激光等离子体相互作用中Weibel不稳定性

利用粒子模拟法对超强激光与等离子体相互作用中产生的Weibel不稳定性及其产生机制进行了详细的研究。给出不稳定性的线性色散关系和饱和磁场与各向异性参数之间的函数关系,发现Weibel不稳定性的存在使超强激光在等离子体中激发的自生磁场饱和,饱和自生磁场的存在使粒子速度分布在激光传播方向上表现出各向异性。讨论了Weibel不稳定性的线性和非线性饱和过程,对更好地理解快点火物理中自生磁场的产生、快电子输运等过程有重要意义。     

Weibel instability associated with inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of intense electromagnetic radiation

We investigate the Weibel instability in a plasma with a nonstationary three-temperature electron distribution generated by inverse bremsstrahlung of an intense elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave. We show that electron-ion collisions in this strong high frequency field are simultaneously the cause of the development of the instability and the reason it is suppressed. We find plasma and radiation parameters for which spontaneous quasistationary solenoidal electromagnetic fields can increase by many times. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 1245–1257 (April 1997)     

Electron acceleration by net inverse bremsstrahlung of a laser wave in a uniform magnetic field and longitudinal electric waves

The nonzero net dc (ponderomotive force) acting on high-energy beam electrons due to net inverse bremsstrahlung (the absorption by inverse bremsstrahlung minus the emission by stimulated bremsstrahlung) of the electromagnetic wave in a uniform magnetic field and longitudinal electric waves is calculated by using quantum kinetics in accordance with the correspondence principle. It is found that the ponderomotive force can be far stronger than the Lorentz force of the laser wave for an electron-energy range far beyond the free electron lasing regime.     

Single-mode nonlinear regime of Weibel instability in a plasma with anisotropic temperature

An analytical solution is found to the vortex electron anisotropic hydrodynamic equations that describe the nonlinear evolution of the long-wavelength Weibel instability. The presented analytical approach shows that the long-wavelength Weibel instability saturates without a decrease in the temperature anisotropy in the single-mode regime due to the rotation of the anisotropy axes. The generated magnetic field is circular-polarized, and its amplitude varies periodically in time.     

Weibel Instability Growth Rate in Magnetized Plasmas with Quasi-Relativistic Distribution Function

The mechanism of the Weibel instability is investigated for dense magnetized plasmas. As we know, due to the electron velocity distribution, the Coulomb collision effect of electron-ion and the relativistic properties play an important role in such study. In this study an analytical expression for the growth rate and the condition of restricting the Weibel instability are derived for low-frequency limit. These calculations are done for the oscillation frequency dependence on the electron cyclotron frequency. It is shown that, the relativistic properties of the particle lead to increasing the growth rate of the instability. On the other hand the collision effects and background magnetic field try to decrease the growth rate by decreasing the temperature anisotropy and restricting the particles movement.     

Weibel Instability Growth Rate in Magnetized Plasmas with Quasi-Relativistic Distribution Function

The mechanism of the Weibel instability is investigated for dense magnetized plasmas. As we know, due to the electron velocity distribution, the Coulomb collision effect of electron-ion and the relativistic properties play an important role in such study. In this study an analytical expression for the growth rate and the condition of restricting the Weibel instability are derived for low-frequency limit. These calculations are done for the oscillation frequency dependence on the electron cyclotron frequency. It is shown that, the relativistic properties of the particle lead to increasing the growth rate of the instability. On the other hand the collision effects and background magnetic field try to decrease the growth rate by decreasing the temperature anisotropy and restricting the particles movement.     

Generation of a purely electrostatic collisionless shock during the expansion of a dense plasma through a rarefied medium

A two-dimensional numerical study of the expansion of a dense plasma through a more rarefied one is reported. The electrostatic ion-acoustic shock, which is generated during the expansion, accelerates the electrons of the rarefied plasma inducing a superthermal population which reduces electron thermal anisotropy. The Weibel instability is therefore not triggered and no self-generated magnetic fields are observed, in contrast with published theoretical results dealing with plasma expansion into vacuum. The shock front develops a filamentary structure which is interpreted as the consequence of the electrostatic ion-ion instability, consistently with published analytical models and experimental results.     

Calculation of the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption in unmagnetized plasmas

Inverse bremsstrahlung is one important way to deliver laser energy to the plasma in inertial confinement fusion. In this article, we study the collisional absorption rate as obtained from the Fokker–Planck treatment of an unmagnetized plasma in harmonic laser field. The electron–ion collision rate is considered in the Krook approximation, and the electron distribution function is considered a Maxwellian function. We evaluate the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption near the irradiated plasma surface in the critical layer. We observe that absorption increases with shorter laser wavelength and lower electron temperatures. When the maximum electron velocity in the limit of q → 1 reaches infinity, the q-non-extensive distribution function reduces to the standard Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.     

Quantum-kinetic calculation for net acceleration of high-energy electrons by a transverse undulating magnetic field and an electromagnetic wave

The average force acting on a highly relativistic electron beam traveling in a laser wave and a transverse undulating magnetic field (magnetic wiggler) is calculated using quantum kinetics. The quantum-kinetic calculation shows that the net dc force due to net inverse bremsstrahlung in the magnetic wiggler (“inverse free electron lasing”) increases linearly with the beam energy, and can be greater than the Lorentz force of the laser wave.     

热阻塞效应对激光辐照靶材烧蚀过程的影响分析

研究了百兆瓦级激光烧蚀碳/碳复合材料靶材产生的等离子体吸收激光束能量引起的热阻塞效应。首先,基于逆轫致吸收理论,建立了激光在烧蚀靶材产生的等离子体中的传播模型;然后,基于磁流体理论,得到了等离子体在百兆瓦级激光形成的电磁场中的波动方程,建立了等离子体吸收激光能量引起热阻塞效应的模型。最后,对烧蚀过程中粒子的总密度、吸收系数、靶材表面等效热流随激光持续时间的变化规律以及是否考虑热阻塞效应时,靶面垂直方向的温度场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:等离子体的形成,对激光形成了明显的热阻塞效应,削弱了激光对靶材的烧蚀作用,使粒子总密度、吸收系数、靶材表面等效热流以及靶面垂直方向温度场的变化均呈现为非线性。     

激光辐照金属丝产生电子束的发散度

研究了激光辐照金属丝产生电子束的自身磁场对其发散度的影响。通过理论分析和量级估算得到:电子在金属丝附近运动时,同时受到金属丝电场和自身磁场的作用,聚集效应明显;当电子离开金属丝后,空间电荷效应的库仑排斥作用与自身磁场的聚集作用量级相当,近似认为可以保持已经具有的发散度。利用经典轨迹蒙特卡罗方法模拟了该过程,计算结果表明自身磁场可以解释电子束的发散度及其对金属丝长度的依赖关系。     

Ne absorption tube in an alternating magnetic field inside a laser cavity as a frequency standard

A neon absorption tube placed in an alternating magnetic field is used as a frequency standard for the frequency stabilization of a He-Ne laser. This absorption tube, which is situated within the laser cavity, permits a very precise frequency adjustment (<10^-12) due to the formation of the inverse Lamb dip. An excellent beam coherence is also obtained because this method of stabilization does not superimpose any frequency modulation on the oscillation.     

Structure formation and tearing of an MeV cylindrical electron beam in a laser-produced plasma

The stability of a cylindrical, solid hot electron beam propagating in a high density plasma has been studied using a two-dimensional, hybrid Darwin code. The initially solid beam evolves into a hollow, annular beam due to the Weibel instability and generates strong magnetic fields on both sides of the annular ring. The annular structure subsequently breaks up into several beamlets via a mechanism similar to a tearing instability. It is found that the magnetic fields parallel to the direction of beam propagation also grow due to the tearing process.     

Simulation studies of the magnetic field generation in cosmological plasmas

We present computer simulation studies of the magnetic field generation by colliding electron clouds in cosmic plasmas. Simulation results exhibit purely growing magnetic fields, generation of electrostatic waves and subsequent electron energization in different regimes. The linear growth and saturated magnetic fields in our simulations are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions of the Weibel instability induced magnetic fields in cosmological plasmas.     

Magnetic field generation in a plasma produced through atomic ionization by circularly polarized radiation

We have established the dependences of the maximum Weibel instability growth rate and the corresponding wavenumber on the degree of anisotropy in the photoelectron distribution formed through tunnel atomic ionization in the field of a circularly polarized short laser pulse. We show how the relaxation of the initial distribution of photoelectrons due to their collisions with ions affects the pattern of generation of a quasi-static magnetic field.     

Study of Coulomb collisional effects on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a turbulent plasma

The presence of Weibel instability in laser-irradiated fuel could be detrimental to the process of ablative implosion, which is necessary for achieving thermonuclear fusion reactions. In this paper, the effect of the Coulomb collisional within the turbulent plasma on the Weibel instability growth rate has been investigated for linear and circular polarization. The results indicate that the Weibel instability growth rate at circular polarization near the ignition centre of the fuel fusion (collisional plasma) is about 10⁵ times higher than the collisional Weibel instability growth rate at linear polarization. The Weibel instability growth rate is observed near the critical density of the fuel fusion (collisionless plasma) at linear polarization and enhancement near the foot of the heat in front of the fuel fusion. By increasing the steps of the density gradient plasma in the low-density corona, electromagnetic instability occurs at a higher stress flow. Therefore, the deposition condition of electron beam energy in circular polarization of turbulent plasma can be shifted to the fuel core for suitable ignition.     

Weibel instability in plasma produced by a superintense femtosecond laser pulse

The Weibel instability increment is analytically derived for plasma produced at the barrier-suppression ionization of atoms and atomic ions by a superintense femtosecond laser pulse. The cases of linear and circular polarization are considered. Relativistic effects are discussed. It is found that the instability increment is larger for the circular polarization than for the linear polarization. This increment can attain the plasma frequency. Barrier-suppression ionization decreases the increment compared with the case of tunneling ionization. Relativistic effects also decrease the value of the increment. Estimates of the produced maximum quasistatic magnetic field are given.     

Anomalous absorption of high-energy green laser light in high- z plasmas

We observe strong anomalous absorption of green laser light in mm-scale high-temperature gold plasmas. Both the laser light absorption and the resulting increase of the electron temperature, which was measured independently with Thomson scattering, have been successfully modeled by including enhanced collisions due to heat-flux driven ion acoustic fluctuations. Calculations that include only inverse bremsstrahlung significantly underestimate the experimental laser absorption and the electron temperature.     

飞秒激光等离子体中电子热传导现象的数值模拟

采用相对论电磁粒子模拟程序研究了飞秒激光等离子体相互作用中产生的电流密度、电场和自生磁场的发展演化过程。介绍了电子的非局域热输运的基本特性以及激光加热过程中温度烧蚀前沿稠密等离子体子区的预热效应、临界面附近的限流效应,以及冕区的反扩散与限流效应,得到了经典Spitzer-Harm理论描述的电子热传导随自生磁场的演化情形。数值模拟表明:在线性强激光作用下,由于电子初始时刻的无规则热运动,在等离子体上激发电磁不稳定性,而不稳定性激发的强电磁场使电子束在非常短的距离内沉积能量,同时对在激光有质动力推开电子时形成的超热电子能量输运产生抑制作用。     

The study of the weibel electromagnetic instability growth rate in the presence of the body stress

Body stress flow can be expected in the fast ignition imploding of the inertial fusion process that strongly damps small‐scale velocity structures. The Weibel instability is one of the plasma instabilities that require anisotropy in the distribution function. The body stress effect was neglected in the calculation of the Weibel instability growth rate. In this article, the propagation condition of impinging waves and the growing modes of the Weibel instability on the plasma density gradient of the fuel fusion with the body stress flow are investigated. Calculations show that the minimum value of the body stress rate threshold in the linear polarization is about 2.96 times greater than that of the circular polarization. Increasing 10 times of the density gradient and decreasing 2 times of the wavelength in the linear polarization and the circular polarization, respectively, lead to about 1.78 × 10⁶ times increment and 0.019 times decrement in the maximum of the Weibel instability growth rate. Also, the Weibel instability growth rate maximum in the circular polarization is about 10⁷ times greater than that of the linear polarization. The body stress flow and the density gradient tend to stabilize the Weibel instability in the circular polarization and act as a destabilizing source in the linear polarization. Therefore, by increasing steps of the density gradient plasma near the relativistic electron beam‐emitting region, in the circular polarization, the Weibel instability occurs at a higher stress flow.