Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 10, 11-epoxy acylide erythromycin derivatives

A series of novel acylide derivatives have been synthesized from clarithromycin A via a facile procedure. The C-3 modifications involved replacing the natural C-3 cladinosyl group in clarithromycin core with different aryl-piperzine sidechain via chemical synthesis. Meanwhile a distinctive intermediate with 10,11-epoxy moiety was obtained. The structure and stereochemistry of this novel structure were confirmed via NMR and X-ray crystallography. Potential anti-bacterial activities against both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria were reported. Because of existence of C10,11-epoxide, these derivatives can be used as intermediates for further structural modification.     

Synthesis of macrolide antibiotics. 20. Synthesis of erythronolide A

A complete, stereocontrolled synthesis for erythronolide A was carried out by fusion of the (C⁹-C¹³)+(C⁷-C⁸)+(C¹-C⁶) fragments from levoglucosan in 61 steps with 0.28% total yield.For previous communication, see [1].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 195–199, January, 1990.     

Regioselectivity and crystal structure of erythromycin A oxime ketal derivatives

Three crystal structures of 2′, 4″-O-bis(trimethylsilyl) erythromycin A oxime ketal derivatives were determined and compared. Analogous protective groups on 9-oxime possessed various conformations, which resulted in very different steric congestion around 11-OH. The study on the conformations revealed the origin of the difference of regioselectivity as well as the reversal of selectivity from 11-OH to 6-OH.     

哒嗪酮-类肟醚菊酯衍生物的合成研究

从2-叔丁基-4,5-二氯哒嗪酮出发,以两种方法合成了中间体2-叔丁基-4-氯-5-(4-溴甲基苯氧)哒嗪酮(3)。3与肟反应合成了含哒嗪酮的苄基肟醚类化合物4a～4l。在相转移催化条件下,3与芳香醛肟反应得到单一的产物4,与芳香酮肟反应则生成4和5的混合物。文中讨论了反应物的空间效应、亲核试剂对该反应区域选择性的影响,并论证了产物的构型。     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of lactivicin derivatives

The chemical modification of the 4-acetylamino group on the cycloserine moiety of lactivicin (1a) was carried out. The lactivicin derivatives (1d, k--p and w) having heterocyclic acylamino groups which have been often utilized in beta-lactam antibiotics showed potent antibacterial activities. Ester prodrugs (7a--d) of lactivicin derivatives were also prepared in order to improve the bioavailability on oral administration. The pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) esters (7a and 7b) and 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl (EOE) ester (7c) were found to have slightly improved protective effect in vivo compared with their parent compounds 1c and 1k.     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of emodin and its derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Synthesis of the antibacterial emodin was improved using Friedel-Crafts acylation as a key step leading to 37% overall yield. In addition, 21 analogues were synthesized by structural modification of the hydroxyl and methyl groups, as well as the aromatic ring of emodin. Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cytotoxicity against noncancerous Vero cells were evaluated. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study indicated that the hydroxyl groups and the methyl group in the emodin skeleton were crucial for anti-MRSA activity. Furthermore, the presence of an iodine atom or ethylamino group on the aromatic ring enhanced the anti-MRSA activity with higher selectivity indices, while derivatives containing bromine, chlorine atoms or quaternary ammonium salt were as active as emodin. The quaternary ammonium group on the aromatic ring also led to non-cytotoxicity against Vero cells.     

Studies on antiallergic agents. I. Synthesis and antiallergic activity of novel pyrazine derivatives.

Various pyrazine derivatives were synthesized and their antiallergic activity was examined. The inhibitory activity on allergic histamine release of the compounds bearing a 5-tetrazolyl group was more potent than that of the corresponding carboxyl derivatives. The introduction of -CONH- or -NHCO- between the pyrazine ring and the 5-tetrazolyl group as a spacer greatly enhanced the activity. N-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (I-3) was estimated to exhibit nearly the same potency as disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The structure-activity relationship among various derivatives modified by introducing some substituents onto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the pyrazine ring of I-3 was investigated. The activity remained unchanged or was reduced when such substituents as methyl, chloro, methoxy, methylamino and dimethylamino were introduced at the 3- or 5-position. In contrast, 6-substitution with various alkylamino groups more or less increased the activity. Among them, the 6-dimethylamino (I-17c) and 6-(1-pyrrolidinyl) (I-34) derivative were proved to be most potent. The IC50 values (concentration which produces 50% inhibition of the allergic histamine release) of I-17c and I-34 were determined to be 4.7 x 10(-10) and 4.6 x 10(-10) M, respectively. These two compounds produced a potent inhibitory activity on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rat, not only by the intravenous route (ED50 = 0.0096 mg/kg for both compounds) but also by the oral route (ED50 = 0.19 and 0.18 mg/kg, respectively). On the other hand, when the pyrazine ring of some representative compounds was replaced with a pyridine ring, the inhibitory activity on histamine release was significantly reduced.     

1,2,4-噁二唑类化合物的合成及抗菌活性研究

以对溴苯腈为原料,通过多步反应合成了一系列3-(吗啉苯基)-5-取代-1,2,4-异噁唑类化合物和3-(吗啉苯基)-5-取代-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-噁二唑类化合物,并用1HNMR、13C NMR和MS进行了结构确证。这些化合物对测试的部分革兰氏阳性菌,如金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌显示出一定的抗菌活性,但与噁唑烷酮类上市药物利奈唑胺相比,抗菌活性有明显下降。这一结果表明对于化合物的抗菌活性,1,2,4-噁二唑杂环不如噁唑烷酮结构有效。     

芝麻酚酰胺类衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

以芝麻酚为原料,经醚化、硝化、还原和酰胺化合成了9个未见报道的新型芝麻酚酰胺衍生物.其结构经~1H NMR和IR表征,并测定了其抑菌活性.初步生物活性测试结果表明,目标化合物对所有供试病菌均有一定的抑菌活性.4a_4对番茄灰霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、小麦赤霉病菌有较好的抑菌活性.4b_1对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率达到95%;4b_2对番茄灰霉病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑制率达到90%以上;4b_3对番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑制率达到90%以上;4b_4对芹菜早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率达到90%以上;4c_1对芹菜早疫病菌、番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑制率达到均达到90%以上.     

Synthesis of macrolide antibiotics Communication 2. Synthesis of the C9-C13 fragment of erythronolides A and C and megalonolide

Conclusions The synthesis of the C⁹-C¹³ fragment of erythromycin A has been accomplished, starting from levoglusan (18 steps, 3.4%).For previous communications, see [1, 2].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2561–2568, November, 1982.     

Synthesis of macrolide antibiotics. 13. synthesis of certain derivatives of the seco-acid of erythronolide B

Conclusions The synthesis of 9-R-8-hydroxymethyl epi derivative of the seco acid 9-dihydroerythronolide B was carried out and its macrolactonization was studied.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 165–171, January, 1989.     

Sulfonylamidine-substituted derivatives of avibactam: Synthesis and antibacterial activity

Avibactam is a clinically approved non-β-lactam based β-lactamase inhibitor. Derivatization of this scaffold with improved inhibition profile is the demand of the day to cope with the future challenges. We successfully synthesized new derivatives of avibactam containing sulfonylamidine moieties at C2 position of the diazabicyclooctane ring. We tested in vitro antibacterial activities of newly synthesized compounds against 10 bacterial strains expressing variable β-lactamases. All compounds did not exhibit antimicrobial profile when assayed individually; however, all compounds minimized the MIC value of the imipenem in combination. Compound 5l proved most potent against all 10 bacterial strains, and showed improved inhibition against six bacterial strains as compared with the control inhibitor, relebactam. The compound 5l may be a lead hit for future development.     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of hydroxylated 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives

Abstract

N-acyliminium reagents formed in situ from benzothiazole and alkyl chloroformates react with hydroxyarenes in a Friedel-Crafts manner, providing access to 2-(hydroxyaryl)-benzothiazolines with antibacterial properties.