Die rotationssymmetrische dünne Zylinderschale aus ideal-plastischem Material

Summary I. This report on thin-walled circular cylindrical shells of ideal-plastic material obeying the exact Tresca yield condition consists of two main parts. In the first part a general method of solution for exact collapse loads for 1° rigid-plastic material, 2° axially symmetrical loading, 3° radial load and axial load constant or piecewise constant over the shell length is illustrated by a number of examples. The case of a ring force previously treated byG. Eason [7] is generalised by inclusion of axial loading and admission of various end conditions. For the case of a distributed radial load and an axial load exact solutions are given.     

Kollapsbelastung von rotationssymmetrischen Zylinderschalen

Summary In this report the circular cylindrical shell of rigid-plastic material obeying the exact Tresca yield condition is considered and the basic stress and velocity equations are integrated for the case where the axially symmetrical, distributed, radial load is constant or piecewise constant over the shell length and the axial load is constant. No special assumption is made for the boundary conditions or the shell length. The velocity field thus obtained is independent of the Tresca yield condition and can be used for every other yield criterion. Two examples are numerically solved and the exact collapse loads thus obtained are compared with approximate solutions.     

A continuous model for investigation of physically nonlinear deformation of orthotropic sandwich plates

A phenomenological yield condition for quasi-brittle and plastic orthotropic materials with initial stresses is suggested. All components of the yield tensor are determined from experiments on uniaxial loading. The reliability estimates of the criterion suggested is discussed. For a plastic material without initial stresses, the given condition transforms into the Marin—Hu criterion. The defining equations of the deformation theory of plasticity with isotropic and “anisotropic” hardening, associated with the yield condition suggested, are obtained. These equations are used as the basis for a highly accurate nonclassical continuous model for nonlinear deformation of thick sandwich plates. The approximations with respect to the transverse coordinate take into account the flexural and nonflexural deformations in transverse shear and compression. The high-order approximations allow us to model the occurrence of layer delamination cracks by introducing thin nonrigid interlayers without violating the continuity concept of the theory. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. pp. 329–340, May–June, 2000.     

Orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems corresponding to singular spectral curves

We study the limiting case of the Krichever construction of orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems when the spectral curve becomes singular. We show that when the curve is reducible and all its irreducible components are rational curves, the construction procedure reduces to solving systems of linear equations and to simple computations with elementary functions. We also demonstrate how well-known coordinate systems, such as polar coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, and spherical coordinates in Euclidean spaces, fit in this scheme. Published in Russian in Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova, 2006, Vol. 255, pp. 180–196.     

Nontrivial large-time behaviour in bistable reaction–diffusion equations

Bistable reaction–diffusion equations are known to admit one-dimensional travelling waves which are globally stable to one-dimensional perturbations—Fife and McLeod [7]. These planar waves are also stable to two-dimensional perturbations—Xin [30], Levermore-Xin [19], Kapitula [16]—provided that these perturbations decay, in the direction transverse to the wave, in an integrable fashion. In this paper, we first prove that this result breaks down when the integrability condition is removed, and we exhibit a large-time dynamics similar to that of the heat equation. We then apply this result to the study of the large-time behaviour of conical-shaped fronts in the plane, and exhibit cases where the dynamics is given by that of two advection–diffusion equations.      

Multicriteria optimization of a composite cylindrical shell under an external pressure and longitudinal thermal stresses

The multicriteria optimization of the structure and geometry of a laminated cylindrical shell under the action of external pressure and longitudinal thermal stresses is considered. From the known monolayer properties of the composite and the given values of variable structural and geometric parameters, the thermoelastic properties of the anisotropic layered composite are determined. The criteria to be optimized — the critical external pressure and thermal stresses — depend on two variable parameters and temperature. In the space of optimization criteria, the domain of allowable solutions and the Pareto-optimal subdomain are found. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 495–502, July–August, 2006.     

Multicriteria optimization of a composite cylindrical shell subjected to longitudinal thermal stresses and buckling under the action of torque

The multicriteria optimization of the structure and geometry of a multilayer cylindrical shell under the action of external torque and longitudinal thermal stresses is considered. From known monolayer properties of the composite and given values of variable structural and geometric parameters, the thermoelastic properties of the anisotropic layered composite are determined. The criteria to be optimized — the critical external torque and thermal stresses — depend on two variable parameters and temperature. In the space of optimization criteria, the domain of allowable solutions and the Pareto-optimal subdomain are found. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 223–230, March–April, 2009.     

Antiplane deformation of an isotropic massif with a curvilinear cavity

We solve the problem of antiplane deformation for an infinite isotropic massif with a curvilinear cavity in which a harmonic shear wave is propagating. The solution of the problem, which is based on the application of the theory of functions of a complex variable, is reduced to finding unknown constants from a system of linear algebraic equations. Numerical results are given for a circular cavity. Translated fromTeoreticheskaya i Prikladnaya Mekhanika, No. 23, 1992, pp. 115–119.     

The mutual influence of the boundaries of a hole and the faces of a cylindrical shell under distention

We consider the problem of distention of a thin circular cylindrical shell of finite length weakened by a circular slit. On the basis of the complex equations of the theory of cylindrical shells we construct a solution that makes it possible to take account of the influence of the boundaries of the hole and the faces. Using the method of boundary collocations and taking account of the conditions for single-valuedness of the displacements, we reduce the problem to a system of linear algebraic equations. We study numerically the behavior of the membrane stresses as the boundaries of the hole and the faces are moved closer together. Translated fromTeoreticheskaya i Prikladnaya Mekhanika, No. 23, 1992, pp. 45–48.     

Characteristics of four-dimensional normal distribution of properties of composite in stochastic compromise optimization

In a numerical example of compromise optimization by computerized mathematical modeling (2000 realizations) for a known deterministic solution, in the case of an isotropic spatially reinforced porous composite, certain scatter characteristics of the optimal solution have been established, namely four standard deviations and six coefficients of linear correlation for four properties—density, modulus of elasticity, thermal conductivity, and linear thermal expansion coefficient. Of the 17 input data (parameters of the composite components), 10 are stochastic, the others deterministic. An equation is presented for the four-dimensional hyperellipsoid of normal distribution with numerical values of the coefficients, as well as all invariants and roots of the characteristic equation, the matrix of direction cosines of the principal axes of the hyperellipsoid, and the lengths of the principal semiaxes, depending on the dimensionality of the scattering region and the assigned probability P. The four-dimensional hyperellipsoid has been projected onto three-dimensional space and then onto a plane. A section of the scattering region has been constructed. Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Latvian Academy of Sciences, Riga LV-1006, Latvia. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, No. 5, pp. 625–635, September–October, 1996.     

String baryon model “triangle”

In this paper, consideration is given to a baryon model in which three material points (quarks) are pairwise connected by relativistic strings forming a curvilinear triangle. For this model, we found and studied classical solutions corresponding to a uniform rotation of the system in a plane about the center of mass. Along with the simplest state—a rotating curvilinear triangle with smooth sides—there can be more complicated configurations characterized by the motion, at the velocity of light, of some interior massless points of the string. In the limit, the closed string takes the form of a rotating hypocycloid as the quark masses tend to zero. The possibility of describing baryon states on Regge trajectories with the help of the above-mentioned solutions is analyzed. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 113, No. 1, pp. 68–84, October, 1997.     

Applied model of a round cylinder reinforced with systems of yarns at large tensile,inflation, and torsional deformations

Equations for a round cylinder weakly reinforced with systems of yarns and subjected to large tensile, inflation, and torsional deformations are presented. Since the degree of filling is small, the model of uniaxial stress state is assumed. The fibers are aligned with spirals on cylindrical surfaces and with radii in the transverse and meridional sections of the cylinder. The equations are obtained in the macroscopically unidimensional statement for the case of cylindrically symmetric strains. Numerical results are given for twisted hollow rubber cylinders reinforced with polymer yarns in the axial and radial directions. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 237–256, March–April, 2007.     

Spatial braiding of cylindrical articles

The effective deformative characteristics of spatially reinforced composites made by spatial braiding along the generatrices of a one-sheet hyperboloid are analyzed. The geometrical relationships determining the structure of a unit cell of a braided composite are derived. The effective thermoelastic characteristics are calculated by the method of orientational averaging. The dependences of the bending and torsional stiffnesses of thick-walled cylindrical rods — made by the method suggested and by winding — on the braiding/winding angle are compared. The numerical estimations are given for rods made of carbon (CFRP) and aramid (AFRP) epoxy plastics. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompzitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 341–354, May–June, 2000.     

Stability of Composite Cylindrical Shells with Noncoincident Directions of Layer Reinforcement and Coordinate Lines

The stability problem is solved for cylindrical shells made of a laminated composite whose directions of layer reinforcement are not aligned with coordinate axes of the shell midsurface. Each layer of the composite is modeled by an anisotropic material with one plane of symmetry. The resolving functions of the mixed variant of shell theory are approximated by trigonometric series satisfying boundary conditions. The stability of the shells under axial compression, external pressure, and torsion is investigated. A comparison with calculation data obtained within the framework of an orthotropic body model is carried out. It is shown that this model leads to considerably erroneous critical loads for some structures of the composites. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 651–662, September–October, 2005.     

A study of the perturbed stress state of a closed cylindrical shell with a system of part-through transverse cracks

We study the elastic equilibrium of a closed infinite circular cylindrical shell with a system of surface cracks of identical length and depth. We use the method of singular integral equations together with the modeling of solid matter in the plane of a part-through crack by irregularly distributed “line springs”. We conduct a numerical analysis of the variation of the relative stress intensity factor at the center of a crack as a function of the parameters of a crack and the number of cracks. We study cracks located on both the interior and exterior surface of the shell. Translated fromMatematicheskie Metody i Fiziko-Mekhanicheskie Polya, No. 37, 1994, pp. 63–65.     

Hierarchical Morse—Smale Complexes for Piecewise Linear 2-Manifolds

   Abstract. We present algorithms for constructing a hierarchy of increasingly coarse Morse—Smale complexes that decompose a piecewise linear 2-manifold. While these complexes are defined only in the smooth category, we extend the construction to the piecewise linear category by ensuring structural integrity and simulating differentiability. We then simplify Morse—Smale complexes by canceling pairs of critical points in order of increasing persistence.     

Buckling and the initial postbuckling behavior of cylindrical shells made of composites with one plane of symmetry

A method for calculating the buckling stability of layered cylindrical shells made of composite materials with one plane of symmetry of mechanical characteristics is worked out. As a special case, shells made of fibrous materials by winding in directions not coinciding with coordinate axes are considered. An analysis of stability of shells under an axial compression, external pressure, and torsion is carried out. It is shown that, at a great number of layers and appropriate reinforcing angles, the shells can be considered orthotropic. The solution to the problem of the initial postbuckling behavior of shells made of composites with one plane of symmetry is also obtained. It is found that shells of this type can be less sensitive to geometrical imperfections. This fact is important from the practical point of view. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 213–236, March–April, 2007.     

Functional law of the iterated logarithm for fields and its applications

For a Wiener field with an arbitrary finite number of parameters, we construct the law of the iterated logarithm in the functional form. We consider the problem for random fields of a certain type to reside within curvilinear boundaries without assuming that the Cairoli—Walsh condition is satisfied. Donetsk University, Donetsk. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 883–894, July, 1997.     

Maxwell equations in complex form,squaring procedure and separating the variables

The Riemann–Silberstein–Majorana–Oppenheimer complex approach to the Maxwell electrodynamics is investigated within the matrix formalism. Within the squaring procedure we construct four types of formal solutions of the Maxwell equations on the base of scalar D’Alembert solutions. General problem of separating physical electromagnetic solutions in the linear space λ₀Ψ⁰ + λ₁Ψ¹ + λ₂Ψ² + λ₃Ψ³ is investigated, the Maxwell equations reduce to a new form including parameters λ _a . Several particular cases, plane waves and cylindrical waves, are considered in detail. Possible extension of the technique to a curved space–time models is discussed.     

Subquadrature expansions for TSRK methods

The representation of order conditions for general linear methods formulated using an algebraic theory by Butcher, and the alternative using B-series by Hairer and Wanner for treating vector initial value problems in ordinary differential equations are well-known. Each relies on a recursion over rooted trees; yet tractable forms—for example, those which may be solved to yield particular methods—often are obtained only after extensive computation. In contrast, for Runge–Kutta methods, tractable forms have been used by various authors for obtaining methods. Here, the corresponding recursion formula for two-step Runge–Kutta methods is revised to yield tractable forms which may be exploited to derive such methods and to motivate the selection of efficient algorithms in an obvious way. The new recursion formula is utilized in a MAPLE code.