Design and synthesis of a modified band-pass optical filter

The reflection and transmission coefficients of two-component and three-component dielectric multilayered periodic structures (2CODMS and 3CODMS) are derived using the transfer matrix method. The width of the high reflectance zone in the case of two-and three-component systems is derived and computed using suitable parameters. Numerical calculations for long-and short-wavelength cutoff band-pass filters of various structures are shown in a three-component system. Comparison is also done for 2CODMS for long-and short-wavelength cutoff filters. Spectral properties of interference reflection filters of the type [G(XY)A], whose components represent long-wavelength cutoff [X] and short-wavelength cutoff [Y], are also studied. The reflection and transmission bandwidth of the high reflectance zone is presented. Optimization is done in three-component systems to make it suitable for ideal long-and short-wavelength band-pass filters.     

薄膜截止滤光片的消偏振设计

薄膜截止滤光片在倾斜入射时不可避免地会产生s和p二个偏振分量的分离,因而在许多应用,特别是光通讯的应用中成为一个棘手的难题。提出了一种新的设计方法,对最常用的45°入射角,实现了长波通和短波通两种截止滤光片的完全消偏振, 在透射率为50%处,其偏振分离分别为0.3 nm和0.1 nm。基本的设计方法是采用宽带法布里珀罗薄膜干涉滤光片中心波长两侧的干涉带作为长波通或短波通截止滤光片的初始膜系,然后经过适当的优化以提高透射带的透射率。宽带干涉滤光片的间隔层常由半波长厚度的高、低折射率混合膜层组成,如2H2L2H或2L2H2L。由于这种设计的截止区和透射带带宽常嫌不足,故提出了展宽截止区和透射带的方法。对一个典型的短波通截止滤光片,在波长1550 nm,截止区和透射带宽均达到了200 nm。这种设计方法不仅简单、性能优良,而且膜厚控制容差较大,故易于制造。     

具有鲁棒性的矩形窄带滤光片的自动设计

分析了用于WDM光纤通信系统的全介质多腔窄带滤光片的膜系结构特点及其所必须具备的光学特性,提出了一种利用最优化方法的原理,通过计算机寻优来自动完成其膜系设计的方法;构造了合理的评价函数,编制了可自动搜索既满足设计目标、又具有鲁棒性的最优化膜系的计算机程序;使用本程序所设计出的多腔窄带滤光片具有较小的纹波系数和较好的矩形度,可满足WDM光纤通信系统对其分波/复波器的要求.     

Wavelength tuning of multimode interference bandpass filters by mechanical bending: experiment and theory in comparison

We present the tuning of multimode interference bandpass filters made of standard fibers by mechanical bending. Our setup allows continuous adjustment of the bending radius from infinity down to about 5?cm. The impact of bending on the transmission spectrum and on polarization is investigated experimentally, and a filter with a continuous tuning range of 13.6?nm and 86?% peak transmission was realized. By use of numerical simulations employing a semi-analytical mode expansion approach, we obtain quantitative understanding of the underlying physics. Further breakdown of the governing equations enables us to identify the fiber parameters that are relevant for the design of customized filters.     

一种双反射壁型二维光子晶体窄带滤波器

提出了一种基于双反射壁型结构的光子晶体窄带滤波器, 该滤波器由一个单模谐振腔和两个反射壁构成. 通过调节谐振腔与反射壁之间的距离可以改变滤波谱线的带宽. 利用时域有限差分法进行仿真分析, 结果表明, 该滤波器的工作频率在193.40 THz附近, 带宽小于5.9 GHz, 峰值透射率高达94%, 工作区域长度仅有9 μm. 该器件可应用于密集波分复用系统.     

Transmission characteristics of photonic crystal waveguides with stubs and their application to optical filters

We study the transmission characteristics of a photonic crystal waveguide with a single stub of a finite length and propose a double-stub waveguide structure for its application to optical filters. The proposed device operates as a Fabry-Perot interferometer and can be used as a broad bandstop filter and a narrow bandpass filter. These filters are inherently compact and their center frequency is given by the resonant frequency of the stub.     

Ultra-narrow angle-tunable Fabry–Perot bandpass interference filter for use as tuning element in infrared lasers

We have developed a bandpass infrared interference filter with sufficiently narrow bandwidth to be potentially suitable for tuning a self-stabilizing external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (ECQCL) in single-mode operation and describe the process parameters for fabrication of such filters with central wavelengths in the 3–12 μm range. The filter has a passband width of 6 nm or 0.14% with peak transmission of 55% and a central wavelength of approximately 4.0 μm. It can be tuned through over 4% by tilting with respect to the incident beam and offers orders of magnitude larger angular dispersion than diffraction gratings. We compare filters with single-cavity and coupled-cavity Fabry–Perot designs.     

包含源与负载耦合的滤波器诊断与调试方法

柯西法目前仅适用于诊断不包含源与负载耦合的带通滤波器。为解决这一问题,提出了一种能够诊断包含源与负载耦合的带通、带阻谐振腔滤波器的方法。利用遗传算法优化获得源与负载耦合系数并移除滤波器输入/输出端口处传输线引起的S参数的相位加载效应;使用柯西法一步确定仿真S参数对应的特征多项式;从获得的源与负载耦合系数和特征多项式中,利用已有的技术诊断出N+2阶耦合矩阵。此方法可用于指导滤波器的调试,通过对比理想的耦合矩阵与提取的耦合矩阵之间的差异,可确定滤波器问题出自何处以及调试的方向,从而加快滤波器的设计与实现。     

An improved transmitting multi-layer thin-film filter

The angular resolutions of the phase-shifted Rugate thin-film filters, the ultra-narrow bandpass filters, and a cutoff filter-combination device are discussed, and the electric field distributions of the filters are compared. The results show that the three transmitting multi-layer thin-film filters can realize the same angular resolution, but the electric field in the cutoff filter-combination device is the lowest. Because a lower electric-field distribution corresponds to a higher laser-induced damage threshold of the thin films, the cutoff filter-combination device may replace the traditional spatial filters in high power laser systems.     

基于科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器

太赫兹滤波器是太赫兹通信、太赫兹成像和太赫兹检测等太赫兹应用系统中不可或缺的功能器件。按照不同的分类方式,滤波器有不同的种类,常见的按照选频功能可分为高通滤波器、低通滤波器、带阻滤波器和带通滤波器。为了实现在太赫兹波段的滤波效果,世界各地的研究人员利用不同的结构、材料和控制方式实现了功能各异的太赫兹滤波器,但是考虑到设计的器件要应用到太赫兹系统中,成本低廉、结构简单、性能优越的太赫兹滤波器一直是研究人员的追求。分形概念自提出以来在很多研究领域都有了快速发展,但是在太赫兹波段的应用还不是很常见,特别是应用于太赫兹功能器件的设计。引入分形中科赫曲线的概念设计并制备了一种新型的太赫兹带通滤波器,该滤波器是在金属薄膜上刻蚀出科赫曲线分形结构,当太赫兹波垂直入射到该滤波器时候实现了在太赫兹波段的窄带滤波。在滤波器的设计过程中,追求理论与实验相结合,首先在电磁仿真软件中建立科赫曲线分形结构滤波器模型进行计算,探究分形结构应用于太赫兹波段进行滤波的可行性,在进行多次计算之后得到优化后的尺寸和结构,然后根据优化后的尺寸加工出科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹滤波器样品,并且将样品放在太赫兹时域光谱系统中进行实验测量,得到实验数据后与仿真结果进行比较。在仿真中利用了时域有限差分法模拟科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器的传输特性,优化后的仿真结果表明:滤波器的谐振频率为0.715 THz,透射系数能够达到0.92,-3 dB带宽为21.9 GHz,将仿真得到的散射参数进行S参数反演得到了太赫兹滤波器样品的电磁参数,这在理论上分析了太赫兹波在谐振点处产生透射增强的原因。利用飞秒激光微加工系统制备了尺寸优化后的科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器样品,然后使用太赫兹时域光谱系统对样品的传输特性进行测试,对实验得到的时域数据进行快速傅里叶变换之后得到频域数据,再把频域数据进行归一化处理后与之前的电磁仿真结果进行对比,发现实验测得的结果与电磁软件仿真得到的结果较为吻合。     

Spatiotemporal shaping of terahertz pulses

We report temporal shaping of few-cycle terahertz pulses, using a slit in a conductive screen as a high-pass filter. The filter's cutoff frequency was tuned by changing the width of the slit; the slope of the cutoff transition was altered by changing the thickness of the screen. We measured the transmission function of the filters, using large-aperture photoconducting antennas to create and detect the incident and transmitted electric field. Our experimental results were in excellent agreement with the performed finite-difference time-domain simulations of the propagation of the pulse through the slit. When the screen thickness was greater than the slit width, the filter was well modeled by a short, planar waveguide. Using a simple transfer function, we accurately describe the sharp cutoff and dispersion of such a filter.     

Experimental demonstration of a narrowband, angular tolerant, polarization independent, doubly periodic resonant grating filter

Resonant grating filters are promising components for free-space narrowband filtering. Unfortunately, due to their weak angular tolerance, their performances are strongly deteriorated when they are illuminated with a standard collimated beam. Yet this problem can be overcome by resorting to a complex periodic pattern known as the doubly periodic grating [Lemarchand et al., Opt. Lett.23, 1149 (1998)]. We report what we believe to be the first experimental fabrication and characterization of a bidimensional doubly periodic grating filter. We obtained a 0.5 nm bandpass polarization independent reflection filter for telecom wavelengths (1520-1570 nm) that presents a transmittivity minimum of 18% with a standard incident collimated beam.     

Transmission characteristics of multilayer films composed of electro-optic and dielectric materials

We describe the theoretical evaluation for the transmission characteristics of multilayer films composed of periodic electro-optic and dielectric materials in a variable electric field. The films are assumed to have cavity-type layer stacking structures, which work as a narrow bandpass filter, and their electro-optic material is uni-axial BaTiO₃, whose electro-optic coefficient r₅₁ is larger than 1300 pm/V. The evaluation indicates that films composed of BaTiO₃ and SiO₂ or MgO function as tunable optical bandpass filters, with a tunable range larger than 6 nm for an electric field of less than 4 V/μm.     

Integrated optical filter arrays fabricated by using the combinatorial etching technique

A combinatorial etching technique is developed to fabricate integrated narrow bandpass filters on a single substrate. It is highly efficient for fabrication of integrated filter arrays in optical regions. A monolithic filter array has been fabricated by using the technique with a two-step deposition process. The filter contains 32 elements in the near-infrared region. The relative full width at half-maximum (FWHM) sigmalambda/lambda of the filter elements is less than 0.2%. Such a narrow bandpass filter array can be utilized in many optical applications.     

Wavelength-selective coupling of dual-core photonic crystal fiber with a hybrid light-guiding mechanism

A novel class of wavelength-selective coupling photonic crystal fiber (PCF) that operates by a hybrid light-guiding mechanism has been proposed. Different from the traditional PCF coupler operating principle, this fiber coupler shares properties of both the total internal reflection index-guided and the photonic bandgap mechanism. This coupler allows highly accurate control of the filtering wavelength; both bandstop and bandpass filters can be easily implemented. The spectral transmission results demonstrate that the bandpass characteristic of the coupler is very narrow and free of sidelobes. Moreover, the operating wavelength and the coupling length can be continuously tuned by changing the refractive index of the filling material. This research gives a physical insight into the propagation mechanism in the PCF coupler and is crucial for future applications of the proposed device.     

Evaluation of an auditory model for echo delay accuracy in wideband biosonar

In a psychophysical task with echoes that jitter in delay, big brown bats can detect changes as small as 10-20 ns at an echo signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 49 dB and 40 ns at approximately 36 dB. This performance is possible to achieve with ideal coherent processing of the wideband echoes, but it is widely assumed that the bat's peripheral auditory system is incapable of encoding signal waveforms to represent delay with the requisite precision or phase at ultrasonic frequencies. This assumption was examined by modeling inner-ear transduction with a bank of parallel bandpass filters followed by low-pass smoothing. Several versions of the filterbank model were tested to learn how the smoothing filters, which are the most critical parameter for controlling the coherence of the representation, affect replication of the bat's performance. When tested at a signal-to-noise ratio of 36 dB, the model achieved a delay acuity of 83 ns using a second-order smoothing filter with a cutoff frequency of 8 kHz. The same model achieved a delay acuity of 17 ns when tested with a signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB. Jitter detection thresholds were an order of magnitude worse than the bat for fifth-order smoothing or for lower cutoff frequencies. Most surprising is that effectively coherent reception is possible with filter cutoff frequencies well below any of the ultrasonic frequencies contained in the bat's sonar sounds. The results suggest that only a modest rise in the frequency response of smoothing in the bat's inner ear can confer full phase sensitivity on subsequent processing and account for the bat's fine acuity or delay.     

宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波的研究

对宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波进行了理论和实验研究。首先给出了一种新型的双折射干涉滤波器的原理和设计，得到了输出滤波光谱强度分布的解析表达式。然后进行了15fs宽带脉冲的干涉滤波的实验研究，实验得到了一组性能良好的透射和反射输出的干涉滤波谱图，实验测量与理论计算基本一致。同时还分析了群速失配以及色散对宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波的影响。结果表明这种滤波器对宽带飞秒脉冲有很好的干涉滤波作用，能同时前向透射和侧向反射干涉滤波输出，且无插入功率损耗，可以用来获得波长稳定的多波长可调谐超短脉冲光源。对于飞秒脉冲干涉滤波器的设计和应用具有重要的参考价值。     

含有光纤光栅的萨尼亚克环的透射特性分析

详细分析了由光纤光栅和萨尼亚克（Sagnac)环构成的透射滤波器的特性,给出了在均匀光纤光栅的情况下,该滤波器透过率的解析公式,结果表明该滤波器的透射光谱是余弦函数调制后的光纤光栅反射光谱,当光纤光栅是“强”耦合时,该滤波器可以构成多通带滤波器,而当纤光栅为“弱”耦合时,该滤波器可以构成单通带滤波器,这些滤波器可应用于现代光纤通信系统中。     

直线型端口类盒型拓扑结构微带滤波器设计

针对微波带通滤波器小型化、高性能的应用需求,研究了基于双模方形环谐振器的直线型端口的两阶带通滤波器响应特性,进一步提出使用单模谐振器和双模谐振器相结合设计直线型端口的高阶微带带通滤波器。提出的直线型端口双模方形环微带滤波器具有类盒型拓扑结构,能够实现灵活的频率响应特性,而且传输零点的位置可调,能够满足不同的应用需求。由于存在寄生的对角交叉耦合路径,提出的类盒型拓扑结构微带滤波器可以实现一个额外的传输零点。为了验证结构和设计方法的可行性,设计了两款中心频率为5.2 GHz的三阶和五阶带通滤波器,最后进行加工和测试。耦合矩阵响应、仿真和测试结果一致性较好,表明了该结构实现高性能滤波器的可行性。     

New dual-mode square patch bandpass filter using CSRR slot-type perturbation

A compact dual-mode microstrip bandpass filter using square-patch resonator and a new perturbation element is designed in this letter. This new slot-type element is composed by a complement split-ring resonator (CSRR) with two pairs of etching slots. The nature of coupling between the degenerate modes is investigated with respect to the perturbation size. By proper arranging the orientations of the CSRRs, new coupling characteristics can be obtained. The proposed dual mode bandpass filters are designed, and simulated. The simulation and measure results of proposed bandpass filter are reasonable.