The transition strength from solid to liquid colloidal dipolar clusters in precessing magnetic fields

We report on the rotation of colloidal clusters of diamagnetic beads and of mixtures of paramagnetic and diamagnetic beads in a ferrofluid in a precessing external magnetic field. The precession angle of the external field is a control parameter determining the stability of the cluster. Clusters become locally unstable when the local precession angle reaches the magic angle. Cluster shape dependent depolarization fields lead to a deviation of the local from the external precession angle such that close to the external magic angle different cluster shapes might coexist. For this reason cluster transitions are weakly or strongly first-order transitions. If the transition is weakly first order a critical speeding up of the cluster rotation is observed. No speeding up occurs for strongly first-order cluster transitions with hysteresis. The strength of the first-order transition is controlled by the size of the core of the cluster.     

125Te NMR tomography of [Re6] cluster in Re6Te15 and related cluster compounds

The static and magic angle spinning NMR solid-state spectra of Re6Te15 and a series of Re(6)-Te cluster compounds demonstrate the positive and negative 125Te NMR chemical shifts indicating that the [Re6] cluster distorts strongly magnetic field at the neighboring Te sites. The local magnetic field is decreased at the facial tellurium sites (Teface) and enhanced at the apexial tellurium sites (Teapex). The facial and sagittal sections of the Re(6)-Te clusters were reconstructed from analysis of Teface and Teapex NMR spectra, respectively.     

Mon(n=2~10)团簇结构和性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论下的广义梯度近似(Generalized Gradient Approximation, GGA)方法对Mon (n=2~10) 团簇的直线结构、平面结构和立体结构分别进行优化和分析. 结果表明仅直线结构具有双原子对结合趋势, 且偶数团簇比相邻奇数团簇稳定; 平面结构中奇数原子团簇锯齿状较稳定, 偶数原子团簇以多边形较稳定; 立体结构在所有维度中最稳定. 对团簇总磁矩的分析表明直线结构偶数团簇磁矩淬灭, 奇数团簇具有较大的反磁矩; 基态结构中仅Mo3和Mo8有2μB的磁矩. 基态结构的二阶能量差分、垂直电离势和能隙均表明Mo5为幻数团簇, 并分析了其热力学性质.     

Coherent spin precession of electrons and excitons in charge tunable InP quantum dots

Coherent spin precession of electrons and excitons is observed in charge tunable InP quantum dots under the transverse magnetic field by means of time-resolved Kerr rotation. In a quantum dot doped by one electron, spin precession of the doped electron in the quantum dot starts out of phase with spin precession of the doped electrons in a GaAs substrate just after a trion is formed and persists for more than 2 ns even after the trion recombines. Simultaneously spin precession of a trion (hole) starts. Observation of spin precession of both a doped electron and a trion (hole) confirms creating coherent superposition of an electron and a trion as the initialization process of spin of doped electrons in quantum dots. In a neutral quantum dot, the exciton spin precession starts out of phase with spin precession of the doped electrons in a GaAs substrate and the precession frequency does not converge to 0 at the zero field limit. It contains the electron–hole exchange interaction and corresponds to the splitting between bright and dark excitons under the transverse magnetic field.     

Quasiballistic magnetization reversal

We demonstrate a quasiballistic switching of the magnetization in a microscopic magnetoresistive memory cell. By means of time resolved magnetotransport, we follow the large angle precession of the free layer magnetization of a spin valve cell upon application of transverse magnetic field pulses. Stopping the field pulse after a 180 degrees precession rotation leads to magnetization reversal with reversal times as short as 165 ps. This switching mode represents the fundamental ultrafast limit of field induced magnetization reversal.     

超声波在磁性液体中的传播特性

本文报道超声波在磁性液体中的传播特性,首先研究了磁化状态建立与消失的弛豫过程,弛豫时间约20min,为了保证平衡状态下进行测量,所有数据均为附加磁场60min后进行的测量,然后在f=4HMz下,测量了φ=0,π/2的声速与磁场的关系,声速与磁性液体中磁性颗粒浓度的关系,对有关理论进行了解释。 关键词：     

化学位移张量的测量

对于刚性晶格中的分子,化学位移是与外加磁场空间取向相关的张量,这个张量有6个独立的分量. 化学位移张量也可以利用其主轴分量及主轴与晶体坐标系的方向余弦来表示. 很显然,知道了固体分子中各不等价位置处的化学位移张量,就可以推测出分子中电子分布的图象,具有重要意义. 本文首先描述了化学位移张量测量的理论,对测量化学位移 各 向异性的各种方法作了介绍和比较,并详细论述了一些常用的方法,如二维魔角跳旋转(M a gic Angle Hopping, MAH)、二维魔角慢旋转(Magic Angle Turning, MAT)和二维变相旋转边带分离（2D phase-adjusted spinning sidebands, 2D-PASS）技术等. 最后,还介绍了单晶化学位移张量的常规测量方法.     

共振线极化光实现原子矢量磁力仪的理论研究

共振线偏振光激发原子张量磁矩,本文理论研究在矢量磁场和射频场的共同作用下,张量磁矩进动的模型,求解刘维尔方程获得透射光时域完整解析解,包括直流、一次和二次谐波分量.研究发现:当进动的拉比频率Ω1/(22~(1/2))时,两谐波间的干涉效应使直流分量和一次谐波对称成分的单吸收峰劈裂成双峰,裂距((Ω~2+Ω~4-Ω~2-1)~(3/2))~(1/2),一次谐波反对称成分在共振处产生干涉条纹.研究结果显示,谐波间的干涉也可导致直流分量和二次谐波线宽仅为一次谐波线宽的38%,且存在磁场取向临界点,在不同的取向区间分别利用直流及两谐波共振信号辨析磁场变化,可获得最佳测磁灵敏度;同时还可通过共振时直流分量及两谐波对称成分振幅来确定磁场与激光极化方向的夹角,利用两谐波反对称成分相移的差值来确定待测磁场在垂直光极化方向投影与射频场方向的夹角,进而实现结构简单的张量磁矩进动型矢量磁力仪.这种磁力仪适合构成磁力仪阵列,可用于磁定位、水下磁异常源的检测和地磁导航等领域.     

Practical aspects of shimming a high resolution magic angle spinning probe

High resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) has become an extremely versatile tool to study heterogeneous systems. HRMAS relies on magic angle spinning of the sample to average out to zero magnetic susceptibility differences in the sample and to obtain resonance linewidths approaching those of liquid state NMR. Shimming such samples therefore becomes an important issue. By analyzing the different sources of magnetic field perturbations present in a sample under MAS conditions, we propose a simple protocol to obtain optimum shim settings in HRMAS. In the case of aqueous samples, we show that the lock level cannot be used as a reliable indicator of the quality of the shims at high spinning speeds. This effect is explained by the presence of temperature gradients imparted by the sample rotation.     

On the gravitational radiation of an oblique rotator

The magnetic hydrodynamical model of an oblique rotator with arbitrary inclination angle is given. It is shown that in its gravitational radiation spectra there are the first and the second harmonics of the rotation frequency, the first being completely due to the newtonian stresses. Generation of the first harmonic is not accompanied by precession of the magnetic axis. Polarisation of gravitational radiation is also calculated for both harmonics.     

Energy shift effect of exciting gamma line on perturbed angular distribution of resonantly scattered photons

The effect of the exciting gamma line energy shift on the resonant scattering of 129.4 FeV gamma rays of Ir-191 was observed. It was found that the rotation angle of the nuclear precession in the magnetic field depended on this shift. It manifested as a variation with the scattering angle of the shape of the carve, which describes the scattered photon intensity as a function of the shift.     

Nuclear spin gyroscope based on an atomic comagnetometer

We describe a nuclear spin gyroscope based on an alkali-metal-noble-gas comagnetometer. Optically pumped alkali-metal vapor is used to polarize the noble-gas atoms and detect their gyroscopic precession. Spin precession due to magnetic fields as well as their gradients and transients can be cancelled in this arrangement. The sensitivity is enhanced by using a high-density alkali-metal vapor in a spin-exchange relaxation free regime. With a K-3He comagnetometer we demonstrate rotation sensitivity of 5 x 10(-7) rad s(-1) Hz(-1/2), equivalent to a magnetic field sensitivity of 2.5 fT/Hz(1/2). The rotation signal can be increased by a factor of 10 using 21Ne with a smaller magnetic moment. The comagnetometer is also a promising tool in searches for anomalous spin couplings beyond the standard model.     

Some principles in choosing parameters of magnetic resonance tomographs

The problem of amplifying the signal that ensures the visualization of internal organs in the magnetic resonance tomograph due to the optimal selection of some of its parameters has been considered. The operating principle of the tomograph has been analyzed. The relation between the angle of the magnetic moment precession in hydrogen nuclei in an organism, the frequency of the ac magnetic field exciting this precession, and the constant magnetic field used has been determined using quantum-mechanical concepts. This relation makes it possible to determine the optimal parameters for tomograph operation.

     

A neutron resonance spin echo spectrometer for quasi-elastic and inelastic scattering

We propose a modified neutron spin echo (NSE) spectrometer using high frequency spin flippers to replace the static spin flipper and the long magnetic precession field in each arm of the classicalspin echo setup. The spectrometer is suitable for quasi-elastic as well as inelastic scattering and can work with an arbitrary magnetic field on the sample. The restrictions on sample size and scattering angle can be relaxed, in comparison with the classical NSE method.     

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2合金磁畴偏转的滞回特性研究

研究了不同载荷作用下Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe₂合金在压磁和磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转的滞回特性. 基于Stoner-Wolhfarth模型的能量极小原理, 采用绘制自由能-磁畴偏转角度关系曲线的求解方法, 研究了压磁和磁弹性效应中载荷作用下的磁畴角度偏转和磁化过程, 计算分析了不同载荷作用下磁畴偏转的滞回特性. 研究表明, 压磁和磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转均存在明显的滞回、跃迁效应, 其中磁化强度的滞回效应来源于磁畴偏转的角度跃迁; 压磁效应中预加磁场的施加将增大磁化强度的滞回, 同时使滞回曲线向大压应力方向偏移; 磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转的滞回存在两个临界磁场强度, 不同磁场强度下合金具有不同的磁畴偏转路径和磁化滞回曲线, 临界磁场强度的大小取决于预压应力的施加. 理论分析对类磁致伸缩材料磁畴偏转模型的完善和材料器件的设计应用非常有意义.     

Co@Au_n(n=1～8)团簇的几何结构和电子性质的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函PW91方法研究了Co@Au_n（n=1～8）团簇的平衡结构、稳定性和磁矩.结构优化显示Co原子在低能异构体中趋于占据最高配位位置,基态Co@Au_n（n=2～6）团簇为二维结构,Co@Au₇和Co@Au8转变为三维结构.原子平均结合能、二阶能量差分及HOMO-LUMO能级间隙分析表明掺杂Co原子提高了金团簇的稳定性,改变了金团簇能级间隙的奇偶振荡性,n=5为掺杂团簇的幻数.磁矩的计算揭示Co@Au_n团簇的磁性主要源于Co原子的3d轨道.     

二维简谐势阱中旋转理想玻色气体热力学性质的修正

利用截断求和方法修正了二维简谐势阱中旋转理想玻色气体的热力学性质.对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)临界温度的修正表明:旋转框架下的BEC临界温度随旋转频率增大而快速趋近于零,到达势阱特征频率时,基态将会发生从BEC态到强关联非凝聚态的转变;由合成磁场引起的旋转对BEC临界温度的影响则要弱得多.对旋转导致的抗磁性的修正表明:磁化强度随旋转频率和合成磁场的增大而增强.利用截断求和方法计算的结果与考虑有限尺度效应的修正结果获得了很好的一致.     

Co@Aun(n=1-8)团簇的几何结构和电子性质的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函PW91方法研究了Co@Aun(n=1-8)团簇的平衡结构、稳定性和磁矩。结构优化显示Co原子在低能异构体中趋于占据最高配位位置,基态Co@Aun(n=2-6)团簇为二维结构,Co@Au7和Co@Au8转变为三维结构。原子平均结合能、二阶能量差分及HOMO-LUMO能级间隙分析表明掺杂Co原子提高了金团簇的稳定性,改变了金团簇能级间隙的奇偶振荡性,n=5为掺杂团簇的幻数。磁矩的计算揭示Co@Aun团簇的磁性主要源于Co原子的3d轨道。     

Doping of magic nanoclusters in the submonolayer In/Si(100) system

Si(100)4 x 3-In reconstruction is essentially a superlattice of magic (identical-size) Si7In6 nanoclusters. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations, we have found that under appropriate growth conditions up to 35% of these clusters can be modified; namely, two Si atoms in the cluster can be replaced by two In atoms, thus forming a Si5In8 cluster. This modification can be considered as a doping of the magic cluster, as it changes the electronic properties of the cluster from semiconducting towards metallic. The doped cluster is less rigid than the ordinary one and swings in the electrical field of the STM tip. The atomic structure and stability of the doped magic cluster have been examined using first-principles total-energy calculations.     

The evaluation of different MAS techniques at low spinning rates in aqueous samples and in the presence of magnetic susceptibility gradients

It was recently demonstrated that the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) linewidths for stationary biological samples are dictated mainly by magnetic susceptibility gradients, and that phase-altered spinning sideband (PASS) and phase-corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) solid-state NMR techniques employing slow and ultra-slow magic angle spinning (MAS) frequencies can be used to overcome the static susceptibility broadening to yield high-resolution, spinning sideband (SSB)-free 1H NMR spectra [Magn. Reson. Med. 46 (2001) 213; 47 (2002) 829]. An additional concern is that molecular diffusion in the presence of the susceptibility gradients may limit the minimum useful MAS frequency by broadening the lines and reducing SSB suppression at low spinning frequencies. In this article the performance of PASS, PHORMAT, total sideband suppression (TOSS), and standard MAS techniques were evaluated as a function of spinning frequency. To this end, 300MHz (7.05T) 1H NMR spectra were acquired via PASS, TOSS, PHORMAT, and standard MAS NMR techniques for a 230-microm-diameter spherical glass bead pack saturated with water. The resulting strong magnetic susceptibility gradients result in a static linewidth of about 3.7kHz that is larger than observed for a natural biological sample, constituting a worst-case scenario for examination of susceptibility broadening effects. RESULTS: (I) TOSS produces a distorted centerband and fails in suppressing the SSBs at a spinning rate below approximately 1kHz. (II) Standard MAS requires spinning speeds above a few hundred Hz to separate the centerband from the SSBs. (III) PASS produces nearly SSB-free spectra at spinning speeds as low as 30Hz, and is only limited by T(2)-induced signal losses. (IV) With PHORMAT, a SSB-free isotropic projection is obtained at any spinning rate, even at an ultra-slow spinning rate as slow as 1Hz. (V) It is found empirically that the width of the isotropic peak is proportional to F(-x), where F is the spinning frequency, and x=2 for MAS, 0.84 for PASS, and 0.5 for PHORMAT.