足物理实验的需求,获得的最高动力学黑腔X光辐射温度为62.7 eV,实验结果重复性优于91.5%。     

Demonstration of ignition radiation temperatures in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion hohlraums

We demonstrate the hohlraum radiation temperature and symmetry required for ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions. Cryogenic gas-filled hohlraums with 2.2 mm-diameter capsules are heated with unprecedented laser energies of 1.2 MJ delivered by 192 ultraviolet laser beams on the National Ignition Facility. Laser backscatter measurements show that these hohlraums absorb 87% to 91% of the incident laser power resulting in peak radiation temperatures of T(RAD)=300 eV and a symmetric implosion to a 100 μm diameter hot core.     

An extended hydrodynamics model for inertial confinement fusion hohlraums

The European Physical Journal D - We studied the directional dependency of electronic stopping power of swift light ions in nickel using real-time time-dependent density functional theory. We...     

Infinite conformal symmetry of critical fluctuations in two dimensions

We study the massless quantum field theories describing the critical points in two dimensional statistical systems. These theories are invariant with respect to the infinite dimensional group of conformal (analytic) transformations. It is shown that the local fields forming the operator algebra can be classified according to the irreducible representations of the Virasoro algebra. Exactly solvable theories associated with degenerate representations are analized. In these theories the anomalous dimensions are known exactly and the correlation functions satisfy the system of linear differential equations.Professor A. B. Zamolodchikov was unable to attend the conference to present this invited paper personally.     

Conformal symmetry of classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation

The two-point correlation functions of classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation fields are evaluated in four-vector notation. The manifestly Lorentz-covariant expressions are then shown to be invariant under scale transformations and under the conformal transformations of Bateman and Cunningham. As a preliminary to the electromagnetic work, analogous results are obtained for a scalar Gaussian random classical field with a Lorentz-invariant spectrum.     

Synchrotron radiation of a system with spherical symmetry

Generalized expressions are obtained for the power of synchrotron radiation of both charged and uncharged systems with charge distribution having spherical symmetry. The distribution is considered arbitrary in the radial direction.Tomsk Polytechnic Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 12–15, September, 1993.     

Ultrasonic radiation in dynamic force microscopy

In dynamic force microscopy the cantilever of an atomic force microscope is vibrated at ultrasonic frequencies in the range of several 10 kHz up to several MHz while scanning a sample surface. The amplitude and phase of the cantilever vibration as well as the shift of the cantilever resonance frequencies provide information about local sample surface properties. In several operation modes of dynamic force microscopy, for example force modulation microscopy, tapping mode or atomic force acoustic microscopy, the sensor tip is in contact with the sample at least during a fraction of its vibration cycle. The periodic indentation of the tip with the sample surface generates ultrasonic waves. In this paper, the ultrasonic radiation of a vibrating cantilever into a sample and its contribution to the damping of the cantilever vibration are calculated. The theoretical results are compared to experiments.     

The dynamic symmetry and its application for interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns

It is shown here that real crystals besides their crystallographic symmetry (230 space groups) display another kind of symmetry called in this paper — the dynamic symmetry (1651 Shubnikov groups). The dynamic symmetry manifests itself during transformation by the crystal structure of quantities whose symmetry has two-color operations.An example is given of application of dynamic symmetry for interpretation of phenomenon of forbidden reflexions in an X-ray pattern of ethylidene-N, N′-diacetamide crystals.     

Persistent dynamic correlations in self-organized critical systems away from their critical point

We show that correlated dynamics and long time memory persist in self-organized criticality (SOC) systems even when forced away from the defined critical point that exists at vanishing drive strength. These temporal correlations are found for all levels of external forcing as long as the system is not overdriven. They arise from the same physical mechanism that produces the temporal correlations found at the vanishing drive limit, namely the memory of past events stored in the system profile. The existence of these correlations contradicts the notion that a SOC time series is simply a random superposition of events with sizes distributed as a power law, as has been suggested by previous studies.     

Hawking radiation by Kerr black holes and conformal symmetry

The exponential blueshift associated with the event horizon of a black hole makes conformal symmetry play a fundamental role in accounting for its thermal properties. Using a derivation based on two-point functions, we show that the full spectrum of thermal radiation of scalar particles by Kerr black holes can be explicitly derived on the basis of a conformal symmetry arising in the wave equation near the horizon. The simplicity of our approach emphasizes the depth of the connection between conformal symmetry and black hole radiance.     

Conditions of dynamic change in radiation mode

The inhomogeneous wave equation for determining the previously experimentally detected change in the radiation phase in an accelerated cavity with stationary content is studied. It is shown that the radiation phase is independent of a homogeneous medium filling the accelerated cavity with unchanged phase structure. The necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of nontrivial solutions of the equation are discussed.     

Partial dynamical symmetry at critical points of quantum phase transitions

We show that partial dynamical symmetries can occur at critical points of quantum phase transitions, in which case underlying competing symmetries are conserved exactly by a subset of states, and mix strongly in other states. Several types of partial dynamical symmetries are demonstrated with the example of critical-point Hamiltonians for first- and second-order transitions in the framework of the interacting boson model, whose dynamical symmetries correspond to different shape phases in nuclei.     

Minimum radiation force target size for power measurements in focused ultrasonic fields with circular symmetry

The time-averaged ultrasonic power emitted by medical ultrasonic equipment is mostly measured using a radiation force balance, and the question of the necessary target size is of practical importance. The question is answered here by calculations based on a Rayleigh integral algorithm for fields from circular, focusing transducers. This case occurs particularly in the field of high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound. The calculation yields the necessary size of an absorbing target so that the radiation force is 98% of that exerted on an absorber of infinite lateral size, and this as a function of the transducer-to-target distance, of the transducer radius in comparison with the wavelength and of the focus (half-)angle. Several distributions of the transducer vibration amplitude are considered. The Rayleigh integral strictly applies only to planar transducers, but among the amplitude distributions there is also one that allows the simulation of the spherically curved transducer type often found in practice.     

Schwinger-Dyson equations and dynamic symmetry violation in two-dimensional quantum quadratic gravitation

The dynamic violation of symmetry in two-dimensional quantum gravitation with the action quadratic in the curvature over a flat background is studied. The Schwinger-Dyson equation method is used in the ladder approximation. A numerical analysis of the equations for the structural functions defining the precise fermion propagator is given. The existence of a critical value of the coupling constant, which corresponds to dynamic violation of symmetry and the appearance of the bifermion condensate, is shown. The dependence of the dynamic mass on the coupling constant is found. Kharkov State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 40–44, March, 1997.