H_2~+分子双H核对高次谐波辐射的贡献

理论研究了H_2~+分子双H核对高次谐波辐射的贡献.结果表明:在少周期激光场下,由于激光场的反对称性,负向H核辐射谐波强度高于正向H核.随着激光脉宽增大,激光波形趋于对称,因此导致双H核辐射谐波的反对称结构减小.谐波辐射的时频分析图显示,当激光场为正向时(E(t)0.0),负向H核辐射谐波强度高于正向H核;当激光场反向时(E(t)0.0),正向H核辐射谐波强度高于负向H核.最后,通过分析含时电子波包及H_2~+的缀饰态给出了电子在双H核之间转移的原因.     

H2+分子双H核对高次谐波辐射的贡献

理论研究了H2+分子双H核对高次谐波辐射的贡献。结果表明：在少周期激光场下,由于激光场的反对称性,负向H核辐射谐波强度高于正向H核。随着激光脉宽增大,激光波形趋于对称,因此导致双H核辐射谐波的反对称结构减小。谐波辐射的时频分析图显示,当激光场为正向时(E(t) > 0.0),负向H核辐射谐波强度高于正向H核;当激光场反向时(E(t) < 0.0),正向H核辐射谐波强度高于负向H核。最后,通过分析含时电子波包及H2+的缀饰态给出了电子在双H核之间转移的原因。     

理论研究激光强度对H2+分子高次谐波产生的影响

本文通过求解非波恩-奥本海默近似条件下的一维含时薛定谔方程来研究脉冲强度对H₂⁺分子高次谐波的影响.由于干涉相消,在啁啾激光场的条件下在谐波谱中出现了干涉最小值.我们用全量子方法计算的时频分布图分析了分子高次谐波产生中的微观机制.此外,数值计算结果显示随着脉冲强度的增加电子的有质动力势随之增加,同时干涉最小值的位置移向谐波的高阶部分.     

电荷共振增强电离和离解电离在H~+_2谐波辐射中的贡献

理论研究了电荷共振增强电离和离解电离在H~+_2谐波辐射中的贡献.结果表明:在少周期激光场下,谐波辐射只由电荷共振增强电离贡献产生,谐波光谱呈规则的奇次谐波.在多周期激光场下,谐波辐射由电荷共振增强电离和离解电离共同贡献产生,但是电荷共振增强电离在谐波辐射中起主要作用.并且低阶谐波呈现偶次谐波.最后,通过分析含时核运动,电离几率以及谐波辐射时频分析图解释了少周期和多周期激光场驱动H~+_2辐射谐波的过程.     

Enhancement of high-order harmonic generation at tuned wavelengths through adaptive control

An adaptive learning loop enhances the efficiency and tuning of high-order harmonic generation. In comparison with simple chirp tuning, we observe a broader tuning range and a twofold to threefold enhancement in integrated photon flux in the cutoff region. The driving pulse temporal phase varies significantly for different tunings and is more complicated than a simple chirp. We compare our experimental results with a one-dimensional, time-dependent model that incorporates the intrinsic atomic response, the experimental pulse temporal phase, ionization effects, and transverse coherence of the spatial mode of the laser. The model agrees with our experimental results and indicates that a specific quantum path coupled with ionization effects determines the optimized harmonic spectrum.     

One and two-center processes in high-order harmonic generation in diatomic molecules: Influence of the internuclear separation

We analyze the influence of different recombination scenarios, involving one or two centers, on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in diatomic molecules, for different values of the internuclear separation. We work within the strong-field approximation, and employ modified saddle-point equations, in which the structure of the molecule is incorporated. We find that the two-center interference patterns, attributed to high-order harmonic emission at spatially separated centers, are formed by the quantum interference of the orbits starting at a center C _j and finishing at a different center C _ν in the molecule with those starting and ending at a same center C _j . Within our framework, we also show that contributions starting at different centers exhibit different orders of magnitude, due to the influence of additional potential-energy shifts. This holds even for small internuclear distances. Similar results can also be obtained by considering single-atom saddle-point equations and an adequate choice of molecular prefactors.     

高次谐波辐射光子的能量-激光相位关系研究

原子在强激光电场中高次谐波辐射的理论与实验研究是当今科学前沿之一.利用量子力学理论和鞍点方法,细致地研究了高次谐波辐射光子的能量与激光相位的关系.对于时间宽度无限长激光,在一个激光周期内特定相位处产生的高阶辐射(X射线)有特定的能量.能量分布在7180°处成峰,有高斯形函数的对称形状.给出了这种分布的参数化公式.对于不同宽度的飞秒激光,能量分布的成峰位置、最大值和带宽等参数会发生变化.计算表明,三个振荡周期(半高宽)的飞秒激光,当载波-包络相位为175°和105°时,可以分别得到纯净的阿秒单脉冲和双脉 关键词： 超短脉冲激光 高次谐波产生 鞍点方法 能量相位关系     

Chirp control on molecular harmonic generation and distribution in H2+

Chirp control on the molecular harmonic emission and distribution in H₂⁺ has been theoretically investigated. The results show that (i) with the introduction of the up-chirped pulse, the intensities of the higher harmonics are decreased; while with the introduction of the down-chirped pulse, the intensities of the higher harmonics can be enhanced. When E(t) < 0.0, the harmonic emission events (HEEs) from the positive-H are higher than those from the negative-H; while when E(t) > 0.0, the HEEs from the negative-H are higher than those from the positive-H. As a result, when the higher harmonics are produced from E(t) < 0.0 or E(t) > 0.0, the positive-H or the negative-H plays the main role in the harmonic spectra. (ii) The distribution of the higher harmonics from the two-H nuclei can be controlled with the introduction of the chirps and the carrier-envelope-phases of the laser field. (iii) Some minima on the harmonic spectra can be obtained, which is attributed to the coupling of the two-center interference and the electron-nuclear dynamics. (iv) By properly superposing the harmonics from the down-chirped pulse, an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) with the duration of 45 as can be obtained, which is nearly 1 order of magnitude enhancement in pulse intensity compared with the chirp- free case.     

拉伸分子高次谐波产生的阿秒控制

通过数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程,本文研究了高频阿秒脉冲对拉伸双原子分子模型与低频飞秒激光脉冲相互作用产生高次谐波谱的影响.研究表明,若阿秒脉冲在低频脉冲的第二个光学周期截止处注入时,只第二个平台截止位置IP 5.6UP(IP为电离势,UP为有质动力能)附近谐波的效率得到显著提高;若阿秒脉冲的包络峰值处于低频脉冲第三个光学周期T/4(为飞秒激光脉冲的光学周期)附近时,则谐波谱出现了明显的整体抬高现象.对此,本文根据拉伸分子谐波谱的四种产生机制及阿秒脉冲在飞秒激光不同相位注入时的电子电离曲线,对这些谐波谱的结构给出了合理解释.     

Carrier-envelope phase measurement using plasmonic-field-enhanced high-order harmonic generation of H atom in few-cycle laser pulses

We investigate the plasmonic-field-enhanced high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of H atom driven by few-cycle laser pulses, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). Compared with the homogeneous field, HHG spectra generated by inhomogeneous field exhibit two-plateau structure. We analyze the origin of the two plateaus by using the semiclassical trajectory method. Our results from both classical and TDSE simulations show that the cutoffs of the two plateaus are dramatically affected by the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of laser pulse in the inhomogeneous field, even for a little longer pulse. Thus, we can determine the CEP of driving laser based on the cutoff position of HHG generated in the inhomogeneous field.     

Direct interferometric measurement of the atomic dipole phase in high-order harmonic generation

We report the first direct measurements of the atomic dipole phase in the process of high-order harmonic generation. Differently from previously reported studies based on frequency chirp measurements, we use extreme ultraviolet interferometry as the most natural and direct way to measure phase shifts. Our approach has the important advantage of allowing us to investigate the effects associated to both the main quantum paths involved in the emission of a particular harmonic, thus offering a particularly clear and simple picture of the underlying electronic dynamics.     

靶源位置对强场高次谐波相位匹配的影响

为提高强激光场与惰性气体靶作用产生的孤立阿秒激光脉冲的能量,给出了一种实现高次谐波过程中最佳谐波相位匹配的定量实验方法。研究了气体靶源与高斯型驱动激光场聚焦点相对空间位置对谐波相位匹配及谐波产率的影响,得出了其最佳相位匹配位置始终位于驱动激光场聚焦点后3~5 mm,而在聚焦点之前的位置区域,严重的高次谐波相位失配导致谐波产率非常低。同时,在最佳相位匹配条件下,高次谐波场与驱动场具有相类似的空间强度分布特性,该结果印证了目前通常采用的高次谐波场为高斯光束的假设。     

H2+和HD+分子体系高次谐波发射效率的理论研究

本文通过求解一维含时薛定谔方程, 比较研究了H2+和HD+分子离子体系的高次谐波发射效率. 数值计算结果表明, 在相同激光条件下, 不对称分子体系能产生更高强度的谐波谱. 此外, 借助时频分布, 电离几率和电子-核波包密度概率分布图, 对计算结果做出了合理的解释.     

Single-atom effects in high-order harmonic generation: role of carrier-envelope phase in the few-optical-cycle regime

Recently the role of the carrier-envelope phase of few-optical-cycle light pulses on high-order harmonic generation has been experimentally observed. By using a three-dimensional nonadiabatic propagation model, we show that the observed carrier-envelope phase dependence of the spectral characteristics of the harmonic radiation is essentially a single-atom effect. Nonadiabatic single-atom response has been calculated in the framework of the saddle-point approximation. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.65.Re; 42.50.Hz     

Carrier-envelope phase effects of over-saturated few-cycle laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation

We investigate theoretically the high-order harmonic generation driven by few-cycle laser pulses with intensities above the saturated intensity using the Lewenstein model. It is found that the carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulse has great influences on the coherence of the high-order harmonic spectrum in the plateau region when driven by a relatively weaker driver field in the oversaturated regime. While for a much higher intensity the coherence of the high-order harmonic spectrum is almost independent on the carrier-envelope phase.     

Double optical gating of high-order harmonic generation with carrier-envelope phase stabilized lasers

We demonstrated a novel optical switch to control the high-order harmonic generation process so that single attosecond pulses can be generated with multiple-cycle pulses. The technique combines two powerful optical gating methods: polarization gating and two-color gating. An extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum supporting 130 as was generated with neon gas using 9 fs laser pulses. We discovered a unique dependence of the harmonic spectra on the carrier-envelope phase of the laser fields, which repeats every 2 pi radians.     

载波相位对超短脉冲谐波谱的影响

数值计算了线偏振的超短激光脉冲(脉冲持续时间为两个光学周期)与一维模型原子相互作用产生的高次谐波发射功率谱. 研究表明,当载波相位发生变化时,超短脉冲谐波谱的截止频率也随之改变,而且在特定相位下,谐波谱出现了明显的双平台结构. 对此,采用半经典的“三步”模型给出了合理解释,并利用小波时频分析方法证实“三步”模型可以准确预言超短脉冲谐波谱的截止频率. 关键词： 高次谐波 超短脉冲 载波相位     

Intense-laser-field ionization of the hydrogen molecular ions H2+ and D2+ at critical internuclear distances

Fragmentation of H2+ and D2+ in ion beams has been studied with short intense laser pulses (100 fs, I=5x10(13)-1x10(15) W/cm2) and by a high-resolution two-dimensional velocity imaging technique. In the Coulomb explosion channel, at intensities just above the threshold for this process, we observe a clear structure in the kinetic energy spectra not previously found or predicted. The peaks can be attributed to single vibrational levels. We interpret this observation as a dissociative allocation of the electron to a proton followed by enhanced ionization at a well-defined "critical" overstretched internuclear distance. When using longer pulses we observe three separate Coulomb explosion velocity groups corresponding to critical distances of about 8, 11, and 15 a.u.     

Laser phase effect on asymmetric harmonic distribution in H_2~+

The laser phase effect on the spatial distribution of the molecular high-order harmonic generation(MHHG) spectrum from H_2~+ is theoretically investigated through solving the Non-Bohn-Oppenheimer(NBO) time-dependent Schrodinger equation(TDSE).The results are shown as follows,(i) The generated harmonics from the two nuclei each present an asymmetric distribution.Particularly,when the laser phases are chosen from 0.0π to 0.6π and from 1.7π to 2.0π,the contribution from the negative-H plays a main role in harmonic generation.When the laser phases are chosen from 0.7πto 1.6k,the contribution from the positive-H to the harmonic generation is remarkably enhanced and becomes greater than that from the negative-H.The electron localization,the time-frequency analyses of the harmonic spectrum and the time-dependent wave function are shown to explain the asymmetric harmonic distribution in H_2~+,which provides us with a method to control the electron motion in molecules,(ⅱ) As the pulse duration increases,the asymmetric distributions of the MHHG in two H nuclei decrease,(ⅲ) Isotope investigation shows that the asymmetric harmonic distribution can be reduced by introducing the heavy nucleus(i.e.,D_2~+).