Resonant third harmonic generation of a short pulse laser in plasma by applying a wiggler magnetic field

We examine the effect of wiggler magnetic field on pulse slippage of short pulse laser-induced third harmonic generation in plasma. The process of third harmonic generation of an intense short pulse laser in plasma is resonantly enhanced by the application of a magnetic wiggler. The laser exerts a ponderomotive force at second harmonic driving density oscillations. The second harmonic oscillations coupled with electron velocity at the laser frequency, produces a non-linear current, driving the third harmonic. Third harmonic pulse generates in the fundamental pulse domain. However, the group velocity of the third harmonic wave is greater than the fundamental wave. Hence, the third harmonic pulse saturates strongly and moves forward from the fundamental pulse at shorter distance than the second harmonic pulse.     

Short pulse eye-safe laser with a stimulated Raman scattering self-conversion based on a Nd:KGW crystal

We present the results of a solid self-Raman laser based on a Nd:KGW crystal that is transversely pumped by laser diode bars. A beam of an eye-safe laser with a 31.8 mJ output energy and a 2.0 ns pulse width was obtained by applying a special s-polarized reflective resonator configuration in which the length of the Raman resonator was shorter than that of the fundamental radiation resonator. The eye-safe laser has the highest output energy and the shortest pulse width among the Nd:KGW lasers ever reported.     

Absorption notch in the spectrum of a transform limited pulse of small area

We consider the frequency distribution of the absorption when a short uncertainty broadened light pulse interacts with an atomic resonance sharp with respect to the spectral width of the pulse. We demonstrate theoretically that a sharp absorption notch within the frequency profile of an uncertainty broadened incident light pulse originates from destructive interference between the original pulse and the free induction tail of radiation of excited atoms. The notch is unambiguously observed for nanosecond pulses interacting with an atomic beam of sodium.     

Periodic structure created by a CO2-laser pulse incident on an open water surface

Experiments on the effect of a CO₂-laser pulse on an open water surface are reported. They testify that the multilayer periodic structure of the resultant scattering region is due to the intensity modulation at the trailing edge of the pulse. The generation of optoacoustic pulses is studied at two different values of laser-pulse length. The shorter laser pulse is obtained through the trailing-edge absorption in a laser-spark plasma produced by focusing the radiation.     

Coherent enhancement of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal by shaping femtosecond laser pulses

An optimal feedback control of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal is experimentally demonstrated by shaping femtosecond laser pulses based on genetic algorithm, and the frequency up-conversion efficiency can be enhanced by ∼16%. SPIDER results show that the optimal laser pulses have shorter pulse-width with the little negative chirp than the original pulse with the little positive chirp. By modulating the fundamental spectral phase with periodic square distribution on SLM-256, the frequency up-conversion can be effectively controlled by the factor of about 17%. The experimental results indicate that the broadband frequency up-conversion efficiency is related to both of second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG), where the former depends on the fundamental pulse intensity, and the latter depends on not only the fundamental pulse intensity but also the fundamental pulse spectral phase.     

Effects of transient local heating of spatially and spectrally heterogeneous biotissue by short laser pulses

Summary A new laser method for the spectroscopy of locally absorbing microvolumes much smaller than the radiation wavelength in size is discussed. Such an absorption is characteristic of biotissues and other biological media. The method allows data to be obtained on the size of local microvolumes absorbing at the radiation wavelength. It is based on the possibility of transient overheating of the microvolumes by means of an ultrashort pulse with a duration much shorter than the time it takes to heat to diffuse from the microvolumes. The pulse-heated microvolumes must have an altered refractive index leading to an additional scatter of another probe laser pulse, that is made to irradiate the medium under study after some delay. Besides, the locally heated microvolumes will have temperature-altered fluorescence induced either by the heating laser pulse or by an additional probe pulse at another wavelength more suitable for fluorescence excitation. Due to the relevance of its scientific content, this paper has been given priority by the Journal Direction.     

Emission of a spatially modulated resonant medium excited with superluminal velocity

Specific characteristics of the radiation of a resonant medium excited by an ultrashort light pulse propagating through the medium with a superluminal velocity are considered. The medium is assumed to consist of identical linear harmonic oscillators with a spatial density periodically modulated along the direction of propagation of the superluminal excitation. The field of radiation of the resonant medium under these conditions is calculated. It is shown that, under the superluminal excitation, the radiation spectrum of the medium shows, along with the fundamental frequency of the oscillators, new frequencies that depend on the spatial frequency of the distribution of oscillators and on the angle of observation. Possible application of the effect is discussed.     

On the feasibility of the coulomb explosion of a metal

The mechanism of the Coulomb explosion of a metal in an external pulsed electric field is discussed. In the case of a low-frequency field, when its frequency is lower than the frequency of electron collisions, it is impossible to reach the conditions of the Coulomb explosion of a metal if the field pulse duration is shorter than the time of electron energy relaxation upon elastic collisions, and the electron temperature is well above the Fermi energy and the work function. In the case of a high-frequency field, e.g., in a powerful pulse of ultraviolet laser radiation, the Coulomb explosion can occur if the field strength is well above the intraatomic field strength (i.e., when the laser power density is ≥10¹⁹ W/cm²).     

L波段微波脉冲对微型计算机的辐照效应实验

 在L波段使用1.3 GHz载波频率的微波脉冲辐照微型计算机主板,通过改变脉冲宽度、重复频率和脉冲串长度等参数,实验研究了微波脉冲辐照导致微型计算机失去响应的功率阈值的变化规律,讨论了L波段微波脉冲辐射的积累效应。实验结果表明：当微波脉冲宽度增加时,微波功率阈值下降;当微波脉冲重复频率升高时,微波功率阈值呈下降趋势;在固定重复频率的条件下,微波脉冲数目的增加也会导致微波功率阈值的下降;微波脉冲功率阈值始终小于连续波微波的功率阈值。当微波脉冲间隔时间较长或者脉冲宽度较宽时,微波功率阈值由单个微波脉冲的参数确定,与脉冲重复频率没有明显关系。利用假设的微波脉冲辐射积累效应,可以定性解释和分析微波脉冲辐照微型计算机实验中功率阈值变化的趋势。     

Influence of nonlinear effects on the results of measuring the ratio of ultrasound absorption in a liquid by the cavity method

We consider the problem of the influence of nonlinear effects on the results of measuring the ratio of ultrasound absorption by using a resonator cavity. The relative amplitudes and the frequency response function of a nonlinear ultrasonic cavity with plane piezoelectric converters were calculated. The ranges of operating frequencies, at which the influence of nonlinear effects is significant, are determined. It is shown that in the case of nonlinear oscillations, the relaxation time of the fundamental harmonic is significantly shorter than that for the linear regime, which leads to overestimation of the measured ultrasound absorption rate.     

Stability characteristic of hypersonic flow over a blunt wedge under freestream pulse wave

To investigate the stability characteristic of hypersonic flow under the action of a freestream pulse wave, a high-order finite difference method was employed to do direction numerical simulation (DNS) of hypersonic unsteady flow over an 8° half-wedge-angle blunt wedge with freestream slow acoustic wave. The evolution of disturbance wave modes in the boundary layer under a pulse wave and a continuous wave are compared, and the wall temperature effect on the hypersonic boundary layer stability for a pulse wave disturbance is discussed. Results show that, both for a pulse wave and a continuous wave in freestream, the disturbance waves inside the nose boundary layer are mainly a fundamental mode; the Fourier amplitude of pressure disturbance mode in the boundary layer for a pulse wave is far less than that for a continuous wave, and the band frequency of the former is wider than that of the latter. All disturbance modes decay rapidly along the streamwise in the nose boundary layer. In the non-nose boundary layer, the dominant mode is transferred from fundamental mode into second harmonic. The transformation of dominant mode for a pulse wave appears much earlier than that for a continuous wave. Different frequency disturbance modes present different changes along streamline in the boundary layer, and the frequency band narrows around the second harmonic mode along the streamwise. Keen competition and the transformation of energy exist among different modes in the boundary layer. Wall temperature modifies the stability characteristic of the hypersonic boundary layer, which presents little effect on the development of fundamental modes and cooling wall could accelerates the growth of the high frequency mode as well as the dominant mode transformation.     

Energy exchange between laser pulses in an atomic medium with a closed excitation contour

The effect the phase difference between carrier frequencies of two laser pulses has on their propagation in an optically dense medium of three-level point scatterers is investigated. The medium is exposed to constant radiation, creating a closed excitation contour. Situations are considered for pulse durations shorter and longer than the lifetime of the excited state of scatterers.     

Z箍缩等离子体振荡引起的电磁脉冲辐射

从理论上研究了Z箍缩过程中单模的等离子体振荡引起的电磁脉冲辐射。当模式扰动的相速度大于真空中的光速时,电磁脉冲辐射具有类似于切伦科夫辐射的角分布特征,并且随着相速度的增大这种定向辐射特征越显著;不同波长的电磁辐射也具有不同的角分布特征,短波长的电磁脉冲具有更好的定向性。电磁辐射功率强烈依赖于电子的等离子体振荡频率和等离子体柱的半径。     

Testing a thermoacoustic sensor of high-power microwave pulses

We present the results of testing a new thermoacoustic sensor designed to detect microwave pulses having durations from 3 to 120 ns at wavelengths of 0.8 and 3 cm. Operation of the sensor is based on the effect of generation of acoustic signals during absorption of microwave pulses in a radiotransparent substrate–absorber–liquid layered structure . A thin nanometer-thick film deposited on a substrate is used as an absorber. Microwaves are converted to an acoustic pulse in the film and the adjacent liquid. The pulse is received by a wideband acoustic receiver and then recorded by a digital oscilloscope. It is shown that for a pulse duration of 120 ns, the shape of the signal recorded by the thermoacoustic sensor completely corresponds to the signal of a tube-diode detector of microwave pulses. The response of the thermoacoustic sensor to shorter pulses (3 and 5 ns long) is a pulse with a duration of 18 ns which is determined by a limited frequency band of the acoustic receiver.     

影响单电子非线性汤姆孙散射因素的研究

应用电子汤姆孙散射的经典理论，通过理论分析和计算机模拟，研究了超短超强激光脉冲作用下电子产生的辐射脉冲的性质.计算表明，在这种情况下，电子的辐射通常以阿秒脉冲列的形式出现.讨论了不同激光场参数（包括激光强度、脉宽、初相位和偏振态）、不同电子初始状态（初始速度和位置）对辐射脉冲的时间和空间特性的影响.通常在相对论光强条件下，激光强度越大，电子辐射越强，脉宽越窄，中心频率越大，并且方向性越好；电子在线偏振激光中产生的辐射效率，比在同样强度下圆偏振激光中产生的效率更高；无论入射光是线偏振光，还是圆偏振光,辐射场呈现较复杂的偏振态, 并且它与辐射方向有关.当电子具有一定的初始能量时，通常辐射场的振幅随电子初始能量的增大而增大.不管电子的初始能量以及运动方向如何，做相对论运动的电子产生的辐射趋向于出现在靠近电子运动方向的角度区域.     

Phase reset of complex oscillations by a pulsed action

The effect of phase reset in a complex oscillatory system under the action of an external pulse is investigated. After the pulse action, the phase of oscillations in the system acquires a new value, which is virtually independent of the initial phase and is only determined by the pulse parameters (the amplitude and the duration). The phase reset is observed for pulses of different durations, including those considerably shorter than the characteristic scale of oscillations in the system. The effect occurs without any fundamental difference for the cases of regular and chaotic oscillations.     

Induced resonant transparency of magnetic materials for gamma radiation: Propagation dynamics

The theory of spatiotemporal dynamics of gamma radiation in a resonant medium upon excitation of two-frequency gamma magnetic resonance in magnetic materials is considered. The radiation absorption at the fundamental frequency and the harmonic generation are investigated under conditions when the frequency of gamma radiation is shifted by the half-sum or half-difference of the frequencies of radio-frequency magnetic fields. It is shown that the propagation of gamma radiation through an absorber is characterized by a steady-state gamma intensity (resonant transparency). A consistent radio-frequency spectral analysis demonstrates that the intensities of harmonics drastically change at the transparency region boundaries due to nonlinear interference. The theory of quantum and dynamical beats of synchrotron radiation under conditions of induced resonant transparency is proposed.     

Nonlinear interaction of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave with a dense laser plasma

The interaction of an intense circularly polarized laser pulse with a layer of plasma of supercritical density is studied. The nonlinear skin effect for the electromagnetic field and the coefficient of collisionless absorption of the laser pulse were calculated analytically. It is shown that, in the process of interaction with the plasma, the laser pulse generates solitons propagating through the plasma layer and transferring the radiation through the opaque medium. The coefficient of transparency of the plasma layer for the soliton-like penetration of the laser radiation was calculated. The plasma parameters at which the collisionless absorption is small as compared to the transformation of the laser energy into solitons were found.     

Photoinduced absorption of THz radiation in semi-insulating GaAs crystal

The influence of optical illumination on transmission of THz radiation through a bulk crystal of semi-insulating GaAs is experimentally studied. It is established that, without additional illumination, absorption of electromagnetic waves with a frequency of about 1 THz in the studied crystal is almost absent. Optical illumination in the spectral range of fundamental absorption of the crystal does not affect the transmission of THz waves. At the same time, if the illumination photon energy is a little below the edge of fundamental absorption, i.e., actually in the transparency region, the transmission of THz radiation drops sharply. At liquid helium temperature, the maximum effect is achieved for the energy of optical photons lower by approximately 30 meV than the crystal band gap. Further shift of the illumination toward lower photon energies is accompanied by almost complete recovery of the transmission. With increasing sample temperature, the spectral range of efficient action of the illumination shifts together with the edge of fundamental absorption toward lower photon energies.     

Anomalous heat flux inhibition under high frequency radiation pulse absorption in electron-ion collisions

Anomalous heat flux inhibition under high frequency radiation pulse absorption in electron-ion collisions is revealed for plasma with multiply charged ions. The inhibition takes place in time moments greater than momentum relaxation time, but less than energy relaxation time of the electrons, which give main contribution to the heat flux value.